Myotonin-protein kinase

Dystrophia myotonica-protein kinase
PDB rendering based on 1wt6.
Available structures PDB 1WT6, 2VD5
Identifiers
Symbols	DMPK; DM; DM1; DM1PK; DMK; MDPK; MT-PK
External IDs	OMIM: 605377 MGI: 94906 HomoloGene: 3247 GeneCards: DMPK Gene
EC number	2.7.11.1
Gene Ontology Molecular function • nucleotide binding • protein kinase activity • protein serine/threonine kinase activity • protein binding • ATP binding • metal ion binding Biological process • regulation of sodium ion transport • protein modification process • protein phosphorylation • protein phosphorylation • regulation of heart contraction • regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential involved in skeletal muscle contraction Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	1760	13400
Ensembl	ENSG00000104936	ENSMUSG00000030409
UniProt	Q09013	Q05CL1
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001081560.1	XM_986224
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001075029.1	XP_991318
Location (UCSC)	Chr 19: 46.27 – 46.29 Mb	Chr 7: 19.67 – 19.68 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Myotonin-protein kinase (MT-PK) also known as myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (MDPK) or dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (DMK) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DMPK gene.^[1][2][3]

Function

Myotonin-protein kinase is a serine-threonine kinase that is closely related to other kinases that interact with members of the Rho family of small GTPases. Substrates for this enzyme include myogenin, the beta-subunit of the L-type calcium channels, and phospholemman.^[3]

Clinical significance

The 3' untranslated region of this gene contains 5-37 copies of a CTG trinucleotide repeat. Expansion of this unstable motif to 50-5,000 copies causes myotonic dystrophy type I, which increases in severity with increasing repeat element copy number. Repeat expansion is associated with condensation of local chromatin structure that disrupts the expression of genes in this region.^[3]

Interactions

Myotonic dystrophy protein kinase has been shown to interact with HSPB2^[4][5] and RAC1.^[6]

References

1. ^ Mahadevan M, Tsilfidis C, Sabourin L, Shutler G, Amemiya C, Jansen G, Neville C, Narang M, Barcelo J, O'Hoy K, et al. (Apr 1992). "Myotonic dystrophy mutation: an unstable CTG repeat in the 3' untranslated region of the gene". Science 255 (5049): 1253–5. doi:10.1126/science.1546325. PMID 1546325. 
2. ^ Fu YH, Pizzuti A, Fenwick RG Jr, King J, Rajnarayan S, Dunne PW, Dubel J, Nasser GA, Ashizawa T, de Jong P, et al. (Apr 1992). "An unstable triplet repeat in a gene related to myotonic muscular dystrophy". Science 255 (5049): 1256–8. doi:10.1126/science.1546326. PMID 1546326. 
3. ^ ^{a b c} "Entrez Gene: DMPK dystrophia myotonica-protein kinase". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1760. 
4. ^ Suzuki, A; Sugiyama Y, Hayashi Y, Nyu-i N, Yoshida M, Nonaka I, Ishiura S, Arahata K, Ohno S (Mar. 1998). "MKBP, a novel member of the small heat shock protein family, binds and activates the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase". J. Cell Biol. (UNITED STATES) 140 (5): 1113–24. doi:10.1083/jcb.140.5.1113. ISSN 0021-9525. PMC 2132705. PMID 9490724. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2132705. 
5. ^ Sugiyama, Y; Suzuki A, Kishikawa M, Akutsu R, Hirose T, Waye M M, Tsui S K, Yoshida S, Ohno S (Jan. 2000). "Muscle develops a specific form of small heat shock protein complex composed of MKBP/HSPB2 and HSPB3 during myogenic differentiation". J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 275 (2): 1095–104. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.2.1095. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10625651. 
6. ^ Shimizu, M; Wang W, Walch E T, Dunne P W, Epstein H F (Jun. 2000). "Rac-1 and Raf-1 kinases, components of distinct signaling pathways, activate myotonic dystrophy protein kinase". FEBS Lett. (NETHERLANDS) 475 (3): 273–7. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01692-6. ISSN 0014-5793. PMID 10869570. 

External links

• GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1

Further reading

• Groenen P, Wieringa B (1999). "Expanding complexity in myotonic dystrophy.". Bioessays 20 (11): 901–12. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-1878(199811)20:11<901::AID-BIES5>3.0.CO;2-0. PMID 9872056. 
• Jansen G, Mahadevan M, Amemiya C, et al. (1993). "Characterization of the myotonic dystrophy region predicts multiple protein isoform-encoding mRNAs.". Nat. Genet. 1 (4): 261–6. doi:10.1038/ng0792-261. PMID 1302022. 
• Tsilfidis C, MacKenzie AE, Mettler G, et al. (1993). "Correlation between CTG trinucleotide repeat length and frequency of severe congenital myotonic dystrophy.". Nat. Genet. 1 (3): 192–5. doi:10.1038/ng0692-192. PMID 1303233. 
• Brook JD, McCurrach ME, Harley HG, et al. (1992). "Molecular basis of myotonic dystrophy: expansion of a trinucleotide (CTG) repeat at the 3' end of a transcript encoding a protein kinase family member.". Cell 68 (4): 799–808. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90154-5. PMID 1310900. 
• Harley HG, Walsh KV, Rundle S, et al. (1991). "Localisation of the myotonic dystrophy locus to 19q13.2-19q13.3 and its relationship to twelve polymorphic loci on 19q.". Hum. Genet. 87 (1): 73–80. doi:10.1007/BF01213096. PMID 2037285. 
• Gennarelli M, Lucarelli M, Zelano G, et al. (1995). "Different expression of the myotonin protein kinase gene in discrete areas of human brain.". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 216 (2): 489–94. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.2649. PMID 7488138. 
• Shaw DJ, McCurrach M, Rundle SA, et al. (1994). "Genomic organization and transcriptional units at the myotonic dystrophy locus.". Genomics 18 (3): 673–9. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80372-6. PMID 7905855. 
• Sasagawa N, Sorimachi H, Maruyama K, et al. (1994). "Expression of a novel human myotonin protein kinase (MtPK) cDNA clone which encodes a protein with a thymopoietin-like domain in COS cells.". FEBS Lett. 351 (1): 22–6. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(94)00808-6. PMID 8076686. 
• van der Ven PF, Jansen G, van Kuppevelt TH, et al. (1994). "Myotonic dystrophy kinase is a component of neuromuscular junctions.". Hum. Mol. Genet. 2 (11): 1889–94. doi:10.1093/hmg/2.11.1889. PMID 8281152. 
• Carango P, Noble JE, Marks HG, Funanage VL (1994). "Absence of myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) mRNA as a result of a triplet repeat expansion in myotonic dystrophy.". Genomics 18 (2): 340–8. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1474. PMID 8288237. 
• Jansen G, Bartolomei M, Kalscheuer V, et al. (1993). "No imprinting involved in the expression of DM-kinase mRNAs in mouse and human tissues.". Hum. Mol. Genet. 2 (8): 1221–7. doi:10.1093/hmg/2.8.1221. PMID 8401505. 
• Fu YH, Friedman DL, Richards S, et al. (1993). "Decreased expression of myotonin-protein kinase messenger RNA and protein in adult form of myotonic dystrophy.". Science 260 (5105): 235–8. doi:10.1126/science.8469976. PMID 8469976. 
• Mahadevan MS, Amemiya C, Jansen G, et al. (1993). "Structure and genomic sequence of the myotonic dystrophy (DM kinase) gene.". Hum. Mol. Genet. 2 (3): 299–304. doi:10.1093/hmg/2.3.299. PMID 8499920. 
• Boucher CA, King SK, Carey N, et al. (1996). "A novel homeodomain-encoding gene is associated with a large CpG island interrupted by the myotonic dystrophy unstable (CTG)n repeat.". Hum. Mol. Genet. 4 (10): 1919–25. doi:10.1093/hmg/4.10.1919. PMID 8595416. 
• Roberts R, Timchenko NA, Miller JW, et al. (1998). "Altered phosphorylation and intracellular distribution of a (CUG)n triplet repeat RNA-binding protein in patients with myotonic dystrophy and in myotonin protein kinase knockout mice.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (24): 13221–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.24.13221. PMC 24290. PMID 9371827. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=24290. 
• Suzuki A, Sugiyama Y, Hayashi Y, et al. (1998). "MKBP, a novel member of the small heat shock protein family, binds and activates the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase.". J. Cell Biol. 140 (5): 1113–24. doi:10.1083/jcb.140.5.1113. PMC 2132705. PMID 9490724. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2132705. 
• Pham YC, Man N, Lam LT, Morris GE (1998). "Localization of myotonic dystrophy protein kinase in human and rabbit tissues using a new panel of monoclonal antibodies.". Hum. Mol. Genet. 7 (12): 1957–65. doi:10.1093/hmg/7.12.1957. PMID 9811941.