CD19

CD19 (Cluster of Differentiation 19), is a human protein encoded by the gene|CD19 gene.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CD19 CD19 molecule| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=930| accessdate = ]

PBB_Summary
section_title =
summary_text = Lymphocytes proliferate and differentiate in response to various concentrations of different antigens. The ability of the B cell to respond in a specific, yet sensitive manner to the various antigens is achieved with the use of low-affinity antigen receptors. This gene encodes a cell surface molecule which assembles with the antigen receptor of B lymphocytes in order to decrease the threshold for antigen receptor-dependent stimulation.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CD19 CD19 molecule| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=930| accessdate = ]

CD19 is expressed on follicular dendritic cells and B cells. In fact, it is present on B cells from earliest recognizable B-lineage cells during development to B-cell blasts but is lost on maturation to plasma cells.

It primarily acts as a B cell co-receptor in conjunction with CD21 and CD81.

Upon activation, the cytoplasmic tail of CD19 becomes phosphorylated which leads to binding by Src-family kinases and recruitment of PI-3 kinase.

References

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Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Ishikawa H, Tsuyama N, Mahmoud MS, "et al." |title=CD19 expression and growth inhibition of tumours in human multiple myeloma. |journal=Leuk. Lymphoma |volume=43 |issue= 3 |pages= 613–6 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12002767 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Zhou LJ, Ord DC, Omori SA, Tedder TF |title=Structure of the genes encoding the CD19 antigen of human and mouse B lymphocytes. |journal=Immunogenetics |volume=35 |issue= 2 |pages= 102–11 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1370948 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Carter RH, Fearon DT |title=CD19: lowering the threshold for antigen receptor stimulation of B lymphocytes. |journal=Science |volume=256 |issue= 5053 |pages= 105–7 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1373518 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kozmik Z, Wang S, Dörfler P, "et al." |title=The promoter of the CD19 gene is a target for the B-cell-specific transcription factor BSAP. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=12 |issue= 6 |pages= 2662–72 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1375324 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Bradbury LE, Kansas GS, Levy S, "et al." |title=The CD19/CD21 signal transducing complex of human B lymphocytes includes the target of antiproliferative antibody-1 and Leu-13 molecules. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=149 |issue= 9 |pages= 2841–50 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1383329 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Matsumoto AK, Kopicky-Burd J, Carter RH, "et al." |title=Intersection of the complement and immune systems: a signal transduction complex of the B lymphocyte-containing complement receptor type 2 and CD19. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=173 |issue= 1 |pages= 55–64 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1702139 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Zhou LJ, Ord DC, Hughes AL, Tedder TF |title=Structure and domain organization of the CD19 antigen of human, mouse, and guinea pig B lymphocytes. Conservation of the extensive cytoplasmic domain. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=147 |issue= 4 |pages= 1424–32 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1714482 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Stamenkovic I, Seed B |title=CD19, the earliest differentiation antigen of the B cell lineage, bears three extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains and an Epstein-Barr virus-related cytoplasmic tail. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=168 |issue= 3 |pages= 1205–10 |year= 1988 |pmid= 2459292 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Tedder TF, Isaacs CM |title=Isolation of cDNAs encoding the CD19 antigen of human and mouse B lymphocytes. A new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=143 |issue= 2 |pages= 712–7 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2472450 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Ord DC, Edelhoff S, Dushkin H, "et al." |title=CD19 maps to a region of conservation between human chromosome 16 and mouse chromosome 7. |journal=Immunogenetics |volume=39 |issue= 5 |pages= 322–8 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7513297 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Weng WK, Jarvis L, LeBien TW |title=Signaling through CD19 activates Vav/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and induces formation of a CD19/Vav/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex in human B cell precursors. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=269 |issue= 51 |pages= 32514–21 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7528218 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Myers DE, Jun X, Waddick KG, "et al." |title=Membrane-associated CD19-LYN complex is an endogenous p53-independent and Bc1-2-independent regulator of apoptosis in human B-lineage lymphoma cells. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=92 |issue= 21 |pages= 9575–9 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7568175 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Chalupny NJ, Aruffo A, Esselstyn JM, "et al." |title=Specific binding of Fyn and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to the B cell surface glycoprotein CD19 through their src homology 2 domains. |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=25 |issue= 10 |pages= 2978–84 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7589101 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Tuscano JM, Engel P, Tedder TF, "et al." |title=Involvement of p72syk kinase, p53/56lyn kinase and phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase in signal transduction via the human B lymphocyte antigen CD22. |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=26 |issue= 6 |pages= 1246–52 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8647200 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Carter RH, Doody GM, Bolen JB, Fearon DT |title=Membrane IgM-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of CD19 requires a CD19 domain that mediates association with components of the B cell antigen receptor complex. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=158 |issue= 7 |pages= 3062–9 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9120258 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Husson H, Mograbi B, Schmid-Antomarchi H, "et al." |title=CSF-1 stimulation induces the formation of a multiprotein complex including CSF-1 receptor, c-Cbl, PI 3-kinase, Crk-II and Grb2. |journal=Oncogene |volume=14 |issue= 19 |pages= 2331–8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9178909 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1201074
*cite journal | author=Khine AA, Firtel M, Lingwood CA |title=CD77-dependent retrograde transport of CD19 to the nuclear membrane: functional relationship between CD77 and CD19 during germinal center B-cell apoptosis. |journal=J. Cell. Physiol. |volume=176 |issue= 2 |pages= 281–92 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9648915 |doi= 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(199808)176:2<281::AID-JCP6>3.0.CO;2-K |doilabel=10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(199808)176:2281::AID-JCP63.0.CO;2-K
*cite journal | author=Thunberg U, Gidlöf C, Bånghagen M, "et al." |title=HpaII polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism in the human CD19 gene on 16p11. |journal=Hum. Hered. |volume=48 |issue= 4 |pages= 230–1 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9694255 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Horváth G, Serru V, Clay D, "et al." |title=CD19 is linked to the integrin-associated tetraspans CD9, CD81, and CD82. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=273 |issue= 46 |pages= 30537–43 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9804823 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Buhl AM, Cambier JC |title=Phosphorylation of CD19 Y484 and Y515, and linked activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, are required for B cell antigen receptor-mediated activation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=162 |issue= 8 |pages= 4438–46 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10201980 |doi=

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