AKT2

V-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2, also known as AKT2, is a human gene.

PBB_Summary
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summary_text = This gene is a putative oncogene encoding a protein belonging to a subfamily of serine/threonine kinases containing SH2-like (Src homology 2-like) domains. The gene was shown to be amplified and overexpressed in 2 of 8 ovarian carcinoma cell lines and 2 of 15 primary ovarian tumors. Overexpression contributes to the malignant phenotype of a subset of human ductal pancreatic cancers. The encoded protein is a general protein kinase capable of phosphorylating several known proteins. [cite web | title = Entrez Gene: AKT2 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=208| accessdate = ] . Mice lacking Akt2 have a normal body mass, but display a profound diabetic phenotype, indicating that Akt2 plays a key role in signal transduction downstream of the insulin receptor. Mice lacking Akt2 show worse outcome in breast cancer initaited by the large T antigen as well as the neu oncogene.

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Cheng JQ, Godwin AK, Bellacosa A, "et al." |title=AKT2, a putative oncogene encoding a member of a subfamily of protein-serine/threonine kinases, is amplified in human ovarian carcinomas. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=89 |issue= 19 |pages= 9267–71 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1409633 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Jones PF, Jakubowicz T, Hemmings BA |title=Molecular cloning of a second form of rac protein kinase. |journal=Cell Regul. |volume=2 |issue= 12 |pages= 1001–9 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1801921 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Staal SP |title=Molecular cloning of the akt oncogene and its human homologues AKT1 and AKT2: amplification of AKT1 in a primary human gastric adenocarcinoma. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=84 |issue= 14 |pages= 5034–7 |year= 1987 |pmid= 3037531 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Cheng JQ, Ruggeri B, Klein WM, "et al." |title=Amplification of AKT2 in human pancreatic cells and inhibition of AKT2 expression and tumorigenicity by antisense RNA. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=93 |issue= 8 |pages= 3636–41 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8622988 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Meier R, Alessi DR, Cron P, "et al." |title=Mitogenic activation, phosphorylation, and nuclear translocation of protein kinase Bbeta. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 48 |pages= 30491–7 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9374542 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Borgatti P, Zauli G, Colamussi ML, "et al." |title=Extracellular HIV-1 Tat protein activates phosphatidylinositol 3- and Akt/PKB kinases in CD4+ T lymphoblastoid Jurkat cells. |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=27 |issue= 11 |pages= 2805–11 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9394803 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Walker KS, Deak M, Paterson A, "et al." |title=Activation of protein kinase B beta and gamma isoforms by insulin in vivo and by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 in vitro: comparison with protein kinase B alpha. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=331 ( Pt 1) |issue= |pages= 299–308 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9512493 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Joel PB, Smith J, Sturgill TW, "et al." |title=pp90rsk1 regulates estrogen receptor-mediated transcription through phosphorylation of Ser-167. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=18 |issue= 4 |pages= 1978–84 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9528769 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Delcommenne M, Tan C, Gray V, "et al." |title=Phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase-dependent regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 and protein kinase B/AKT by the integrin-linked kinase. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=95 |issue= 19 |pages= 11211–6 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9736715 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Mitsuuchi Y, Johnson SW, Sonoda G, "et al." |title=Identification of a chromosome 3p14.3-21.1 gene, APPL, encoding an adaptor molecule that interacts with the oncoprotein-serine/threonine kinase AKT2. |journal=Oncogene |volume=18 |issue= 35 |pages= 4891–8 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10490823 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1203080
*cite journal | author=Masure S, Haefner B, Wesselink JJ, "et al." |title=Molecular cloning, expression and characterization of the human serine/threonine kinase Akt-3. |journal=Eur. J. Biochem. |volume=265 |issue= 1 |pages= 353–60 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10491192 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Meucci O, Fatatis A, Simen AA, Miller RJ |title=Expression of CX3CR1 chemokine receptors on neurons and their role in neuronal survival. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=97 |issue= 14 |pages= 8075–80 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10869418 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.090017497
*cite journal | author=Laine J, Künstle G, Obata T, "et al." |title=The protooncogene TCL1 is an Akt kinase coactivator. |journal=Mol. Cell |volume=6 |issue= 2 |pages= 395–407 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10983986 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Campbell RA, Bhat-Nakshatri P, Patel NM, "et al." |title=Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT-mediated activation of estrogen receptor alpha: a new model for anti-estrogen resistance. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 13 |pages= 9817–24 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11139588 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M010840200
*cite journal | author=Zauli G, Milani D, Mirandola P, "et al." |title=HIV-1 Tat protein down-regulates CREB transcription factor expression in PC12 neuronal cells through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/cyclic nucleoside phosphodiesterase pathway. |journal=FASEB J. |volume=15 |issue= 2 |pages= 483–91 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11156964 |doi= 10.1096/fj.00-0354com
*cite journal | author=Kapasi AA, Fan S, Singhal PC |title=Role of 14-3-3epsilon, c-Myc/Max, and Akt phosphorylation in HIV-1 gp 120-induced mesangial cell proliferation. |journal=Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. |volume=280 |issue= 2 |pages= F333–42 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11208609 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Matsumoto M, Ogawa W, Hino Y, "et al." |title=Inhibition of insulin-induced activation of Akt by a kinase-deficient mutant of the epsilon isozyme of protein kinase C. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 17 |pages= 14400–6 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11278835 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M011093200
*cite journal | author=Brownawell AM, Kops GJ, Macara IG, Burgering BM |title=Inhibition of nuclear import by protein kinase B (Akt) regulates the subcellular distribution and activity of the forkhead transcription factor AFX. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=21 |issue= 10 |pages= 3534–46 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11313479 |doi= 10.1128/MCB.21.10.3534-3546.2001
*cite journal | author=Clark DE, Poteet-Smith CE, Smith JA, Lannigan DA |title=Rsk2 allosterically activates estrogen receptor alpha by docking to the hormone-binding domain. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=20 |issue= 13 |pages= 3484–94 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11432835 |doi= 10.1093/emboj/20.13.3484
*cite journal | author=Chen R, Kim O, Yang J, "et al." |title=Regulation of Akt/PKB activation by tyrosine phosphorylation. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 34 |pages= 31858–62 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11445557 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.C100271200

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