Angiotensin receptor

protein
Name = angiotensin II receptor, type 1
caption =


width =
HGNCid = 336
Symbol = AGTR1
AltSymbols = AGTR1B
EntrezGene = 185
OMIM = 106165
RefSeq = NM_000685
UniProt = P30556
PDB =
ECnumber =
Chromosome = 3
Arm = q
Band = 21
LocusSupplementaryData = -q25protein
Name = angiotensin II receptor, type 2
caption =


width =
HGNCid = 338
Symbol = AGTR2
AltSymbols =
EntrezGene = 186
OMIM = 300034
RefSeq = NM_000686
UniProt = P50052
PDB =
ECnumber =
Chromosome = X
Arm = q
Band = 22
LocusSupplementaryData = -q23The angiotensin receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors with angiotensins as ligands.cite journal | author = de Gasparo M, Catt KJ, Inagami T, Wright JW, Unger T | title = International union of pharmacology. XXIII. The angiotensin II receptors | journal = Pharmacol. Rev. | volume = 52 | issue = 3 | pages = 415–72 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10977869 | doi = | issn = | url = http://pharmrev.aspetjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/52/3/415 ] They are important in the renin-angiotensin system: they are responsible for the signal transduction of the main effector hormone.cite journal | author = Higuchi S, Ohtsu H, Suzuki H, Shirai H, Frank GD, Eguchi S | title = Angiotensin II signal transduction through the AT1 receptor: novel insights into mechanisms and pathophysiology | journal = Clin. Sci. | volume = 112 | issue = 8 | pages = 417–28 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17346243 | doi = 10.1042/CS20060342 ]

tructure

The AT₁ and AT₂ receptors share a sequence identity of ~30%, but have a similar affinity for angiotensin II, which is their main ligand.

Members

Overview table

AT₁

The AT₁ receptor is the best elucidated angiotensin receptor.

Mechanism

The angiotensin receptor is activated by the vasoconstricting peptide angiotensin II. The activated receptor in turn couples to G_q/11 and G_i/o and thus activates phospholipase C and increases the cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentrations, which in turn triggers cellular responses such as stimulation of protein kinase C. Activated receptor also inhibits adenylate cyclase and activates various tyrosine kinases.

Effects

Effects mediated by the AT₁ receptor include vasoconstriction, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, increased vasopressin secretion, cardiac hypertrophy, augmentation of peripheral noradrenergic activity, vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation, decreased renal blood flow, renal renin inhibition, renal tubular sodium reuptake, modulation of central sympathetic nervous system activity, cardiac contractility, central osmocontrol and extracellular matrix formation.cite journal | author = Catt KJ, Mendelsohn FA, Millan MA, Aguilera G | title = The role of angiotensin II receptors in vascular regulation | journal = J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. | volume = 6 Suppl 4 | issue = | pages = S575–86 | year = 1984 | pmid = 6083400 | doi = | issn = ]

AT₂

AT₂ receptors are more plentiful in the fetus and neonate. Effects mediated by the AT₂ receptor include inhibition of cell growth, fetal tissue development, modulation of extracellular matrix, neuronal regeneration, apoptosis, cellular differentiation and maybe vasodilation.

AT₃ and AT₄

Other poorly characterized subtypes include the AT₃ and AT₄ receptors. The AT₄ receptor is activated by the angiotensin II metabolite angiotensin IV, and may play a role in regulation of the CNS extracellular matrix.

ee also

* Angiotensin II receptor antagonist

References

External links

* [http://www.iuphar-db.org/GPCR/ChapterMenuForward?chapterID=1277 IUPHAR GPCR Database - Angiotensin Receptors]
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