Methohexital

Methohexital

Systematic (IUPAC) name
5-hex-3-yn-2-yl-1- methyl-5-prop-2-enyl-1, 3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	Consumer Drug Information
Pregnancy cat.	B (USA)
Legal status	Schedule IV
Routes	Intravenous, rectal
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	I.V. ~100% Rectal ~17%
Metabolism	Hepatic
Half-life	5.6 ± 2.7 minutes
Excretion	?
Identifiers
CAS number	151-83-7 Y
ATC code	N01AF01 N05CA15
PubChem	CID 9034
DrugBank	APRD00058
ChemSpider	8683 Y
UNII	E5B8ND5IPE Y
KEGG	D04985 Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:102216 N
ChEMBL	CHEMBL7413 Y
Chemical data
Formula	C14H18N2O3
Mol. mass	262.304
SMILES	eMolecules & PubChem
InChI InChI=1S/C14H18N2O3/c1-5-7-8-10(3)14(9-6-2)11(17)15-13(19)16(4)12(14)18/h6,10H,2,5,9H2,1,3-4H3,(H,15,17,19) Y Key:NZXKDOXHBHYTKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
N(what is this?)  (verify)

Methohexital, also called methohexitone, (marketed under the brand name Brevital) is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative. It is classified as short-acting, and has a rapid onset of action. It is similar in its effects to sodium thiopental, a drug with which it competed in the market for anaesthetics.

Pharmacology

Methohexital binds to a distinct site which is associated with Cl⁻ ionophores at GABA_A receptors.^[1] This increases the length of time which the Cl⁻ ionopores are open, thus causing an inhibitory effect.

Metabolism of methohexital is primarily hepatic (i.e., taking place in the liver) via demethylation and oxidation.^{[citation needed]} Side-chain oxidation is the primary means of metabolism involvedtermination of the drug's biological activity.

Protein binding is approximately 73% for methohexital.^{[citation needed]}

Indications

Methohexital is primarily used to induce anesthesia, and is generally provided as a sodium salt (i.e. methohexital sodium). It is only used in hospital or similar settings, under strict supervision.^{[citation needed]} It has been commonly used to induce deep sedation, "twilight sleep" or general anesthesia for oral surgery and dentistry. It is also used to induce anesthesia prior to ECT (electroconvulsive therapy).

Chemistry

Methohexital, 5-allyl-1-methyl-5-(1-methyl-2-pentinyl barbituric acid, is synthesized in the classic manner of making barbituric acid derivatives, in particular by the reaction of malonic ester derivatives with derivatives of urea. The resulting allyl-(1-methyl-2-pentynyl) malonic ester is synthesized by subsequent alkylation of the malonic ester itself, beginning with 2-bromo-3-hexyne, which gives (1-methyl-2-pentynyl)malonic ester, and then by allylbromide. In the final step, reaction of the disubstituted malonic ester with N-methylurea gives desired methohexital.

W.J. Doran, U.S. Patent 2,872,448 (1959).

References

1. ^ Katzung, Bertram G., Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 10th ed., p. 406-407

External links

• RxList.com - Methohexital
• Drugs.com - Methohexital Sodium
• DrugLib.com - Brevital (Methohexital Sodium)