- Lysophospholipid receptor
The Lysophospholipid receptor (LPL-R) group are members of the
G protein-coupled receptor family ofintegral membrane protein s that are important forlipid signaling .cite journal |author=Chun J, Goetzl EJ, Hla T, Igarashi Y, Lynch KR, Moolenaar W, Pyne S, Tigyi G |title=International Union of Pharmacology. XXXIV. Lysophospholipid receptor nomenclature|journal=Pharmacol Rev |volume= 54 |issue= 2|pages=265–9 |year= 2002 | pmid = 12037142 |doi=10.1124/pr.54.2.265] In humans there are eight LPL receptors, each encoded by a separate gene. These LPL receptor genes are also sometimes referred to as "Edg” (an acronym for endothelial differentiation gene).Ligands
The ligands for LPL-R group are the lysophospholipid extracellular signaling molecules,
lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) andsphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P).Origin of name
The term 'lysophospholipid' (LPL) refers to any
phospholipid that is missing one of its two O-acyl chains. Thus, LPLs have a free alcohol in either the sn-1 or sn-2 position. The prefix 'lyso-' comes from the fact that lysophospholipids were originally found to be hemolytic however it is now used to refer generally to phospholipids missing an acyl chain. LPLs are usually the result ofphospholipase A -type enzymatic activity on regular phospholipids such asphosphatidylcholine orphosphatidic acid , although they can also be generated by the acylation of glycerophospholipids or the phosphorylation of monoacylglycerols. Some LPLs serve important signaling functions such aslysophosphatidic acid .Function
LPL receptor ligands bind to and activate their
cognate receptors located in the cell membrane. Depending on which ligand, receptor, and cell type is involved, the activated receptor can have a range of effects on the cell. These include primary effects of inhibition ofadenylyl cyclase and release ofcalcium from theendoplasmic reticulum , as well as secondary effects of preventingapoptosis and increasingcell proliferation .cite journal |author=Meyer zu Heringdorf D, Jakobs KH |title=Lysophospholipid receptors: signalling, pharmacology and regulation by lysophospholipid metabolism |journal=Biochim Biophys Acta |volume= 1768 |issue= 4|pages=923–40 |year= 2007 | doi = 10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.09.026 | pmid = 17078925]Group members
The following is a list of the eight known human LPL receptors:
ee also
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Lipid signaling References
reflist
External links
* [http://www.iuphar-db.org/GPCR/ChapterMenuForward?chapterID=1338 IUPHAR GPCR Database - Lysophospholipid receptors]
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