- MAP3K4
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4, also known as MAP3K4, is a human
gene .cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MAP3K4 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4216| accessdate = ]PBB_Summary
section_title =
summary_text = The central core of each mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is a conserved cascade of 3 protein kinases: an activated MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK) phosphorylates and activates a specific MAPK kinase (MAPKK), which then activates a specific MAPK. While the ERK MAPKs are activated by mitogenic stimulation, the CSBP2 and JNK MAPKs are activated by environmental stresses such as osmotic shock, UV irradiation, wound stress, and inflammatory factors. This gene encodes a MAPKKK, the MEKK4 protein, also called MTK1. This protein contains a protein kinase catalytic domain at the C terminus. The N-terminal nonkinase domain may contain a regulatory domain. Expression of MEKK4 in mammalian cells activated the CSBP2 and JNK MAPK pathways, but not the ERK pathway. In vitro kinase studies indicated that recombinant MEKK4 can specifically phosphorylate and activate PRKMK6 and SERK1, MAPKKs that activate CSBP2 and JNK, respectively but cannot phosphorylate PRKMK1, an MAPKK that activates ERKs. MEKK4 is a major mediator of environmental stresses that activate the CSBP2 MAPK pathway, and a minor mediator of the JNK pathway. Two alternatively spliced transcripts encoding distinct isoforms have been described.cite web | title = Entrez Gene: MAP3K4 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4216| accessdate = ]References
Further reading
PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Whitmarsh AJ, Davis RJ |title=Role of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 in cancer. |journal=Oncogene |volume=26 |issue= 22 |pages= 3172–84 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17496914 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1210410
*cite journal | author=Adams MD, Kerlavage AR, Fleischmann RD, "et al." |title=Initial assessment of human gene diversity and expression patterns based upon 83 million nucleotides of cDNA sequence. |journal=Nature |volume=377 |issue= 6547 Suppl |pages= 3–174 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7566098 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Nagase T, Seki N, Ishikawa K, "et al." |title=Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. VI. The coding sequences of 80 new genes (KIAA0201-KIAA0280) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from cell line KG-1 and brain. |journal=DNA Res. |volume=3 |issue= 5 |pages= 321–9, 341–54 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9039502 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Gerwins P, Blank JL, Johnson GL |title=Cloning of a novel mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, MEKK4, that selectively regulates the c-Jun amino terminal kinase pathway. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 13 |pages= 8288–95 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9079650 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Fanger GR, Johnson NL, Johnson GL |title=MEK kinases are regulated by EGF and selectively interact with Rac/Cdc42. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=16 |issue= 16 |pages= 4961–72 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9305638 |doi= 10.1093/emboj/16.16.4961
*cite journal | author=Takekawa M, Posas F, Saito H |title=A human homolog of the yeast Ssk2/Ssk22 MAP kinase kinase kinases, MTK1, mediates stress-induced activation of the p38 and JNK pathways. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=16 |issue= 16 |pages= 4973–82 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9305639 |doi= 10.1093/emboj/16.16.4973
*cite journal | author=Posas F, Saito H |title=Activation of the yeast SSK2 MAP kinase kinase kinase by the SSK1 two-component response regulator. |journal=EMBO J. |volume=17 |issue= 5 |pages= 1385–94 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9482735 |doi= 10.1093/emboj/17.5.1385
*cite journal | author=Takekawa M, Saito H |title=A family of stress-inducible GADD45-like proteins mediate activation of the stress-responsive MTK1/MEKK4 MAPKKK. |journal=Cell |volume=95 |issue= 4 |pages= 521–30 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9827804 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Chan-Hui PY, Weaver R |title=Human mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase mediates the stress-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=336 ( Pt 3) |issue= |pages= 599–609 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9841871 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Kovalsky O, Lung FD, Roller PP, Fornace AJ |title=Oligomerization of human Gadd45a protein. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 42 |pages= 39330–9 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11498536 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M105115200
*cite journal | author=Mita H, Tsutsui J, Takekawa M, "et al." |title=Regulation of MTK1/MEKK4 kinase activity by its N-terminal autoinhibitory domain and GADD45 binding. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=22 |issue= 13 |pages= 4544–55 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12052864 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, "et al." |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899
*cite journal | author=Luo W, Ng WW, Jin LH, "et al." |title=Axin utilizes distinct regions for competitive MEKK1 and MEKK4 binding and JNK activation. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=278 |issue= 39 |pages= 37451–8 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12878610 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M305277200
*cite journal | author=Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, "et al." |title=Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=36 |issue= 1 |pages= 40–5 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14702039 |doi= 10.1038/ng1285
*cite journal | author=Wong CK, Luo W, Deng Y, "et al." |title=The DIX domain protein coiled-coil-DIX1 inhibits c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation by Axin and dishevelled through distinct mechanisms. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=279 |issue= 38 |pages= 39366–73 |year= 2004 |pmid= 15262978 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M404598200
*cite journal | author=Halfter UM, Derbyshire ZE, Vaillancourt RR |title=Interferon-gamma-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of MEKK4 via Pyk2 is regulated by annexin II and SHP2 in keratinocytes. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=388 |issue= Pt 1 |pages= 17–28 |year= |pmid= 15601262 |doi= 10.1042/BJ20041236
*cite journal | author=Takekawa M, Tatebayashi K, Saito H |title=Conserved docking site is essential for activation of mammalian MAP kinase kinases by specific MAP kinase kinase kinases. |journal=Mol. Cell |volume=18 |issue= 3 |pages= 295–306 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15866172 |doi= 10.1016/j.molcel.2005.04.001
*cite journal | author=Derbyshire ZE, Halfter UM, Heimark RL, "et al." |title=Angiotensin II stimulated transcription of cyclooxygenase II is regulated by a novel kinase cascade involving Pyk2, MEKK4 and annexin II. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biochem. |volume=271 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 77–90 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15881658 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Abell AN, Johnson GL |title=MEKK4 is an effector of the embryonic TRAF4 for JNK activation. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=280 |issue= 43 |pages= 35793–6 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16157600 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.C500260200
*cite journal | author=Aissouni Y, Zapart G, Iovanna JL, "et al." |title=CIN85 regulates the ability of MEKK4 to activate the p38 MAP kinase pathway. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=338 |issue= 2 |pages= 808–14 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16256071 |doi= 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.10.032PBB_Controls
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