Growth hormone secretagogue receptor

Growth hormone secretagogue receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor which binds ghrelin.cite journal | author = Davenport AP, Bonner TI, Foord SM, Harmar AJ, Neubig RR, Pin JP, Spedding M, Kojima M, Kangawa K | title = International Union of Pharmacology. LVI. Ghrelin receptor nomenclature, distribution, and function | journal = Pharmacol. Rev. | volume = 57 | issue = 4 | pages = 541–6 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16382107 | doi = 10.1124/pr.57.4.1 | issn =

] PBB_Summary
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summary_text =This gene encodes a member of the G-protein coupled receptor family. The encoded protein may play a role in energy homeostasis and regulation of body weight.cite journal |author=Pazos Y, Casanueva FF, Camiña JP |title=Basic aspects of ghrelin action |journal=Vitam. Horm. |volume=77 |issue= |pages=89–119 |year=2007 |pmid=17983854 |doi=10.1016/S0083-6729(06)77005-4] GHSR1a regulates the activation of the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase, Akt, nitric oxide synthase, and AMPK cascades in different cellular systems. One of the important features of GHSR1a displays constitutive activity possessing basal activity in the absence of an agonist, resulting in a high degree of receptor internalization as well as of signaling activity. Inverse agonists for the ghrelin receptor could be particularly interesting for the treatment of obesity. [cite journal |author=Holst B, Cygankiewicz A, Jensen TH, Ankersen M, Schwartz TW |title=High constitutive signaling of the ghrelin receptor--identification of a potent inverse agonist |journal=Mol. Endocrinol. |volume=17 |issue=11 |pages=2201–10 |year=2003 |pmid=12907757 |doi=10.1210/me.2003-0069] This activity seems to provide a tonic signal required for the development of normal height, probably through an effect on the GH axis.Two identified transcript variants are expressed in several tissues and are evolutionary conserved in fish and swine. One transcript, 1a, excises an intron and encodes the functional protein; this protein is the receptor for the Ghrelin ligand and defines a neuroendocrine pathway for growth hormone release. The second transcript (1b) retains the intron and does not function as a receptor for Ghrelin; however, it may function to attenuate activity of isoform 1a.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: GHSR growth hormone secretagogue receptor| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2693| accessdate = ]

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Smith RG, Leonard R, Bailey AR, "et al." |title=Growth hormone secretagogue receptor family members and ligands. |journal=Endocrine |volume=14 |issue= 1 |pages= 9–14 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11322507 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Petersenn S |title=Structure and regulation of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. |journal=Minerva Endocrinol. |volume=27 |issue= 4 |pages= 243–56 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12511847 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Holst B, Schwartz TW |title=Ghrelin receptor mutations--too little height and too much hunger. |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=116 |issue= 3 |pages= 637–41 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16511600 |doi= 10.1172/JCI27999
*cite journal | author=Nogueiras R, Perez-Tilve D, Wortley KE, Tschöp M |title=Growth hormone secretagogue (ghrelin-) receptors--a complex drug target for the regulation of body weight. |journal=CNS & neurological disorders drug targets |volume=5 |issue= 3 |pages= 335–43 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16787234 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Engbaek K |title= [Giardia lamblia and other intestinal parasites in children in day-institutions. Incidence and significance] |journal=Ugeskr. Laeg. |volume=140 |issue= 1 |pages= 14–7 |year= 1978 |pmid= 601898 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Howard AD, Feighner SD, Cully DF, "et al." |title=A receptor in pituitary and hypothalamus that functions in growth hormone release. |journal=Science |volume=273 |issue= 5277 |pages= 974–7 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8688086 |doi=
*cite journal | author=McKee KK, Palyha OC, Feighner SD, "et al." |title=Molecular analysis of rat pituitary and hypothalamic growth hormone secretagogue receptors. |journal=Mol. Endocrinol. |volume=11 |issue= 4 |pages= 415–23 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9092793 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kaji H, Tai S, Okimura Y, "et al." |title=Cloning and characterization of the 5'-flanking region of the human growth hormone secretagogue receptor gene. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=273 |issue= 51 |pages= 33885–8 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9852035 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kojima M, Hosoda H, Date Y, "et al." |title=Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. |journal=Nature |volume=402 |issue= 6762 |pages= 656–60 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10604470 |doi= 10.1038/45230
*cite journal | author=Deghenghi R, Papotti M, Ghigo E, Muccioli G |title=Cortistatin, but not somatostatin, binds to growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) receptors of human pituitary gland. |journal=J. Endocrinol. Invest. |volume=24 |issue= 1 |pages= RC1–3 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11227737 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Tannenbaum GS, Bowers CY |title=Interactions of growth hormone secretagogues and growth hormone-releasing hormone/somatostatin. |journal=Endocrine |volume=14 |issue= 1 |pages= 21–7 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11322498 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Petersenn S, Rasch AC, Penshorn M, "et al." |title=Genomic structure and transcriptional regulation of the human growth hormone secretagogue receptor. |journal=Endocrinology |volume=142 |issue= 6 |pages= 2649–59 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11356716 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Shuto Y, Shibasaki T, Otagiri A, "et al." |title=Hypothalamic growth hormone secretagogue receptor regulates growth hormone secretion, feeding, and adiposity. |journal=J. Clin. Invest. |volume=109 |issue= 11 |pages= 1429–36 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12045256 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, "et al." |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899
*cite journal | author=Gaytan F, Barreiro ML, Chopin LK, "et al." |title=Immunolocalization of ghrelin and its functional receptor, the type 1a growth hormone secretagogue receptor, in the cyclic human ovary. |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=88 |issue= 2 |pages= 879–87 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12574228 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Dass NB, Munonyara M, Bassil AK, "et al." |title=Growth hormone secretagogue receptors in rat and human gastrointestinal tract and the effects of ghrelin. |journal=Neuroscience |volume=120 |issue= 2 |pages= 443–53 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12890514 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Lall S, Balthasar N, Carmignac D, "et al." |title=Physiological studies of transgenic mice overexpressing growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor 1A in GH-releasing hormone neurons. |journal=Endocrinology |volume=145 |issue= 4 |pages= 1602–11 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14701677 |doi= 10.1210/en.2003-1509
*cite journal | author=Wang HJ, Geller F, Dempfle A, "et al." |title=Ghrelin receptor gene: identification of several sequence variants in extremely obese children and adolescents, healthy normal-weight and underweight students, and children with short normal stature. |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=89 |issue= 1 |pages= 157–62 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14715843 |doi=

External links

* [http://www.iuphar-db.org/GPCR/ChapterMenuForward?chapterID=1335 IUPHAR GPCR Database - Ghrelin receptor]
*
* [http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/gi/ghrelin.html Gherlin] at Colorado State University

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