Phospholipase

Phospholipase

A phospholipase is an enzyme that converts phospholipids into fatty acids and other lipophilic substances. There are four major classes, termed A, B, C and D distinguished by what type of reaction they catalyze:

* Phospholipase A
** Phospholipase A1 - cleaves the SN-1 acyl chain
** Phospholipase A2 - cleaves the SN-2 acyl chain
* Phospholipase B - cleaves both SN-1 and SN-2 acyl chains, also known as a lysophospholipase.
* Phospholipase C - cleaves before the phosphate, releasing diacylglycerol and a phosphate-containing head group. Phospholipase Cs play a central role in signal transduction, releasing the second messenger Inositol triphosphate.
* Phospholipase D - cleaves after the phosphate, releasing phosphatidic acid and an alcohol.

Types C and D are considered phosphodiesterases.

Phospolipase A2 acts on intact lecithin molecule and hydrolyses the fatty acid esterified to the second carbon atom.the product formed is lysolecithin and fatty acid. lysolecithin is an enzyme present in the venom of the viper snakes.source: textbook of biochemistry by DM Vasudevan and S Sreekumari 5th edition.

ee also

*Patatin-like phospholipase
*Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy

External links

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Look at other dictionaries:

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  • Phospholipase C — is a class of enzymes that cleave phospholipids just before the phosphate group (see Figure). It is most commonly taken to be synonymous with the human forms of this enzyme, EC number|3.1.4.11, which plays an important role in eukaryotic cell… …   Wikipedia

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  • Phospholipase D — protein Name=phospholipase D1, phosphatidylcholine specific caption= width= HGNCid=9067 Symbol=PLD1 AltSymbols= EntrezGene=5337 OMIM=602382 RefSeq=NM 002662 UniProt=Q13393 PDB= ECnumber= Chromosome=3 Arm=q Band=26 LocusSupplementaryData=protein… …   Wikipedia

  • Phospholipase A1 — protein Name=phospholipase A1 member A caption= width= HGNCid=17661 Symbol=PLA1A AltSymbols= EntrezGene=51365 OMIM=607460 RefSeq=NM 015900 UniProt=Q53H76 PDB= ECnumber=3.1.1.32 Chromosome=3 Arm=q Band=13.13 LocusSupplementaryData=… …   Wikipedia

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