CD154

CD154, also called CD40 ligand or CD40L, is a protein that is primarily expressed on activated T cells and is a member of the TNF family of molecules. It binds to CD40 on antigen-presenting cells (APC), which leads to many effects depending on the target cell type. In general, CD40L plays the role of a costimulatory molecule and induces activation in APC in association with T cell receptor stimulation by MHC molecules on the APC. PBB_Summary
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summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is expressed on the surface of T cells. It regulates B cell function by engaging CD40 on the B cell surface. A defect in this gene results in an inability to undergo immunoglobulin class switch and is associated with hyper-IgM syndrome. [cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CD40LG CD40 ligand (TNF superfamily, member 5, hyper-IgM syndrome)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=959| accessdate = ]

Expression of CD154

CD40 ligand is primarily expressed on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes but is also found in a soluble form. While CD40L was originally described on T lymphocytes, its expression has since been found on a wide variety of cells, including platelets, mast cells, macrophages, basophils, NK cells, B lymphocytes, as well as non-haematopoietic cells (smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells) [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=11229815&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum] .

pecific effects on cells

Macrophages

In the macrophage, the primary signal for activation is IFN-γ from Th1 type CD4 T cells. The secondary signal is CD40L on the T cell, which binds CD40 on the macrophage cell surface. As a result, the macrophage expresses more CD40 and TNF receptors on its surface, which helps increase the level of activation. The activated macrophage can then destroy phagocytosed bacteria and produce more cytokines.

B cells

The B cell can present antigens to helper T cells. If the T cell recognizes the peptide presented by the B cell, the T cell synthesizes CD40L. The CD40L binds to the B cell's CD40 receptor, causing resting B cell activation. The T cell also produces IL-4, which directly binds to B cell receptors. As a result of this interaction, the B cell can undergo division, antibody isotype switching, and differentiation to plasma cells. The end-result is a B cell that is able to mass-produce specific antibodies against an antigenic target.

References

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Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Tong AW, Stone MJ |title=CD40 and the effect of anti-CD40-binding on human multiple myeloma clonogenicity. |journal=Leuk. Lymphoma |volume=21 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 1–8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8907262 |doi=
*cite journal | author=van Kooten C, Banchereau J |title=CD40-CD40 ligand. |journal=J. Leukoc. Biol. |volume=67 |issue= 1 |pages= 2–17 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10647992 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Schattner EJ |title=CD40 ligand in CLL pathogenesis and therapy. |journal=Leuk. Lymphoma |volume=37 |issue= 5-6 |pages= 461–72 |year= 2003 |pmid= 11042507 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Bhushan A, Covey LR |title=CD40:CD40L interactions in X-linked and non-X-linked hyper-IgM syndromes. |journal=Immunol. Res. |volume=24 |issue= 3 |pages= 311–24 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11817328 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Cheng G, Schoenberger SP |title=CD40 signaling and autoimmunity. |journal=Curr. Dir. Autoimmun. |volume=5 |issue= |pages= 51–61 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11826760 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Subauste CS |title=CD154 and type-1 cytokine response: from hyper IgM syndrome to human immunodeficiency virus infection. |journal=J. Infect. Dis. |volume=185 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages= S83–9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11865444 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kornbluth RS |title=An expanding role for CD40L and other tumor necrosis factor superfamily ligands in HIV infection. |journal=J. Hematother. Stem Cell Res. |volume=11 |issue= 5 |pages= 787–801 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12427285 |doi= 10.1089/152581602760404595
*cite journal | author=Xu Y, Song G |title=The role of CD40-CD154 interaction in cell immunoregulation. |journal=J. Biomed. Sci. |volume=11 |issue= 4 |pages= 426–38 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15153777 |doi= 10.1159/000077892

External links

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