Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9
Rendering based on PDB 3E7O.
Available structures PDB 3E7O, 3NPC
Identifiers
Symbols	MAPK9; JNK-55; JNK2; JNK2A; JNK2ALPHA; JNK2B; JNK2BETA; PRKM9; SAPK; p54a; p54aSAPK
External IDs	OMIM: 602896 MGI: 1346862 HomoloGene: 55685 GeneCards: MAPK9 Gene
EC number	2.7.11.24
Gene Ontology Molecular function • nucleotide binding • protein serine/threonine kinase activity • JUN kinase activity • JUN kinase activity • MAP kinase activity • protein binding • ATP binding Cellular component • nucleoplasm • nucleoplasm • cytosol Biological process • toll-like receptor signaling pathway • MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway • MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway • MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway • MyD88-independent toll-like receptor signaling pathway • response to stress • JNK cascade • JNK cascade • JUN phosphorylation • JUN phosphorylation • Toll signaling pathway • positive regulation of gene expression • positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation • induction of apoptosis in response to chemical stimulus • toll-like receptor 1 signaling pathway • toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway • toll-like receptor 3 signaling pathway • toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway • innate immune response • response to cadmium ion • regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity • stress-activated MAPK cascade Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	5601	26420
Ensembl	ENSG00000050748	ENSMUSG00000020366
UniProt	P45984	Q5NCK7
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001135044.1	NM_016961
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001128516.1	NP_058657
Location (UCSC)	Chr 5: 179.66 – 179.72 Mb	Chr 11: 49.66 – 49.7 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK9 gene.^[1]

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase targets specific transcription factors, and thus mediates immediate-early gene expression in response to various cell stimuli. It is most closely related to MAPK8, both of which are involved in UV radiation-induced apoptosis, thought to be related to the cytochrome c-mediated cell death pathway. This gene and MAPK8 are also known as c-Jun N-terminal kinases. This kinase blocks the ubiquitination of tumor suppressor p53, and thus it increases the stability of p53 in nonstressed cells. Studies of this gene's mouse counterpart suggest a key role in T-cell differentiation. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.^[2]

Interactions

Mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 has been shown to interact with TOB1,^[3] Grb2,^[4][5] MAPK8IP2,^[6] P53,^[7][8] MAPK8IP3^[9][10] and MAPK8IP1.^[6][11]

References

1. ^ Kallunki T, Su B, Tsigelny I, Sluss HK, Derijard B, Moore G, Davis R, Karin M (Jan 1995). "JNK2 contains a specificity-determining region responsible for efficient c-Jun binding and phosphorylation". Genes Dev 8 (24): 2996–3007. doi:10.1101/gad.8.24.2996. PMID 8001819. 
2. ^ "Entrez Gene: MAPK9 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5601. 
3. ^ Maekawa, Momoko; Nishida Eisuke, Tanoue Takuji (Oct. 2002). "Identification of the Anti-proliferative protein Tob as a MAPK substrate". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 277 (40): 37783–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204506200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12151396. 
4. ^ Saleem, A; Datta R, Yuan Z M, Kharbanda S, Kufe D (Dec. 1995). "Involvement of stress-activated protein kinase in the cellular response to 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and other DNA-damaging agents". Cell Growth Differ. (UNITED STATES) 6 (12): 1651–8. ISSN 1044-9523. PMID 9019171. 
5. ^ Kharbanda, S; Saleem A, Shafman T, Emoto Y, Taneja N, Rubin E, Weichselbaum R, Woodgett J, Avruch J, Kyriakis J (Aug. 1995). "Ionizing radiation stimulates a Grb2-mediated association of the stress-activated protein kinase with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 270 (32): 18871–4. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.32.18871. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 7642542. 
6. ^ ^{a b} Yasuda, J; Whitmarsh A J, Cavanagh J, Sharma M, Davis R J (Oct. 1999). "The JIP Group of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Scaffold Proteins". Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 19 (10): 7245–54. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 84717. PMID 10490659. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=84717. 
7. ^ Hu, M C; Qiu W R, Wang Y P (Nov. 1997). "JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3 are p53 N-terminal serine 34 kinases". Oncogene (ENGLAND) 15 (19): 2277–87. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201401. ISSN 0950-9232. PMID 9393873. 
8. ^ Lin, Yenshou; Khokhlatchev Andrei, Figeys Daniel, Avruch Joseph (Dec. 2002). "Death-associated protein 4 binds MST1 and augments MST1-induced apoptosis". J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 277 (50): 47991–8001. doi:10.1074/jbc.M202630200. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12384512. 
9. ^ Ito, M; Yoshioka K, Akechi M, Yamashita S, Takamatsu N, Sugiyama K, Hibi M, Nakabeppu Y, Shiba T, Yamamoto K I (Nov. 1999). "JSAP1, a Novel Jun N-Terminal Protein Kinase (JNK)-Binding Protein That Functions as a Scaffold Factor in the JNK Signaling Pathway". Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 19 (11): 7539–48. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 84763. PMID 10523642. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=84763. 
10. ^ Kelkar, N; Gupta S, Dickens M, Davis R J (Feb. 2000). "Interaction of a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Module with the Neuronal Protein JIP3". Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 20 (3): 1030–43. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.3.1030-1043.2000. ISSN 0270-7306. PMC 85220. PMID 10629060. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=85220. 
11. ^ Whitmarsh, A J; Cavanagh J, Tournier C, Yasuda J, Davis R J (Sep. 1998). "A mammalian scaffold complex that selectively mediates MAP kinase activation". Science (UNITED STATES) 281 (5383): 1671–4. doi:10.1126/science.281.5383.1671. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 9733513. 

External Links

• MAP Kinase Resource .

Further reading

• Davis RJ (2000). "Signal transduction by the JNK group of MAP kinases". Cell 103 (2): 239–52. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00116-1. PMID 11057897. 
• Freedman BD, Liu QH, Del Corno M, Collman RG (2004). "HIV-1 gp120 chemokine receptor-mediated signaling in human macrophages". Immunol. Res. 27 (2–3): 261–76. doi:10.1385/IR:27:2-3:261. PMID 12857973. 
• Lee C, Liu QH, Tomkowicz B et al. (2004). "Macrophage activation through CCR5- and CXCR4-mediated gp120-elicited signaling pathways". J. Leukoc. Biol. 74 (5): 676–82. doi:10.1189/jlb.0503206. PMID 12960231. 
• Denys H, Desmet R, Stragier M et al. (1978). "Cystitis emphysematosa". Acta urologica Belgica 45 (4): 327–31. PMID 602896. 
• Dawson SJ, White LA (1992). "Treatment of Haemophilus aphrophilus endocarditis with ciprofloxacin". J. Infect. 24 (3): 317–20. doi:10.1016/S0163-4453(05)80037-4. PMID 1602151. 
• Livingstone C, Patel G, Jones N (1995). "ATF-2 contains a phosphorylation-dependent transcriptional activation domain". EMBO J. 14 (8): 1785–97. PMC 398272. PMID 7737129. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=398272. 
• Sluss HK, Barrett T, Dérijard B, Davis RJ (1994). "Signal transduction by tumor necrosis factor mediated by JNK protein kinases". Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 (12): 8376–84. PMC 359376. PMID 7969172. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=359376. 
• Gille H, Strahl T, Shaw PE (1996). "Activation of ternary complex factor Elk-1 by stress-activated protein kinases". Curr. Biol. 5 (10): 1191–200. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(95)00235-1. PMID 8548291. 
• Chu Y, Solski PA, Khosravi-Far R et al. (1996). "The mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases PAC1, MKP-1, and MKP-2 have unique substrate specificities and reduced activity in vivo toward the ERK2 sevenmaker mutation". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (11): 6497–501. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.11.6497. PMID 8626452. 
• Bocco JL, Bahr A, Goetz J et al. (1996). "In vivo association of ATFa with JNK/SAP kinase activities". Oncogene 12 (9): 1971–80. PMID 8649858. 
• Gupta S, Barrett T, Whitmarsh AJ et al. (1996). "Selective interaction of JNK protein kinase isoforms with transcription factors". EMBO J. 15 (11): 2760–70. PMC 450211. PMID 8654373. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=450211. 
• Kallunki T, Deng T, Hibi M, Karin M (1997). "c-Jun can recruit JNK to phosphorylate dimerization partners via specific docking interactions". Cell 87 (5): 929–39. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81999-6. PMID 8945519. 
• Jabado N, Pallier A, Jauliac S et al. (1997). "gp160 of HIV or anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody ligation of CD4 induces inhibition of JNK and ERK-2 activities in human peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytes". Eur. J. Immunol. 27 (2): 397–404. doi:10.1002/eji.1830270209. PMID 9045910. 
• Janknecht R, Hunter T (1997). "Convergence of MAP kinase pathways on the ternary complex factor Sap-1a". EMBO J. 16 (7): 1620–7. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.7.1620. PMC 1169766. PMID 9130707. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1169766. 
• Fukunaga R, Hunter T (1997). "MNK1, a new MAP kinase-activated protein kinase, isolated by a novel expression screening method for identifying protein kinase substrates". EMBO J. 16 (8): 1921–33. doi:10.1093/emboj/16.8.1921. PMC 1169795. PMID 9155018. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1169795. 
• Chow CW, Rincón M, Cavanagh J et al. (1997). "Nuclear accumulation of NFAT4 opposed by the JNK signal transduction pathway". Science 278 (5343): 1638–41. doi:10.1126/science.278.5343.1638. PMID 9374467. 
• Hu MC, Qiu WR, Wang YP (1997). "JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3 are p53 N-terminal serine 34 kinases". Oncogene 15 (19): 2277–87. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201401. PMID 9393873. 
• Lannuzel A, Barnier JV, Hery C et al. (1998). "Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and its coat protein gp120 induce apoptosis and activate JNK and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases in human neurons". Ann. Neurol. 42 (6): 847–56. doi:10.1002/ana.410420605. PMID 9403476. 
• Fuchs SY, Xie B, Adler V et al. (1998). "c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases target the ubiquitination of their associated transcription factors". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (51): 32163–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.51.32163. PMID 9405416. 

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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