Anaplastic lymphoma kinase

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (Ki-1), also known as ALK, is a human gene.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ALK anaplastic lymphoma kinase (Ki-1)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=238| accessdate = ] cite journal | author = Morris SW, Kirstein MN, Valentine MB, Dittmer KG, Shapiro DN, Saltman DL, Look AT' | title = Fusion of a kinase gene, ALK, to a nucleolar protein gene, NPM, in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma | journal = Science (journal) | volume = 263 | issue = 5151 | pages = 1281–4 | year = 1994 | month = March | pmid = 8122112 | doi = 10.1126/science.8122112 | url = | issn = ]

Function

The 2;5 chromosomal translocation is frequently associated with anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs). The translocation creates a fusion gene consisting of the ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) gene and the nucleophosmin (NPM) gene: the 3' half of ALK, derived from chromosome 2, is fused to the 5' portion of NPM from chromosome 5. The product of the NPM-ALK fusion gene is oncogenic. The deduced amino acid sequences reveal that ALK is a novel receptor tyrosine kinase having a putative transmembrane domain and an extracellular domain. These sequences are absent in the product of the transforming NPM-ALK gene. ALK shows the greatest sequence similarity to LTK (leukocyte tyrosine kinase). ALK plays an important role in the development of the brain and exerts its effects on specific neurons in the nervous system.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ALK anaplastic lymphoma kinase (Ki-1)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=238| accessdate = ]

Disease linkage

Recent study shows that mutation of ALK "are strongly linked to out-of-control cell proliferation and neuroblastoma", a deadly childhood form of cancer.cite web | url = http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/micro_stories.pl?ACCT=159681&TICK=CHOP&STORY=/www/story/08-25-2008/0004872713&EDATE=Aug+25,+2008 | title = Gene That Causes Childhood Cancer Neuroblastoma Is Found | author = | authorlink = | coauthors = | date = | format = | work = PRNewswire-USNewswire | publisher = | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = | accessdate = 2008-08-26]

ee also

* Cluster of differentiation

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Benharroch D, Meguerian-Bedoyan Z, Lamant L, "et al." |title=ALK-positive lymphoma: a single disease with a broad spectrum of morphology. |journal=Blood |volume=91 |issue= 6 |pages= 2076–84 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9490693 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Pulford K, Lamant L, Espinos E, "et al." |title=The emerging normal and disease-related roles of anaplastic lymphoma kinase. |journal=Cell. Mol. Life Sci. |volume=61 |issue= 23 |pages= 2939–53 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15583856 |doi= 10.1007/s00018-004-4275-9
*cite journal | author=Morris SW, Kirstein MN, Valentine MB, "et al." |title=Fusion of a kinase gene, ALK, to a nucleolar protein gene, NPM, in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. |journal=Science |volume=263 |issue= 5151 |pages= 1281–4 |year= 1994 |pmid= 8122112 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Fujimoto J, Shiota M, Iwahara T, "et al." |title=Characterization of the transforming activity of p80, a hyperphosphorylated protein in a Ki-1 lymphoma cell line with chromosomal translocation t(2;5). |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=93 |issue= 9 |pages= 4181–6 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8633037 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Iwahara T, Fujimoto J, Wen D, "et al." |title=Molecular characterization of ALK, a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed specifically in the nervous system. |journal=Oncogene |volume=14 |issue= 4 |pages= 439–49 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9053841 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1200849
*cite journal | author=Morris SW, Naeve C, Mathew P, "et al." |title=ALK, the chromosome 2 gene locus altered by the t(2;5) in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, encodes a novel neural receptor tyrosine kinase that is highly related to leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK) |journal=Oncogene |volume=14 |issue= 18 |pages= 2175–88 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9174053 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1201062
*cite journal | author=Bai RY, Dieter P, Peschel C, "et al." |title=Nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase of large-cell anaplastic lymphoma is a constitutively active tyrosine kinase that utilizes phospholipase C-gamma to mediate its mitogenicity. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=18 |issue= 12 |pages= 6951–61 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9819383 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Hernández L, Pinyol M, Hernández S, "et al." |title=TRK-fused gene (TFG) is a new partner of ALK in anaplastic large cell lymphoma producing two structurally different TFG-ALK translocations. |journal=Blood |volume=94 |issue= 9 |pages= 3265–8 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10556217 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Souttou B, Carvalho NB, Raulais D, Vigny M |title=Activation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase receptor tyrosine kinase induces neuronal differentiation through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 12 |pages= 9526–31 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11121404 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M007333200
*cite journal | author=Stoica GE, Kuo A, Aigner A, "et al." |title=Identification of anaplastic lymphoma kinase as a receptor for the growth factor pleiotrophin. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 20 |pages= 16772–9 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11278720 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M010660200
*cite journal | author=Simonitsch I, Polgar D, Hajek M, "et al." |title=The cytoplasmic truncated receptor tyrosine kinase ALK homodimer immortalizes and cooperates with ras in cellular transformation. |journal=FASEB J. |volume=15 |issue= 8 |pages= 1416–8 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11387242 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Powers C, Aigner A, Stoica GE, "et al." |title=Pleiotrophin signaling through anaplastic lymphoma kinase is rate-limiting for glioblastoma growth. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 16 |pages= 14153–8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11809760 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M112354200
*cite journal | author=Zamo A, Chiarle R, Piva R, "et al." |title=Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) activates Stat3 and protects hematopoietic cells from cell death. |journal=Oncogene |volume=21 |issue= 7 |pages= 1038–47 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11850821 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1205152
*cite journal | author=Passoni L, Scardino A, Bertazzoli C, "et al." |title=ALK as a novel lymphoma-associated tumor antigen: identification of 2 HLA-A2.1-restricted CD8+ T-cell epitopes. |journal=Blood |volume=99 |issue= 6 |pages= 2100–6 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11877285 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Bonvini P, Gastaldi T, Falini B, Rosolen A |title=Nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK), a novel Hsp90-client tyrosine kinase: down-regulation of NPM-ALK expression and tyrosine phosphorylation in ALK(+) CD30(+) lymphoma cells by the Hsp90 antagonist 17-allylamino,17-demethoxygeldanamycin. |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=62 |issue= 5 |pages= 1559–66 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11888936 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Hernández L, Beà S, Bellosillo B, "et al." |title=Diversity of genomic breakpoints in TFG-ALK translocations in anaplastic large cell lymphomas: identification of a new TFG-ALK(XL) chimeric gene with transforming activity. |journal=Am. J. Pathol. |volume=160 |issue= 4 |pages= 1487–94 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11943732 |doi=
*cite journal | author=ten Berge RL, Meijer CJ, Dukers DF, "et al." |title=Expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins predict clinical outcome in anaplastic large cell lymphoma. |journal=Blood |volume=99 |issue= 12 |pages= 4540–6 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12036886 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Cools J, Wlodarska I, Somers R, "et al." |title=Identification of novel fusion partners of ALK, the anaplastic lymphoma kinase, in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. |journal=Genes Chromosomes Cancer |volume=34 |issue= 4 |pages= 354–62 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12112524 |doi= 10.1002/gcc.10033
*cite journal | author=Dirks WG, Fähnrich S, Lis Y, "et al." |title=Expression and functional analysis of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene in tumor cell lines. |journal=Int. J. Cancer |volume=100 |issue= 1 |pages= 49–56 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12115586 |doi= 10.1002/ijc.10435

External links

*
* [http://www.nextbio.com/b/home/home.nb?q=ALK ALK Correlations, Experiments, Publications and Clinical Trials]

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