Decay-accelerating factor

CD55 molecule, decay accelerating factor for complement (Cromer blood group)
PDB rendering based on 1h03.
Available structures PDB 1H03, 1H04, 1H2P, 1H2Q, 1M11, 1NWV, 1OJV, 1OJW, 1OJY, 1OK1, 1OK2, 1OK3, 1OK9, 1UOT, 1UPN, 2C8I, 2QZD, 2QZF, 2QZH
Identifiers
Symbols	CD55; CR; CROM; DAF; TC
External IDs	OMIM: 125240 MGI: 104850 HomoloGene: 479 GeneCards: CD55 Gene
Gene Ontology Molecular function • receptor activity Cellular component • extracellular region • soluble fraction • plasma membrane • integral to plasma membrane • anchored to membrane • membrane raft Biological process • complement activation, classical pathway • elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration • innate immune response • respiratory burst Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	1604	13136
Ensembl	ENSG00000196352	ENSMUSG00000026399
UniProt	P08174	Q3TU32
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000574.3	NM_010016
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000565.1	NP_034146
Location (UCSC)	Chr 1: 207.49 – 207.53 Mb	Chr 1: 132.27 – 132.29 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Complement decay-accelerating factor also known as CD55 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the CD55 gene.^[1]

Decay accelerating factor is a 70 kDa membrane protein that regulates the complement system on the cell surface. It prevents the assembly of the C3bBb complex (the C3-convertase of the alternative pathway) or accelerates the disassembly of preformed convertase, thus blocking the formation of the membrane attack complex.

This glycoprotein is broadly distributed among hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. It is a determinant for the Cromer blood group system.

Pathology

DAF is not expressed on paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria III (markedly abnormal) RBCs; this, coupled with CD59 absence leads to PNH.

Infectious diseases

DAF is used as a receptor by some coxsackieviruses and other enteroviruses.^[2] Recombinant soluble DAF-Fc has been tested in mice as an anti-enterovirus therapy for heart damage;^[3] however, the human enterovirus that was tested binds much more strongly to human DAF than to mouse or rat DAF. Echoviruses and coxsackie B viruses that use human decay-accelerating factor (DAF) as a receptor do not bind the rodent analogues of DAF.^[4] and DAF-Fc has yet to be tested in humans.

See also

• List of human clusters of differentiation
• CD59

References

1. ^ Medof ME, Lublin DM, Holers VM, Ayers DJ, Getty RR, Leykam JF, Atkinson JP, Tykocinski ML (April 1987). "Cloning and characterization of cDNAs encoding the complete sequence of decay-accelerating factor of human complement". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (7): 2007–11. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.7.2007. PMC 304572. PMID 2436222. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=304572. 
2. ^ Karnauchow TM, Tolson DL, Harrison BA, Altman E, Lublin DM, Dimock K (August 1996). "The HeLa cell receptor for enterovirus 70 is decay-accelerating factor (CD55)". J. Virol. 70 (8): 5143–52. PMC 190469. PMID 8764022. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=190469. 
3. ^ Yanagawa B, Spiller OB, Choy J, Luo H, Cheung P, Zhang HM, Goodfellow IG, Evans DJ, Suarez A, Yang D, McManus BM (January 2003). "Coxsackievirus B3-associated myocardial pathology and viral load reduced by recombinant soluble human decay-accelerating factor in mice". Lab. Invest. 83 (1): 75–85. PMID 12533688. 
4. ^ Spiller OB, Goodfellow IG, Evans DJ, Almond JW, Morgan BP (January 2000). "Echoviruses and coxsackie B viruses that use human decay-accelerating factor (DAF) as a receptor do not bind the rodent analogues of DAF". J. Infect. Dis. 181 (1): 340–3. doi:10.1086/315210. PMID 10608785. 

Further reading

• Selinka HC, Wolde A, Sauter M, et al. (2004). "Virus-receptor interactions of coxsackie B viruses and their putative influence on cardiotropism.". Med. Microbiol. Immunol. 193 (2-3): 127–31. doi:10.1007/s00430-003-0193-y. PMID 12920584. 
• Mikesch JH, Schier K, Roetger A, et al. (2007). "The expression and action of decay-accelerating factor (CD55) in human malignancies and cancer therapy.". Cell. Oncol. 28 (5-6): 223–32. PMID 17167176. 

External links

• MeSH Decay-Accelerating+Factor
• Cromer blood group system at BGMUT Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database at NCBI, NIH