Bromo-DragonFLY

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ImageFile1 = R-Bromo-DragonFLY.png ImageSize1 =
IUPACName = (1-(8-Bromobenzo [1,2-b;4,5-b] difuran-4-yl)-2-aminopropane
OtherNames = Bromo-benzodifuranyl-isopropylamine
Section1 = Chembox Identifiers
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SMILES = N [C@H] (C)CC1=C(OC=C2)C2=
C(Br)C3=C1C=CO3 ("R"-isomer)
Section2 = Chembox Properties
Formula = C₁₃H₁₂BrNO₂
MolarMass = 294.14 g/mol
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MeltingPt = decomposes at 240 °C (hydrochloride)
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Section3 = Chembox Hazards
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Bromo-DragonFLY, also known as ABDF, is a psychedelic hallucinogenic drug related to the phenethylamine family. Bromo-DragonFLY is considered an extremely potent hallucinogen, only slightly less potent than LSD with a normal dose in the region of 200 μg to 800 μg, and it has an extremely long duration of action up to several days.cite web |url=http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/bromo_dragonfly/bromo_dragonfly_dose.shtml |title=Erowid Bromo-DragonFly Vault : Dosage |accessdate= |format= |work=] It is explicitly illegal only in Swedencite web |url=http://www.riksdagen.se/webbnav/index.aspx?nid=3911&bet=1992:1554 |title=Svensk författningssamling (SFS) - Riksdagen |accessdate= |format= |work=] and Denmark, although it may be considered a controlled substance analogue under US and Australian drug laws. Bromo-DragonFLY has a stereocenter and "R"-(-)-bromo-DragonFLY is the more active stereoisomer.

History

Bromo-DragonFLY was first synthesized by Matthew A. Parker in the laboratory of David E. Nichols in 1998.

Pharmacology

The hallucinogenic effect of bromo-DragonFLY is mediated by its agonist activity at the 5-HT_2A serotonin receptor. Bromo-DragonFLY also has a high binding affinity for the 5-HT_2B and 5-HT_2C serotonin receptors.

Dosage

The typical dose of Bromo-DragonFLY is not known, however it has varied from 500 μg to 1 mg.cite web |url=http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/bromo_dragonfly/bromo_dragonfly_dose.shtml |title=Erowid Bromo-DragonFly Vault : Dosage |accessdate= |format= |work=] It has about 300 times the potency of mescaline, or 1/5th the potency of LSD. It has been sold in the form of blotters, similar to the distribution method of LSD, which has led to confusion, and reports of mistakenly consuming Bromo-DragonFly. It has a much longer duration of action than LSD and can last for up to 2-3 dayscite web |url=http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/bromo_dragonfly/bromo_dragonfly_dose.shtml |title=Erowid Bromo-DragonFly Vault : Dosage |accessdate= |format= |work=] following a single large dose, with a slow onset of action that can take up to 6 hours before the effects are felt.

Toxicity

The toxicity of Bromo-DragonFLY is unknown for humans however at least three reports of death believed to be resulted from Bromo-DragonFLY have been reported in Norwaycite web |url=http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/bromo_dragonfly/bromo_dragonfly_death2.shtml |title=Erowid Bromo-Dragonfly Vault : Reported GHB-Related Death Involved Bromo-Dragonfly |accessdate= |format= |work=] , Swedencite web |url=http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/bromo_dragonfly/bromo_dragonfly_death1.shtml |title=Erowid Bromo-Dragonfly Vault : Information about a death reportedly related to Bromo-Dragonfly |accessdate= |format= |work=] and Denmarkcite web |url=http://jp.dk/indland/aar/article1418250.ece |title=Nyt stof har slået dansker ihjel |accessdate= |format= |work=]

Also, a Swedish man had to have the front part of his feet and several fingers on one hand amputated after taking a massive overdose. Apparently the compound acted as a long-acting efficacious vasoconstrictor, leading to necrosis and gangrene which was delayed by several weeks after the overdose occurred. Several other cases have also been reported of severe peripheral vasoconstriction following overdose with Bromo-DragonFLY, and a similar case is also known from DOB. Treatment was of limited efficacy in this case although tolazoline is reportedly an effective treatment where available. [ [http://www.lakartidningen.se/engine.php?articleId=9254 Bromo-dragonfly – livsfarlig missbruksdrog] (Swedish)] [Thorlacius K, Borna C, Personne M. Bromo-dragon fly--life-threatening drug. Can cause tissue necrosis as demonstrated by the first described case. (Swedish). "Lakartidningen". 2008 Apr 16-22;105(16):1199-200. PMID 18522262]

Overdoses, disturbing experiences, and Bromo-DragonFLY associated health problems have been described. One case in 2008 in England involved inhalation of vomit, causing nearly fatal asphyxia. [ [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/surrey/7315020.stm BBC NEWS | England | Surrey | 'I nearly died from taking £5 hit' ] ]

Legal Status

weden

Bromo-DragonFLY was classified as a "health hazard" in Sweden on July 15, 2007, making it illegal to sell or possess there.cite web |url=http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/bromo_dragonfly/bromo_dragonfly_law.shtml#sweden |title=Erowid Bromo-Dragonfly Vault : Legal Status |accessdate= |format= |work=] cite web |url=http://www.fhi.se/templates/page____11295.aspx |title=Statens folkhälsoinstitut - Två nya droger klassas som hälsofarliga |accessdate= |format= |work=]

Denmark

On December 5, 2007 the drug was banned in Denmark.Cite web|url=http://www.dkma.dk/1024/visUKLSArtikel.asp?artikelID=12407|title=Amendment of Executive Order on Euphoriant Substances|publisher=Danish Medicines Agency|year=2007] The substance has been declared illegal by health minister Jakob Axel Nielsen, following recommendations from the Danish Health Ministry. It is currently classified as a dangerous narcotic and therefore its possession, manufacture, importation, supply or usage is strictly prohibited. Anyone involved in such activities can face legal action.cite web |url=http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/bromo_dragonfly/bromo_dragonfly_law.shtml#denmark |title=Erowid Bromo-Dragonfly Vault : Legal Status |accessdate= |format= |work=]

Norway

Bromo-DragonFLY is currently not on the Norwegian narcotics list,cite web |url=http://www.lovdata.no/for/sf/ho/to-19780630-0008-001.html |title=List of narcotic drugs according to Norwegian law |accessdate= |format= |work=] but is affected by Norwegian derivate laws according to state officials.cite web |url=http://www.legemiddelverket.no/templates/InterPage____57471.aspx |title=Statens Legemiddelverk about derivates and Bromo-DragonFLY |accessdate= |format= |work=] Thus it's effectively a narcotic drug by Norwegian law.

See also

* 2C-B
* DOB
* 2C-B-FLY
* PiHKAL
* 5-HT_2A receptor

References

* [http://www.erowid.org/references/refs_view.php?A=ShowDoc1&ID=6517 'A novel (benzodifuranyl)aminoalkane with extremely potent activity at the 5-HT_2A receptor'] "J. Med. Chem." 41(26): 5148-5149
* 'Enantiospecific synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of super-potent, conformationally restricted 5-HT_2A/2C receptor agonists' by J. J. Chambers, D. M. Kurrasch-Orbaugh, M. A. Parker, and D. E. Nichols in "J. Med. Chem." 44(6): 1003-1010 (2001) [http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm000491y DOI: 10.1021/jm000491y]
* [http://jonkoping.expressen.se/Nyheter/1.622826 'Man i 20-årsåldern dog av drogen Dragonfly', Kajsa Hallberg, "Tipsa Expressen", 3 April 2007.]
* [http://www.lakartidningen.se/includes/07printArticle.php?articleId=9254 Bromo-dragonfly – livsfarlig missbruksdrog]
* [http://jp.dk/indland/aar/article1418250.ece Nyt stof har slået dansker ihjel]
* [http://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/article3234876.ab Per, 35, blev stympad av dödsdrogen - Vårdades i respirator i tio dygn efter att ha tagit Bromo-Dragonfly]

External links

* [http://www.erowid.org/chemicals/bromo_dragonfly/bromo_dragonfly.shtml Erowid Bromo-Dragonfly vault]