Olanzapine

Olanzapine
Olanzapine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
2-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-10H-thieno[2,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine
Clinical data
Trade names Zyprexa
AHFS/Drugs.com monograph
MedlinePlus a601213
Pregnancy cat. C
Legal status ℞ Prescription only
Routes oral, intramuscular
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 87% [1]
Metabolism Hepatic (direct glucuronidation and CYP mediated oxidation)
Half-life 21–54 hours
Excretion urine 57%, feces 30%
Identifiers
CAS number 132539-06-1 YesY
ATC code N05AH03
PubChem CID 4585
IUPHAR ligand 47
DrugBank DB00334
ChemSpider 10442212 YesY
UNII N7U69T4SZR YesY
KEGG D00454 YesY
ChEBI CHEBI:7735 N
ChEMBL CHEMBL715 YesY
Chemical data
Formula C17H20N4S 
Mol. mass 312.439
SMILES eMolecules & PubChem
Physical data
Melt. point 195 °C (383 °F)
Solubility in water Practically insoluble in water mg/mL (20 °C)
 N(what is this?)  (verify)

Olanzapine (trade names Zyprexa, Zalasta, Zolafren, Olzapin, Oferta, Zypadhera or in combination with fluoxetine Symbyax) is an atypical antipsychotic, approved by the FDA for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.[2] Olanzapine is structurally similar to clozapine, but is classified as a thienobenzodiazepine. The olanzapine formulations are manufactured and marketed by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and Company, whose patent for olanzapine proper expires in 2011 (in October 2009 a Canadian judge ruled that the 1991 patent was invalid).[3] Sales of Zyprexa in 2008 were $2.2B in the US alone, and $4.7B in total.[4]

Contents

Indications and Usage

  • oral formulation: acute and maintenance treatment of schizophrenia in adults, acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder (monotherapy and in combination with lithium or valproate)
  • intramuscular formulation: acute agitation associated with schizophrenia and bipolar I mania in adults
  • oral formulation combined with fluoxetine: treatment of acute depressive episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in adults, or treatment of acute, resistant depression in adults [5]

Known FDA approvals are as follows:

  • approved for the treatment of the manifestations of psychotic disorders on September 6, 1996[6]
  • approved in combination with fluoxetine for the treatment of depressive episodes associated with Bipolar disorder on December 24, 2003[7]
  • approved for the long-term treatment of bipolar I disorder on January 14, 2004[8]
  • approved in combination with fluoxetine for treatment of resistant depression on March 19, 2009.[9]

Off-label uses

Case-reports, open-label, and small pilot studies suggest efficacy of olanzapine for the treatment of some anxiety spectrum disorders (e.g. generalized anxiety disorder,[10] panic disorder,[11] delusional parasitosis,[12] post-traumatic stress disorder);[13] however, olanzapine has not been rigorously evaluated in randomized, placebo-controlled trials for this use and is not FDA approved for these indications. Other common off-label uses of olanzapine include the treatment of eating disorders (e.g. anorexia nervosa) and as an adjunctive treatment for major depressive disorder without psychotic features. It has also been used for Tourette syndrome and stuttering.[14] Olanzapine is also used in many addiction clinics as a sleep aid (usually 2.5–5 mg) due to its low abuse profile and zero addictive properties.[15]

Prevention of psychosis

Olanzapine has been considered as part of an early psychosis approach for schizophrenia. The Prevention through Risk Identification, Management, and Education (PRIME) study, funded by the National Institute of Mental Health and Eli Lilly, tested the hypothesis that olanzapine might prevent the onset of psychosis in people at very high risk for schizophrenia. The study examined 60 patients with prodromal schizophrenia, who were at an estimated risk of 36–54% of developing schizophrenia within a year, and treated half with olanzapine and half with placebo.[16] In this study, patients receiving olanzapine did not have a significantly lower risk of progressing to psychosis. Olanzapine was effective for treating the prodromal symptoms, but was associated with significant weight gain.[17]

Use in elderly

Citing an increased risk of stroke, in 2004 the Committee on the Safety of Medicines (CSM) in the UK issued a warning that olanzapine and risperidone, both atypical antipsychotic medications, should not be given to elderly patients with dementia. In the U.S., olanzapine comes with a black box warning for increased risk of death in elderly patients. It is not approved for use in patients with dementia-related psychosis.[18] However, a BBC investigation in June 2008 found that this advice was being widely ignored by British doctors.[19]

Investigatory Uses

Olanzapine has has been investigated for use as an antiemetic, particularly for the control of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). A 2007 study demonstrated its successful potential for this use, achieving a complete response in the acute prevention of nausea and vomiting in 100% of patients treated with moderately and highly-emetogenic chemotherapy, when used in combination with palonosetron and dexamethasone.[20]

Dosage and administration

Zyprexa (olanzapine) 10 mg tablets (AU)

Olanzapine is available as a tablet in strengths of 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg and 20 mg. It also comes as an orally disintegrating wafer (known as Zydis), which dissolves on the tongue, in strengths of 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg and 20 mg. It is also available as a 10 mg vial for a rapid-acting intramuscular injection for short-term acute use.

Dose may be adjusted depending on the patient's response to the drug. The dose also will depend on certain medical problems the person may have. It is generally recommended to be taken once daily before bed as it is highly sedating. However, sedation tends to diminish as treatment is pursued.

Pharmacology

Olanzapine has a higher affinity for 5-HT2 serotonin receptors than D2 dopamine receptors. Other affinities are (Ki, nM):

  • dopamine D1: 31
  • dopamine D2: 11
  • serotonin 5-HT2A: 4
  • serotonin 5-HT2C: 11
  • muscarinic M1: 79
  • adrenergic alpha1: 19
  • histamine H1: 7

Like most atypical antipsychotics, compared to the older typical ones, olanzapine has a lower affinity for histamine, cholinergic muscarinic and alpha adrenergic receptors. Olanzapine also exhibits weak affinity for GABAA, BZD receptor site[21] which may contribute slightly to its sedating properties.[22] The mode of action of olanzapine's antipsychotic activity is unknown. It may involve antagonism at serotonin receptors. Antagonism of dopamine receptors is associated with extrapyramidal effects such as tardive dyskinesia, and with therapeutic effects. Antagonizing H1 histamine receptors causes sedation and may cause weight gain, although antagonistic actions at 5-HT2C receptors have also been implicated in weight gain.

Metabolism

Olanzapine is metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system isoenzymes 1A2 and 2D6 (minor pathway). Drug metabolism may be increased or decreased by agents that induce (e.g. cigarette smoke) or inhibit (e.g. fluvoxamine or ciprofloxacin) CYP1A2 activity, respectively.

Side effects, adverse reactions

As with all neuroleptic drugs, olanzapine can cause tardive dyskinesia and rare, but life-threatening, neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Some also associate all antipsychotics with permanent brain damage.[23]

Other recognised side effects may include:

Metabolic effects

The Food and Drug Administration requires all atypical antipsychotics to include a warning about the risk of developing hyperglycemia and diabetes, both of which are factors in the metabolic syndrome. These effects may be related to the drugs' ability to induce weight gain, although there are some reports of metabolic changes in the absence of weight gain.[citation needed] Studies have indicated that Olanzapine carries a greater risk of causing and exacerbating diabetes than another commonly prescribed atypical antipsychotic, Risperidone. Of all the atypical antipsychotics, olanzapine is one of the most likely to induce weight gain based on various measures.[26][27][28][29] The effect is not dose dependent.[dubious – discuss] Olanzapine may directly affect adipocyte function, promoting fat deposition.[30] There are some case reports of olanzapine-induced diabetic ketoacidosis.[31] Olanzapine may decrease insulin sensitivity.[32] though one 3-week study seems to refute this.[33] It may also increase triglyceride levels.[27]

Recent studies have established :

  • that Olanzapine and Clozapine disturb the metabolism by making the body take preferentially its energy from fat (instead of privileging carbohydrates). Thus, levels of carbohydrates remaining high, the body would develop insulin resistance (reduction of insulin sensitivity).[34]
  • that Olanzapine promotes fat accumulation : due to disturbances in fat metabolism, rodents become fatter (but don't have their weight increasing at first). Being fatter, they do less exercise, burning less fat and gaining weight.[35]

Despite weight gain, a large multi-center randomized National Institute of Mental Health study found that olanzapine was better at controlling symptoms because patients were more likely to remain on olanzapine than the other drugs.[36] One small, open-label, non-randomized study suggest that taking olanzapine by orally dissolving tablets may induce less weight gain,[37] but this has not been substantiated in a blinded experimental setting.

Animal Toxicology

In a placebo-compared study of six Macaque monkeys receiving olanzapine between 17 and 27 months, a significant brain volume and weight decreases (8-11%) were detected.[38] In latter studies of the stored samples, the changes were attributed to astrocyte and oligodendrocyte loss,[39] with the neurons spared but positioned more closely compared to the controls.[clarification needed] However according to this study the neurons do not seem to be completely spared. The gray matter shrinking found was 14.6%, but the neuron density increase was only 10.2% which corresponds to approximately a loss of 5% of the neurons.[citation needed]

Olanzapine has demonstrated carcinogenic effects in multiple studies when exposed chronically to female mice and rats, but not male mice and rats. The tumors found were in either the liver or mammary glands of the animals.[40]

Discontinuation

The British National Formulary recommends a gradual withdrawal when discontinuing anti-psychotic treatment to avoid acute withdrawal syndrome or rapid relapse.[41] Due to compensatory changes at dopamine, serotonin, adrenergic and histamine receptor sites in the central nervous system, withdrawal symptoms can occur during abrupt or over-rapid reduction in dosage. Withdrawal symptoms reported to occur after discontinuation of antipsychotics include nausea, emesis, lightheadedness, diaphoresis, dyskinesia, orthostasis, tachycardia, nervousness, dizziness, headache, excessive non-stop crying, and anxiety. The present evidence suggests that these symptoms affect a small number of susceptible individuals treated with antipsychotics.[42][43] Complicated and long-lasting rebound insomnia symptoms can occur after withdrawing from antipsychotics.[citation needed]

Overdose

Symptoms of an overdose include tachycardia, agitation, dysarthria, decreased consciousness and coma. Death has been reported after an acute overdose of 450 mg, but also survival after an acute overdose of 1500 mg.[44] There is no known specific antidote for olanzapine overdose, and even physicians are recommended to call a certified poison control center for information on the treatment of such a case.[44] Prescription should be kept in small quantity to reduce risk overdose as acute bipolar disorder and schizophrenic patients can be at a high risk of suicide(Eli Lilly 2010)

Controversy, lawsuits and settlements

Further information: Eli Lilly Controversy

According to a New York Times article published on December 17, 2006,[45] "Eli Lilly has engaged in a decade-long effort to play down the health risks of Zyprexa, its best-selling medication for schizophrenia, according to hundreds of internal Lilly documents and e-mail messages among top company managers", most of which had been disclosed as the result of lawsuits by individuals who had taken the drug, though other documents had been stolen.[46] These had been sent to a number of journalists by a lawyer advocate for individuals with a psychiatric diagnosis opposed to forced psychiatric treatment. Eli Lilly filed a protection order to stop the dissemination of certain Eli Lilly documents about Zyprexa which they, and the judge, believed to be confidential and "not generally appropriate for public consumption".[46] Temporary injunctions required those who had been received the documents to return them and that the documents be removed from websites which had posted them.[47] In his final judgement, Judge Weinstein issued a permanent judgement against further dissemination of the documents and requiring their return by a number of parties named by Lilly.[46] These health risks include an increased risk for diabetes through Zyprexa's links to obesity and its tendency to raise blood sugar. Zyprexa is Lilly’s top-selling drug, with sales of $4.2 billion last year.

The documents, given to The New York Times by Jim Gottstein, show that Lilly executives kept important information from doctors about Zyprexa’s links to obesity and its tendency to raise blood sugar — both known risk factors for diabetes. The Times of London also obtained copies of the documents and reported that as early as October 1998, Lilly considered the risk of drug-induced obesity to be a "top threat" to Zyprexa sales.[48] In another document, dated October 9, 2000, senior Lilly research physician Robert Baker noted that an academic advisory board he belonged to was "quite impressed by the magnitude of weight gain on olanzapine and implications for glucose."[48]

Lilly’s own published data, which it told its sales representatives to play down in conversations with doctors, has shown that 30 percent of patients taking Zyprexa gain 22 pounds or more after a year on the drug, another study showed 16% of Zyprexa patients gained at least 30 kg (66 pounds) in one year, and some patients have reported gaining 100 pounds or more. But Lilly was concerned that Zyprexa’s sales would be hurt if the company was more forthright about the fact that the drug might cause unmanageable weight gain or diabetes, according to the documents, which cover the period 1995 to 2004. In 2006, Lilly paid $700 million to settle 18,000 lawsuits from people who said they had developed diabetes or other diseases after taking Zyprexa. Thousands more suits are still pending.[49]

In 2002, British and Japanese regulatory agencies warned that Zyprexa may be linked to diabetes, but even after the FDA issued a similar warning in 2003, Lilly did not publicly disclose their own findings.

Eli Lilly agreed on January 4, 2007 to pay up to $500 million to settle 18,000 lawsuits from people who claimed they developed diabetes or other diseases after taking Zyprexa. Including earlier settlements over Zyprexa, Lilly has now agreed to pay at least $1.2 billion to 28,500 people who claim they were injured by the drug. At least 1,200 suits are still pending, the company said. About 20 million people worldwide have taken Zyprexa since its introduction in 1996.[50] On January 8, 2007, Judge Jack B. Weinstein refused the Electronic Frontier Foundation's motion to stay his order.[51]

On January 15, 2009 Eli Lilly pled guilty to a misdemeanor charge of illegally marketing Zyprexa for off-label use, and agreed to pay $1.4 billion.[52] Although Lilly had evidence that it is not effective for dementia, Zyprexa was marketed for elderly Alzheimer's patients.[53] The drug carries an F.D.A. warning that it increases the risk of death in older patients with dementia-related psychosis.[54]

In order to make up for the costs for settling the lawsuits and shrinking sales figures for Zyprexa in the U.S.A. the company increased the prices for this medication in Germany in May 2007 by 18 percent. [55][56],In Canada a class action lawsuit was settled in Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia.

Chemistry

http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=ZGYeAAAAEBAJ&dq=US+5229382 Olanzapine synthesis.png

See also

Notes and references

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  2. ^ "Olanzapine Prescribing Information" (PDF). Eli Lilly and Company. 2009-03-19. http://pi.lilly.com/us/zyprexa-pi.pdf. Retrieved 2009-09-06. 
  3. ^ Pharmalot.com
  4. ^ "Lilly 2008 Annual Report" (PDF). Lilly. 2009. http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/LLY/696621960x0x296463/611E167A-61C9-4C03-8866-ACF5FA7C8953/English.PDF. Retrieved 2009-08-06. 
  5. ^ treatment resistant depression defined as major depressive disorder in adult patients who do not respond to two separate trials of different antidepressants of adequate dose and duration in the current episode
  6. ^ "NDA 20-592" (PDF). Food and Drug Administration. 1996-09-06. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/96/020592_Original_Approval_Pkg%20.pdf. Retrieved 2009-09-06. 
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  33. ^ Sowell, Margaret; et al. (August 8, 2003). "Evaluation of Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Volunteers Treated with Olanzapine, Risperidone, or Placebo: A Prospective, Randomised Study Using the Two-Step Hyperinsulinemic, Euglycemic Clamp". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (The Endocrine Society) 88 (12): 5875–5880. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021884. PMID 14671184. http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/88/12/5875. Retrieved 2007-12-02. "In summary, this study did not demonstrate significant changes in insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects after 3 wk of treatment with olanzapine or risperidone." 
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  54. ^ Berenson, Alex (December 18, 2006). "Drug Files Show Maker Promoted Unapproved Use". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/18/business/18drug.ht. Retrieved 2009-09-03. 
  55. ^ Frontal21.ZDF.de, Tödliche Nebenwirkungen? - Umstrittenes Medikament bringt satte Gewinne
  56. ^ YouTube.com, Zyprexa - Umstrittenes Medikament bringt satte Gewinne

External links

Manufacturer site

Consumer information

  • MedLibrary.org - 'Information on Zyprexa and How to Use It, Precautions and Other Medications to Avoid While Taking, MedLibrary
  • NIH.gov - 'Olanzapine (Systemic)' Drug Information, MedlinePlus

Controversy

  • nytyimes.com - Lilly Settles With 18,000 Over Zyprexa, Alex Berenson, New York Times (December 17, 2006)
v · d · eAntipsychotics (neuroleptics) (N05A)
Typical
Benzamides: Levosulpiride • Nemonapride • Sulpiride • Sultopride • Tiapride • Veralipride; Butyrophenones: Azaperone • Benperidol • Bromperidol • Droperidol • Fluanisone • Haloperidol • Lenperone • Moperone • Pipamperone • Spiperone • Timiperone • Trifluperidol; Diphenylbutylpiperidines: Clopimozide • Fluspirilene • Penfluridol • Pimozide; Phenothiazines: Acepromazine • Acetophenazine • Butaperazine • Carphenazine • Chloracizine • Chlorproethazine • Chlorpromazine • Cyamemazine • Dixyrazine • Fluacizine • Fluphenazine • Levomepromazine/Methotrimeprazine • Mesoridazine • Perazine • Pericyazine • Perphenazine • Piperacetazine • Pipotiazine • Prochlorperazine • Promazine • Promethazine • Propiomazine • Sulforidazine • Thiethylperazine • Thiopropazate • Thioproperazine • Thioridazine • Trifluoperazine • Triflupromazine; Thioxanthenes: Chlorprothixene • Clopenthixol • Flupentixol • Thiothixene • Zuclopenthixol; Tricyclics: Amoxapine • Butaclamol • Fluotracen • Loxapine • Metitepine/Methiothepin • Octoclothiepin • Trimipramine; Others: Prothipendyl
Atypical
Benzamides: Amisulpride • Remoxipride; Butyrophenones: Cinuperone • Setoperone; Benzo(iso)oxazolepiperidines: Iloperidone • Ocaperidone • Paliperidone • Risperidone; Benzo(iso)thiazolepiperazines: Lurasidone • Perospirone • Revospirone • Tiospirone • Ziprasidone; Diphenylbutylpiperazines: Amperozide; Phenylpiperazines: Aripiprazole • Bifeprunox • Elopiprazole • Umespirone; Tricyclics: Asenapine • Carpipramine • Clocapramine • Clotiapine • Clozapine • Fluperlapine • Gevotroline • Metitepine/Methiothepin • Mosapramine • NDMC • Olanzapine • Piquindone • Quetiapine • Tenilapine • Zotepine; Others: Blonanserin • Cariprazine • Molindone • Pimavanserin • Roxindole • Sarizotan • Sertindole • Spiramide
Others
Azacyclonol • Cannabidiol • D-Cycloserine • Lithium • Mifepristone • Oxypertine • Reserpine • Rimcazole • Secretin • Talnetant • Tetrabenazine • Vabicaserin

M: PSO/PSI

mepr

dsrd (o, p, m, p, a, d, s), sysi/epon, spvo

proc(eval/thrp), drug(N5A/5B/5C/6A/6B/6D)
v · d · eBenzodiazepine derivatives
1,4-Benzodiazepines

Bromazepam · Camazepam · Carburazepam · Chlordiazepoxide · Cinolazepam · Clonazepam · Clorazepate · Cyprazepam · Delorazepam · Demoxepam · Devazepide * · Diazepam · Doxefazepam · Elfazepam · Ethyl carfluzepate · Ethyl dirazepate · Ethyl loflazepate · Fletazepam · Fludiazepam · Flunitrazepam · Flurazepam · Flutemazepam · Flutoprazepam · Fosazepam · Gidazepam · Halazepam · Iclazepam · Ketazolam · Lorazepam · Lormetazepam · Meclonazepam · Medazepam · Menitrazepam · Metaclazepam · Motrazepam · Nimetazepam · Nitrazepam · Nitrazepate · Nordazepam · Nortetrazepam · Oxazepam · Phenazepam · Pinazepam · Pivoxazepam · Prazepam · Proflazepam · Quazepam · QH-II-66 · Reclazepam · Ro5-2904 · Ro5-4864 * · Sulazepam · Temazepam · Tetrazepam · Tifluadom * · Tolufazepam · Tuclazepam · Uldazepam
1,5-Benzodiazepines

Arfendazam · Clobazam · CP-1414S · Lofendazam · Triflubazam
2,3-Benzodiazepines *

Girisopam · GYKI-52466 · GYKI-52895 · Nerisopam · Talampanel · Tofisopam
Triazolobenzodiazepines

Adinazolam · Alprazolam · Estazolam · Flubromazolam · Triazolam
Imidazobenzodiazepines

Bretazenil · Climazolam · FG-8205 · Flumazenil · Imidazenil · L-655,708 · Loprazolam · Midazolam · PWZ-029 · Remimazolam · Ro15-4513 · Ro48-6791 · Ro48-8684 · Sarmazenil · SH-053-R-CH3-2′F
Oxazolobenzodiazepines
Thienodiazepines

Bentazepam · Brotizolam · Ciclotizolam · Clotiazepam · Etizolam · Olanzapine *
Pyridodiazepines

Lopirazepam · Zapizolam
Pyrazolodiazepines

Razobazam * · Ripazepam · Zolazepam · Zomebazam
Pyrrolodiazepines
Tetrahydroisoquinobenzodiazepines
Benzodiazepine prodrugs
 * atypical activity profile (not GABAA receptor ligands)
v · d · eTricyclics
Classes
Acridine • Anthracene • Dibenzazepine • Dibenzocycloheptene • Dibenzodiazepine • Dibenzothiazepine • Dibenzothiepin • Dibenzoxazepine • Dibenzoxepin • Phenothiazine • Pyridazinobenzoxazine • Pyridinobenzodiazepine • Thioxanthene
Antidepressants
7-OH-Amoxapine • Amezepine • Amineptine • Amitriptyline • Amitriptylinoxide • Amoxapine • Aptazapine • Azepindole • Azipramine • Butriptyline • Cianopramine • Ciclazindol • Ciclopramine • Clomipramine • Cotriptyline • Cyanodothiepin • Demexiptiline • Depramine/Balipramine • Desipramine • Dibenzepin • Dimetacrine • Dosulepin/Dothiepin • Doxepin • Enprazepine • Esmirtazapine • Fluotracen • Hepzidine • Homopipramol • Imipramine • Imipraminoxide • Intriptyline • Iprindole • Ketipramine • Litracen • Lofepramine • Losindole • Loxapine • Maprotiline • Mariptiline • Mazindol • Melitracen • Metapramine • Mezepine • Mianserin • Mirtazapine • Naranol • Nitroxazepine • Nortriptyline • Noxiptiline • Octriptyline • Opipramol • Oxaprotiline • Pipofezine • Pirandamine • Propizepine • Protriptyline • Quinupramine • Setiptiline/Teciptiline • Tandamine • Tampramine • Tianeptine • Tienopramine • Trimipramine
Antihistamines
Alimemazine • Azatadine • Clobenzepam • Cyproheptadine • Dacemazine • Deptropine • Desloratadine • Epinastine • Etymemazine • Hydroxyethylpromethazine • Isopromethazine • Isothipendyl • Ketotifen • Latrepirdine • Loratadine • Mebhydrolin • Mequitazine • Methdilazine • Olopatadine • Oxomemazine • Phenindamine • Pimethixene • Promethazine • Propiomazine • Rupatadine • Thiazinamium
Antipsychotics
Acetophenazine • Amoxapine • Asenapine • Butaclamol • Butaperazine • Carphenazine • Carpipramine • Chlorpromazine • Chlorprothixene • Ciclindole • Clocapramine • Clomacran • Clotiapine • Clozapine • Flucindole • Fluotracen • Flupentixol • Fluphenazine • Gevotroline • Homopipramol • Levomepromazine/Methotrimeprazine • Loxapine • Maroxepin • Mesoridazine • Metitepine/Methiothepin • Metoxepin • Mosapramine • Naranol • Olanzapine • Perazine • Perphenazine • Periciazine • Piperacetazine • Pipotiazine • Piquindone • Prochlorperazine • Promazine • Prothipendyl • Quetiapine • Sulforidazine • Thiethylperazine • Thiopropazate • Thioridazine • Thiothixene • Trifluoperazine • Triflupromazine • Zotepine • Zuclopenthixol
Others
Atiprosin • Carbamazepine • Carvedilol • Cyclobenzaprine • Licarbazepine • Methylene Blue • Monatepil • Oxcarbazepine • Oxitriptyline • Pirenzepine • Pirolate • Pitrazepin • Pizotifen • Profenamine

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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Olanzapine — Structure de l olanzapine Général Nom IUPAC 2 méthyl 4 (4 méthyl 1 pipérazinyl) 10H thié …   Wikipédia en Français

  • olanzapine — /ə lanˈzə pēn/ noun An antipsychotic drug used to treat schizophrenia and other conditions …   Useful english dictionary

  • olanzapine — noun An antipsychotic drug used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disease etc …   Wiktionary

  • olanzapine — olan·za·pine ō lan zə .pēn n an antipsychotic drug C17H20H4S administered orally esp. in short term treatment of schizophrenia and acute manic episodes of bipolar disorder see zyprexa * * * n. see antipsychotic * * * o·lan·za·pine (o lanґzə… …   Medical dictionary

  • olanzapine — n.; see antipsychotic …   The new mediacal dictionary

  • olanzapine — A drug used to treat certain mental disorders. It is also being studied in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by some cancer treatments. It is a type of antipsychotic and monoamine antagonist. Also called Zyprexa and Zyprexa Zydis …   English dictionary of cancer terms

  • 132539-06-1 — Olanzapine Olanzapine Structure de l olanzapine Général Nom IUPAC 2 méthyl 4 (4 méthyl 1 pipé …   Wikipédia en Français

  • C17H20N4S — Olanzapine Olanzapine Structure de l olanzapine Général Nom IUPAC 2 méthyl 4 (4 méthyl 1 pipé …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Zyprexa — Olanzapine Olanzapine Structure de l olanzapine Général Nom IUPAC 2 méthyl 4 (4 méthyl 1 pipéra …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Antipsychotic — Advertisement for Thorazine (chlorpromazine) from the 1950s[1] An antipsychotic (or neuroleptic) is a tranquilizing psychiatric medication primarily used to manage psychosis (including delusions or hallucinations, as well as disordered tho …   Wikipedia

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