OPN3

Opsin 3
Identifiers
Symbols	OPN3; ECPN
External IDs	OMIM: 606695 MGI: 1338022 HomoloGene: 40707 GeneCards: OPN3 Gene
Gene Ontology Molecular function • G-protein coupled receptor activity • G-protein coupled photoreceptor activity • photoreceptor activity Cellular component • integral to plasma membrane • membrane • integral to membrane Biological process • G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway • visual perception • phototransduction • detection of light stimulus • detection of visible light • protein-chromophore linkage • regulation of circadian rhythm • response to stimulus Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	23596	13603
Ensembl	ENSG00000054277	ENSMUSG00000026525
UniProt	Q9H1Y3	Q3KR48
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001030011	NM_010098.2
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001025182	NP_034228.1
Location (UCSC)	Chr 1: 241.75 – 241.84 Mb	Chr 1: 177.59 – 177.62 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Opsin-3 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the OPN3 gene.^[1][2][3] Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms.

Function

Opsins are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. In addition to the visual opsins, mammals possess several photoreceptive non-visual opsins that are expressed in tissues outside the eye. The opsin-3 gene is strongly expressed in brain and testis and weakly expressed in liver, placenta, heart, lung, skeletal muscle, kidney, and pancreas. The gene may also be expressed in the retina. The protein has the canonical features of a photoreceptive opsin protein.^[3]

References

1. ^ Blackshaw S, Snyder SH (Jun 1999). "Encephalopsin: a novel mammalian extraretinal opsin discretely localized in the brain". J Neurosci 19 (10): 3681–90. PMID 10234000. 
2. ^ Halford S, Freedman MS, Bellingham J, Inglis SL, Poopalasundaram S, Soni BG, Foster RG, Hunt DM; Freedman (Jun 2001). "Characterization of a novel human opsin gene with wide tissue expression and identification of embedded and flanking genes on chromosome 1q43". Genomics 72 (2): 203–8. doi:10.1006/geno.2001.6469. PMID 11401433. 
3. ^ ^{a b} "Entrez Gene: OPN3 opsin 3 (encephalopsin, panopsin)". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=23596. 

Further reading

• Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Res. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548. 
• Halford S, Bellingham J, Ocaka L et al. (2002). "Assignment of panopsin (OPN3) to human chromosome band 1q43 by in situ hybridization and somatic cell hybrids". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 95 (3–4): 234–5. doi:10.1159/000059351. PMID 12063405. 
• Kasper G, Taudien S, Staub E et al. (2003). "Different structural organization of the encephalopsin gene in man and mouse". Gene 295 (1): 27–32. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00799-0. PMID 12242008. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241. 
• Alam NA, Gorman P, Jaeger EE et al. (2004). "Germline deletions of EXO1 do not cause colorectal tumors and lesions which are null for EXO1 do not have microsatellite instability". Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 147 (2): 121–7. doi:10.1016/S0165-4608(03)00196-1. PMID 14623461. 
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928. 
• Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE et al. (2006). "The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1". Nature 441 (7091): 315–21. doi:10.1038/nature04727. PMID 16710414. 

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

Metabolites and
signaling molecules

Eicosanoid	CysLT (1, 2) · LTB4 (1, 2) · FPRL1 · OXE · Prostaglandin (DP (1, 2), EP (1, 2, 3, 4), FP) · Prostacyclin · Thromboxane
Other	Bile acid · Cannabinoid (CB1, CB2, GPR (18, 55, 119)) · EBI2 · Estrogen · Free fatty acid (1, 2, 3, 4) · Lactate  · Lysophosphatidic acid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)  · Lysophospholipid (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) · Niacin (1, 2) · Oxoglutarate · PAF · Sphingosine-1-phosphate (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) · Succinate

Peptide

Neuropeptide	B/W (1, 2) · FF (1, 2) · S · Y (1, 2, 4, 5) · Neuromedin (B, U (1, 2)) · Neurotensin (1, 2)
Other	Anaphylatoxin (C3a, C5a) · Angiotensin (1, 2) · Apelin · Bombesin (BRS3, GRPR, NMBR) · Bradykinin (B1, B2) · Chemokine · Cholecystokinin (A, B) · Endothelin (A, B) · Formyl peptide (1, 2, 3) · FSH · Galanin (1, 2, 3) · GHB receptor · Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (1, 2) · Ghrelin · Kisspeptin · Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin · MAS (1, 1L, D, E, F, G, X1, X2, X3, X4) · Melanocortin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) · MCHR (1, 2) · Motilin · Opioid (Delta, Kappa, Mu, Nociceptin & Zeta, but not Sigma) · Orexin (1, 2) · Oxytocin · Prokineticin (1, 2) · Prolactin-releasing peptide · Relaxin (1, 2, 3, 4) · Somatostatin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) · Tachykinin (1, 2, 3) · Thyrotropin · Thyrotropin-releasing hormone · Urotensin-II · Vasopressin (1A, 1B, 2)

Miscellaneous

Orphan	GPR (1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 42, 44, 45, 50, 52, 55, 61, 62, 63, 65, 68, 75, 77, 78, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 101, 103, 109A, 109B, 119, 120, 132, 135, 137B, 139, 141, 142, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 160, 161, 162, 171, 173, 174, 176, 177, 182, 183)
Other	Adrenomedullin · Olfactory · Opsin (3, 4, 5, 1LW, 1MW, 1SW, RGR, RRH) · Protease-activated (1, 2, 3, 4) · SREB (1, 2, 3)

Class B: Secretin like

Orphan	GPR (56, 64, 97, 98, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 133, 143, 144, 155, 157)
Other	Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (1, 2, 3) · Cadherin (1, 2, 3) · Calcitonin · CALCRL · CD97 · Corticotropin-releasing hormone (1, 2) · EMR (1, 2, 3) · Glucagon (GR, GIPR, GLP1R, GLP2R) · Growth hormone releasing hormone · PACAPR1 · GPR · Latrophilin (1, 2, 3, ELTD1) · Methuselah-like proteins · Parathyroid hormone (1, 2) · Secretin · Vasoactive intestinal peptide (1, 2)

Class C: Metabotropic
glutamate / pheromone

Taste	TAS1R (1, 2, 3) · TAS2R (1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 30, 31, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 50)
Other	Calcium-sensing receptor · GABA B (1, 2) · Glutamate receptor (Metabotropic glutamate (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)) · GPRC6A · GPR (156, 158, 179) · RAIG (1, 2, 3, 4)

Class F:
Frizzled / Smoothened

Frizzled	Frizzled (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)
Smoothened	Smoothened

B trdu: iter (nrpl/grfl/cytl/horl), csrc (lgic, enzr, gprc, igsr, intg, nrpr/grfr/cytr), itra (adap, gbpr, mapk), calc, lipd; path (hedp, wntp, tgfp+mapp, notp, jakp, fsap, hipp, tlrp)