Chloral

Chloral
Chloral
IUPAC name
Trichloroethanal
Identifiers
CAS number 75-87-6 YesY
ChemSpider 6167 YesY
UNII FLI06WS32H YesY
KEGG C14866 YesY
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Properties
Molecular formula C2HCl3O
Molar mass 147.388 g/mol
Density 1.512 g/cm3 @ 20 °C
Melting point

−57.5 °C
Boiling point

97.8 °C
Solubility in water forms soluble hydrate
Solubility in ethanol miscible
Solubility in diethyl ether miscible
Solubility in chloroform miscible
 YesY (verify) (what is: YesY/N?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Chloral, also known as trichloroacetaldehyde, is the organic compound with the formula Cl3CCHO. This aldehyde is a colourless oily liquid that is soluble in a wide range of solvents. It reacts with water to form chloral hydrate, a once widely used sedative and hypnotic substance.

Contents

Production

Chloral can be produced by chlorination of ethanol, as reported in 1832 by Justus von Liebig.

Key reactions

Aside from its tendency to hydrate, chloral is most notable as a building block in the synthesis of DDT. For this purpose, chloral is treated with chlorobenzene in the presence of a catalytic amount of sulfuric acid:

Cl3CCHO + 2 C6H5Cl → Cl3CCH(C6H4Cl)2 + H2O

This reaction was described by Othmar Zeidler in 1874.[1]

Chloral is also used to form chloroform by treating it with sodium hydroxide.

References

  1. ^ Othmar Zeidler (1874). "Verbindungen von Chloral mit Brom- und Chlorbenzol". Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 7 (2): 1180–1181. doi:10.1002/cber.18740070278. 

See also


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Chloral — Général Nom IUPAC Trichloroéthanal No CAS …   Wikipédia en Français

  • chloral — [ klɔral ] n. m. • 1831; de chlore et al(cool) ♦ Chim. Liquide incolore, huileux, de formule CCl3CHO, préparé par action du chlore sur l éthanol, utilisé dans la synthèse du D. D. T. Le chloral hydraté ou hydrate de chloral : solide blanc,… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • chloral — hydrate chloral hydrate n. 1. a chemical substance ({CCl3.CH(OH)2}) which is a hydrate of trichloroacetaldehyde. It crystallizes as white monoclinic plates, obtained by treating chloral with water. It produces sleep when taken internally or… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Chloral — Chlo ral, n. [Chlorine + alcohol.] 1. (Chem.) A colorless oily liquid, {CCl3.CHO}, of a pungent odor and harsh taste, obtained by the action of chlorine upon ordinary or ethyl alcohol. [1913 Webster] 2. (Med.) Chloral hydrate. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Chlorāl — (Chloraldehyd, Chem.), C4HCl3O2, ein Product der Einwirkung von Chlorgas auf absoluten Alkohol, bildet sich auch durch Destillation von Zucker, Stärke od. Milchsäure mit Braunstein u. Salzsäure; farblose, dünne, fettig anzufühlende Flüßigkeit,… …   Pierer's Universal-Lexikon

  • chloral — ► NOUN Chemistry ▪ a viscous liquid used as a sedative in the form of a crystalline derivative (chloral hydrate). ORIGIN French, blend of chlore chlorine and alcool alcohol …   English terms dictionary

  • chloral — [klôr′əl] n. [ CHLOR(O) + AL(COHOL)] 1. a thin, oily, colorless liquid, CCl3CHO, with a pungent odor, prepared by the action of chlorine on alcohol: used in the manufacture of DDT 2. short for CHLORAL HYDRATE …   English World dictionary

  • Chlorāl — (Trichloracetaldehyd) C2HCl3O oder CCl3.COH, das Endprodukt der Einwirkung von Chlor auf absoluten Alkohol, wird dargestellt, indem man trocknes Chlor anhaltend in Alkohol (96–97° Tr.) leitet, das Produkt mit konzentrierter Schwefelsäure erwärmt …   Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon

  • Chloral — Chloral, s. Chloralhydrat …   Lexikon der gesamten Technik

  • Chloral — Chlorāl, farblose, scharf riechende Flüssigkeit vom Siedepunkt 94° und spez. Gewicht 1,502, durch Einwirken von Chlor auf Alkohol gewonnen, mischt sich mit Wasser und bildet damit das Chlorālhydrāt, farblose, bei 57° schmelzende Kristalle von… …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”