TLR 4

Toll-like receptor 4, also known as TLR4, is a human gene. TLR 4 is a toll-like receptor. It detects lipopolysaccharide on Gram-negative bacteria and is thus important in the activation of the innate immune system. TLR4 has also been designated as CD284 (cluster of differentiation 284).

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summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This receptor is most abundantly expressed in placenta, and in myelomonocytic subpopulation of the leukocytes. It has been implicated in signal transduction events induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) found in most gram-negative bacteria. Mutations in this gene have been associated with differences in LPS responsiveness. Also, several transcript variants of this gene have been found, but the protein coding potential of most of them is uncertain. [cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TLR4 toll-like receptor 4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7099| accessdate = ]

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Lien E, Ingalls RR |title=Toll-like receptors. |journal=Crit. Care Med. |volume=30 |issue= 1 Suppl |pages= S1–11 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11782555 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Raetz CR, Whitfield C |title=Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins. |journal=Annu. Rev. Biochem. |volume=71 |issue= |pages= 635–700 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12045108 |doi= 10.1146/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135414
*cite journal | author=Lin WJ, Yeh WC |title=Implication of Toll-like receptor and tumor necrosis factor alpha signaling in septic shock. |journal=Shock |volume=24 |issue= 3 |pages= 206–9 |year= 2005 |pmid= 16135957 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Lorenz E |title=TLR2 and TLR4 expression during bacterial infections. |journal=Curr. Pharm. Des. |volume=12 |issue= 32 |pages= 4185–93 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17100621 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Stoll LL, Denning GM, Weintraub NL |title=Endotoxin, TLR4 signaling and vascular inflammation: potential therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease. |journal=Curr. Pharm. Des. |volume=12 |issue= 32 |pages= 4229–45 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17100625 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Rousseaux C, Desreumaux P |title= [The peroxisome-proliferator-activated gamma receptor and chronic inflammatory bowel disease (PPARgamma and IBD)] |journal=J. Soc. Biol. |volume=200 |issue= 2 |pages= 121–31 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17151549 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Szabo G, Dolganiuc A, Dai Q, Pruett SB |title=TLR4, ethanol, and lipid rafts: a new mechanism of ethanol action with implications for other receptor-mediated effects. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=178 |issue= 3 |pages= 1243–9 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17237368 |doi=

External links

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