CD1

protein
Name = CD1a molecule
caption =


width =
HGNCid = 1634
Symbol = CD1A
AltSymbols = CD1
EntrezGene = 909
OMIM = 188370
RefSeq = NM_001763
UniProt = P06126
PDB =
ECnumber =
Chromosome = 1
Arm = q
Band = 22
LocusSupplementaryData = -q23protein
Name = CD1b molecule
caption =


width =
HGNCid = 1635
Symbol = CD1B
AltSymbols = CD1
EntrezGene = 910
OMIM = 188360
RefSeq = NM_001764
UniProt = P29016
PDB =
ECnumber =
Chromosome = 1
Arm = q
Band = 22
LocusSupplementaryData = -q23protein
Name = CD1c molecule
caption =


width =
HGNCid = 1636
Symbol = CD1C
AltSymbols = CD1
EntrezGene = 911
OMIM = 188340
RefSeq = NM_001765
UniProt = P29017
PDB =
ECnumber =
Chromosome = 1
Arm = q
Band = 22
LocusSupplementaryData = -q23protein
Name = CD1d molecule
caption =


width =
HGNCid = 1637
Symbol = CD1D
AltSymbols =
EntrezGene = 912
OMIM = 188410
RefSeq = NM_001766
UniProt = P15813
PDB =
ECnumber =
Chromosome = 1
Arm = q
Band = 22
LocusSupplementaryData = -q23protein
Name = CD1e molecule
caption =


width =
HGNCid = 1638
Symbol = CD1E
AltSymbols =
EntrezGene = 913
OMIM = 188411
RefSeq = NM_030893
UniProt = P15812
PDB =
ECnumber =
Chromosome = 1
Arm = q
Band = 22
LocusSupplementaryData = -q23

CD1 (cluster of differentiation 1) is a family of glycoproteins expressed on the surface of various human antigen-presenting cells. They are related to the class I MHC molecules, and are involved in the presentation of lipid antigens to T cells. However their precise function is unknown.cite journal | author = Porcelli S, Brenner MB, Greenstein JL, Balk SP, Terhorst C, Bleicher PA | title = Recognition of cluster of differentiation 1 antigens by human CD4-CD8-cytolytic T lymphocytes | journal = Nature | volume = 341 | issue = 6241 | pages = 447–50 | year = 1989 | pmid = 2477705 | doi = 10.1038/341447a0 | issn = ]

Types

CD1 glycoproteins can be classified primarily into two groups which differ in their lipid anchoring.cite journal | author = Zajonc DM, Wilson IA | title = Architecture of CD1 proteins | journal = Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. | volume = 314 | issue = | pages = 27–50 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17593656 | doi = | issn = ]

CD1a, CD1b and CD1c (group 1 CD1 molecules) are expressed on cells specialized for antigen presentation.cite journal | author = Sköld M, Behar SM | title = The role of group 1 and group 2 CD1-restricted T cells in microbial immunity | journal = Microbes Infect. | volume = 7 | issue = 3 | pages = 544–51 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15777730 | doi = 10.1016/j.micinf.2004.12.012 | issn = ]

CD1d (group 2 CD1) is expressed in a wider variety of cells.

CD1e is an intermediate form, expressed intracellularly, the role of which is currently unclear.cite journal | author = Angenieux C, Salamero J, Fricker D, Cazenave JP, Goud B, Hanau D, de La Salle H | title = Characterization of CD1e, a third type of CD1 molecule expressed in dendritic cells | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 275 | issue = 48 | pages = 37757–64 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10948205 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M007082200 | issn = ]

In humans

Group 1

Group 1 CD1 molecules have been shown to present foreign lipid antigens, and specifically a number of mycobacterial cell wall components, to CD1-specific T cells.

Group 2

The natural antigens of group 2 CD1 are not well-characterized, but a synthetic glycolipid, alpha-galactosylceramide, originally isolated from a compound found in a marine sponge, has strong biologic activity.

Group 2 CD1 molecules activate a group of T cells, known as Natural killer T cells because of their expression of NK surface markers such as CD161. Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are activated by CD1d-presented antigens, and rapidly produce Th1 and Th2 cytokines, typically represented by interferon-gamma and IL-4 production.

The group 2 (CD1d) ligand alpha-galactosylceramide is currently in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of advanced non-hematologic cancers.

In cows and mice

Mice lack the group 1 CD1 molecules, and instead have 2 copies of CD1d. Thus, mice have been used extensively to characterize the role of CD1d and CD1d-dependent NKT cells in a variety of disease models.

It has recently been shown that cows lack the group 2 CD1 molecules, and have an expanded set of group 1 CD1 molecules.cite journal | author = Van Rhijn I, Koets AP, Im JS, Piebes D, Reddington F, Besra GS, Porcelli SA, van Eden W, Rutten VP | title = The bovine CD1 family contains group 1 CD1 proteins, but no functional CD1d | journal = J. Immunol. | volume = 176 | issue = 8 | pages = 4888–93 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16585584 | doi = | issn = ] Because of this and the fact that cows are a natural host of Mycobacterium bovis, a pathogen in humans as well, it is hoped that studying cows will yield insights into the group 1 CD1 antigen-presenting system.

References

External links

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