- List of Latin words with English derivatives
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This is a list of Latin words with derivatives in English (and other modern languages).
Ancient orthography did not distinguish between i and j or between u and v. Many modern works distinguish u from v but not i from j. In this article both distinctions are shown as they are helpful when tracing the origin of English words. See also Latin spelling and pronunciation.
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Contents
Nouns and adjectives
The citation form for nouns (the one normally shown in Latin dictionaries) is the Latin nominative singular, but this typically does not exhibit the root form from which English nouns are generally derived.
Latin nouns and adjectives Citation form Declining stem Meaning English derivatives acer acer- maple aceric acer acr- sharp acrid, acrimony acerbus acerb- bitter acerbic, acerbity, exacerbate acervus acerv- heap acervate, acervose acētum acēt- vinegar acetic acus acu- needle acuity, acumen, acute adversus advers- set against, hostile adverse, adversity, adversary aedificium aedifici- building edifice aequus aequ-, -iqu- even, level adequate, equality, equity, iniquity aes aer- ore aevum aev- age, eon eviternal, longevity, mediaeval, primaeval ager agr-, -egr- field agriculture, peregrine alacer alacr- quick alacrity albus alb- white albedo, albino, album, albumen alius ali- other alias, alien anima anim- soul, life animal, animate animus anim- mind, anger animosity annus ann- year annual, annuity ānser ānser- goose anserine aqua aqu- water aquamarine, aquarium, aquatic, aqueduct, aquifer aquila aquil- eagle aquiline arbor arbor- tree arboreal, arboretum ars art- art, skill artifact, artificial asinus asin- donkey asinine audāx audāc- brave, bold audacious, audacity auris aur- ear aural, auricle aurum aur- gold aureate avis avi- bird Aves, avian, aviary bellum bell- war antebellum, bellicose, belligerence, rebellion bellus bell- pretty embellish bestia besti- animal bestial, bestiary bini bin- two each binary, combination bonus
– melior
– optimusbon-
– melior-
– optim-good
– better
– bestbonus
– ameliorate
– optimal, optimistbōs bov- cow, ox bovine bracchium brac- arm, support embrace, braces, bracelet brevis brev- brief, short brevity butyrum butyr- butter butyric calx calc-
-culc-heel inculcate calx calc- limestone, pebble calciform, calculus, calculation canis can- dog canid, canine caper capr- goat caprine capillus capill- hair capillaries caput capit- head capital, decapitation cardo cardin- hinge cardinal caro carn- flesh carnal, carnivore, incarnate catena caten- chain catenary, catenative cauda caud-, cod- tail caudal, coda causa caus-, -cus- accusative, causal cavus cav- hollow cave, cavity, concave centum cent- hundred centennial cera cer- wax ceraceous certus cert- certain certiorari, certitude cervīx cervīc- neck cervical, cervix cinis ciner- ashes incinerator cīvis cīv- citizen civil, civilian, civility clāvicula clāvicul- little key clavicle clavis clav- key clavier clemens clement- mild clemency, inclement collum coll- neck collar cor cord- heart accord, cordial, courage corbis corb- basket corb, corf cornū corn- horn Capricorn, cornucopia, unicorn corpus corpor- body corporal, corporeal, corpulent, corpuscle corvus corv- raven corbel, corvine coxa cox- hip coxal cras cras- tomorrow procrastinate crassus crass- thick crass, crassitude creta cret- chalk cretaceous crimen crimin- criminal crux cruc- cross crucial, crucifix, crucify culina culin- kitchen culinary cuneus cune- wedge cuneate, cuneiform cura cur- care cure, curious curtus curt- shortened curt cuspis cuspid- tip bicuspid decem decem- ten decemfid, decempedal, decemvir decimus decim- tenth decimal decus decor- decorous, decorum dens dent- tooth dental, dentifrice, denture, trident deus de- god deification, deity dexter dextr- right dexterous, dextral diēs diē- day diary, quotidian digitus digit- finger, toe digit, digital dignus dign- worthy condign, dignity discipulus discipul- student disciple dominus domin- lord domain, dominate, dominion domus dom- house domestic, domicile duo du- two duality, duplex equus equ- horse equestrian, equine faber fabr- fabric falx falc- sickle falcate, falciform fames fam- hunger famine, famished fauces fauc-, -foc- throat faucal, suffocate fēlēs fēl- cat feline fēlix fēlic- happy felicity, felicitations fēmina fēmin- woman effeminate, femininity femur femor- thigh femoral, femur fenestra fenestr- window defenestration ferox feroc- fierce ferocious, ferocity ferrum ferr- iron ferrite, ferrous ferus fer- wild feral fides fid- faith confidence, infidel, infidelity, perfidy fīlia
fīliusfīli- daughter
sonaffiliation, filial filum fil- thread bifilar, filament fīnis fīn- end, limit affine, affinity, confines, final, infinity, infinitive firmus firm- firm confirm, firmament fiscus fisc- basket confiscation, fiscal flavus flav- yellow flavin, flavivirus flōs flōr- flower floral, florist focus foc- hearth bifocal, focal foedus foeder- confederation, federal folium foli- leaf defoliant, foliage, folio, folivore, portfolio fons font- font, fontal, fontanelle foris for- outdoors foreclose, foreign, forest, forum fōrma fōrm- form, shape deform, formal, formative, formula, information formica formic- ant formic formus form- warm fornix fornic- vault forniciform fors fort- luck fortuitous, fortune fortis fort- strength effort, fortify, fortitude frāter frātr- brother fraternal, fraternity, fratricide fraus fraud- fraud fraudulent frequens frequent- often frequency, frequentative frōns front- forehead affront, confront, front, frontal frūx frūg- fruit frugal fūmus fūm- smoke fume, fumigation fundus fund- bottom fundamental, profundity fungus fung- mushroom fungal, fungicide funis fun- rope funicular fuscus fusc- dark obfuscation gens gent- gentile, gentility, gentle genu genu- knee genuflection genus gener- birth, offspring, creation general, generation, generic, generous, genuine glacies glaci- ice glacial, glacier gladius gladi- sword gladiator, gladiolus gluten glutin- glue agglutination, glutinous granum gran- grain granary, granule gravis grav- heavy gravid, gravitation, gravity grex greg- flock, herd congregation, gregarious grossus gross- thick gross gula gul- gullet, gully gurges gurgit- regurgitate guttur guttur- throat guttural herba herb- grass herbaceous, herbal, herbicide hibernus hibern- hibernacle, hibernal hiems hiem- winter hiemal homō homin- man (human being) homicide, hominid hortus hort- garden horticulture hostis host- enemy hostile humus hum- ground humiliate, humility ignis ign- fire igneous, ignite, ignition inguen inguin- groin inguinal īnsula īnsul- island insular, insulate, peninsula iocus
jocusjoc- jest jocular, joke iūdex
judexiūdic- judge judge, judicial, judiciary, adjudicate iugum
jugumiug- yoke conjugal, conjugate iūs iūr- right, law abjure, conjure, justice, jurisdiction iuvenis
juvenisjuven- young juvenile labia labi- lip labial labor labor- toil elaboration, laborious lac lact- milk lactate, lactic, lactose lacrima lacrim- tear lachrymose lapis lapid- stone dilapidate, lapidary lassus lass- lassitude latex latic- liquid laticifer latus lat- broad, wide latifoliate, latitude latus later- side collateral, lateral laus laud- praise laud, laudable, Lauds laxus lax- loose laxity, relax lenis leni- gentle leniency lens lent- lentil lenticel, lenticular lentus lent- lentic, relent leo leon- lion leonine lepus lepor- hare leporid, leporine levis lev- light (weight) levity, relieve lēx lēg- law alleged, legal, legislation, privilege liber liber- free liberal liber libr- book library libra libr- balance, scales equilibrium lignum lign- wood ligneous, lignite limbus limb- edge limbate, limbic, limbo linea line- line collinear, linearity lingua lingu- tongue bilingual, lingua franca, linguistics, multilingual lira lir- furrow delirium littera litter- letter literary, literature locus loc- place locality, locative longus long- long elongate, longitude lucrum lucr- lucrative, lucre lumen lumin- light luminary, luminous lūna lūn- Moon lunar, lunate, lunatic lupus lup- wolf lupine lux luc- light Lucifer, luciferous macula macul- spot immaculate, macula, macular, macule magister magistr- master magisterial, magistrate magnus
– māior
– maximusmagn-
– māior-
– maxim-big, great
– bigger
– biggestmagnitude
– majority
– maximummalus
– peior
– pessimusmal-
– peior-
– pessim-bad
– worse
– worstmalevolence, malice, malignant
– pejorative
– pessimistmanus manu- hand manual, manuscript mare mar- sea marine, mariner, maritime, ultramarine Mars marti- Mars martial, Martian māter mātr- mother material, maternal, maternity, matrimony, matrix, matron, matter medius medi- middle media, median, medieval, medium, intermediate, immediate, mediocre mel mell- honey mellifluent memor memor- mindful commemorate, memoir, memorial, memory menda mend- blemish emend mens ment- mind mental merus mer- pure mere miles milit- soldier militant, military, militia mille mill- thousand millennium, millipede modus mod- modal mollis moll- soft emollient mora mor- delay moratorium morbus morb- sickness morbid, morbidity mors mort- death mortal, rigor mortis mortuus mort- dead mortuary, moribund, morgue mos mor- custom morality, mores multus
– plusmult-
– plur-many
– moremultitude
pluralitymulus mul- mule mular mundus mund- world mundane murus mur- wall mural mus mur- mouse murine nasus nas- nose nasal navis nav- ship naval neuter neutr- neither neutral niger nigr- black denigrate nihil nihil- nothing nil, nihilism, annihilate nodus nod- knot nodal, nodule nomen nomin- name ignominy, nominal, nominative, trinominal nonageni nonagen- ninety each nonagenarian, nonagenary nōnus non- ninth nonary, None norma norm- carpenter's square enormous, norm, normal, normative novus nov- new innovative, novelty, novice nox noct- night equinox, nocturnal nudus nud- naked denude, nudity numerus numer- number enumerate, innumerable, numeracy, numeral, numerator, numerous octāvus octav- eighth octaval, octave octō oct- eight octal, octangular, octennial, octuple octōni octon- eight each octonary, octonion oculus ocul- eye inoculation, ocular omen omin- ominous omnis omn- all omnipotence, omnipresence, omniscience, omnivore onus oner- burden, load exonerate, onerous, onus opacus opac- shady opacity ops op- copious, opulent opus oper- work opera orbis orb- ring orb, orbit ordo ordin- order ordinal, ordinance, ordinary, ordination os or- mouth oral, orifice os oss- bone ossify, ossuary otium oti- leisure negotiate, otiose ovis ov- sheep ovine ovum ov- egg oval, ovary, ovule, ovum par par- equal comparative, comparator, disparity, parile, parity, peer paries pariet- wall parietal pars part- piece compartment, departure, partial, particle parvus parv- small parvovirus passer passer- sparrow passerine pater patr- father paternal, paternity, patrimony, patron, perpetrate paucus pauc- few paucal, paucity pavīmentum pavīment- ground pavement pax pac- peace pacific, pacify pectus pector- chest pectoral pēs ped- foot biped, expedient, expedition, impediment, pedal, pedestrian, pedicure pestis pest- pest pesticide, pestiferous, pestilence pinna pinn- feather pinnacle, pinnate pirus pir- pear piriform piscis pisc- fish pisces, pisciform, piscine planta plant- sole plantar planus plan- flat planar, plane platea plate- place placement plebs pleb- common people plebian pluma plum- feather plumage pluvia pluvi- rain pluvial pondus ponder- weight ponderous, pound, preponderance pons pont- bridge pontine, pontoon porcus porc- pig porcine porta port- gate porch, portal, portico prandium prandi- lunch prandial, preprandial pravus prav- crooked depravity pretium preti- price depreciation, precious prex prec- prayer preces prior
– prīmusprior-
– prīm-former
– firstpriority
– primal, primary, primeprivus priv- own privacy, private probus prob- probable, probation, probative, probity, reprobate proprius propri- proper appropriate, propriety prunus prun- plum prune pulcher pulchr- beautiful pulchritude pulmo pulmon- lung pulmonary pulvis pulver- dust, powder pulverize punctum punct- point contrapuntal, punctual, punctuation purus pur- pure impurity, purity pus pur- pus purulent quadrini quadrin- four each quadrin quadrum quadr- square quadrate, quadratic, quadrature quartus quart- fourth quartal, quartan, quartic quaterni quatern- four each quaternary, quaternion quintus quint- fifth quintal, quintan, quintessence, quintic radius radi- ray, spoke radial, radian radix radic- root eradicate, radical, radicand ramus ram- branch ramification, ramose remus rem- oar bireme, quinquereme rēn ren- kidney renal res re- thing reality rete ret- net reticulate, retiform, retina rēx rēg- king regal, regent ripa rip- bank riparian ritus rit- rite ritual rivus riv- brook derive, rival, rivulet rosa ros- rose rosaceous, rosary rota rot- wheel rotary, rotation ruber rubr- red erubescent, rubric rūdis rūd- rude rudimentary rūs rūr- countryside, farm rural, rustic sacer sacr- sacred sacrifice, sacristy saepes saep- hedge septum sal sal- salt salary, salinity sanguis sanguin- blood consanguineous, sanguine sanus san- sound insanity, sanatorium semen semin- seed disseminate, semen, seminal, seminar, seminary semis semi- half semicolon, semiconductor, semiconscious, seminatural senex sen- old man senator, senility, senior seni sen- six each senary septem sept- seven septangular, septemvir, septennial septeni septen- seven each septenary sex sex- six sexangular, sexavalent, sexennial sexageni sexagen- sixty each sexagenarian, sexagenary sexagesimus sexagesim- sixtieth sexagesimal sextus sext- sixth bissextile, Sext, sextan, sextans, sextic, sextile sibilus sibil- hiss sibilant siccus sicc- dry desiccant, desiccation sidus sider- constellation consider, sidereal silva silv- forest silvan, silviculture similis simil- like similar, verisimilitude sincerus sincer- sincerity singulus singul- one each singularity sinister sinistr- left sinister, sinistral sinus sinu- curve sinuous sol sol- sun insolate, solar, soliform solum sol- bottom insole, sole solus sol- alone, only sole, solitary, solitude, solo somnus somn- sleep insomnia, somnolent sonus son- sound absonant, consonant, dissonance, resonance, sonorant, sonority sopor sopor- deep sleep sopor, soporific soror soror- sister sororal, sororate, sororicide, sorority spes sper- hope desperate spina spin- thorn spinal, spinescent, spiniferous, spiniform squama squam- scale squamate, squamella, squamiform, squamose, squamous stria stri- furrow striation, striature strix strig- owl strigine suavis suav- sweet suave sucus
succussucc- juice succulent sulcus sulc- furrow sulcal, sulcate, sulciform tardus tard- slow retard, tardy tempus tempor- time contemporaneous, temporal, temporary tenuis tenu- thin tenuous terminus termin- boundary interminable, terminal, terminative terni tern- three each ternary, ternion terra terr- dry land terrace, terracotta, terrain, terrestrial, extraterrestrial, territory tertius terti- third Terce, tertial, tertian, tertiary testis test- witness intestate, testament, testimony totus tot- all, whole totality tres tri- three triangle, triceps, triennial tricae tric- tricks extricate turba turb- disturbance, turbidity, turbine umbra umbr- shade, shadow adumbration, penumbra, umbrella uncia unci- twelfth ounce, quincuncial, uncial unda und- wave abundant, inundate, undulate unus un- one coadunate, unary, unate, uniformity, union urbs urb- city suburb, urban ursus urs- bear ursine vacuus vacu- empty vacuous, vacuum vagus vag- wandering vagile, vague vallum vall- rampart vallate vanus van- empty, vain vanity varius vari- varying variable, variety, various vas vas- vessel vasal, vase vastus vast- empty devastate, vastitude vehiculum vehicul- wagon vehicle, vehicular velox veloc- quick, swift velocity velum vel- sail, veil velamen, velar, velate vena ven- vein venation, venous, venule venter ventr- belly ventral, ventricle ventus vent- wind ventilator venum ven- venality venus vener- desire venerable, venereal verbum verb- word adverb, proverbial, verbal, verbatim, verbose vermis verm- worm vermian, vermicelli, vermicular, vermiculite, vermiform vernus vern- spring vernal vērus ver- true veracious, veracity, verify, veritable, verity vesper vesper- evening vespertine vestigium vestig- trace, track vestigial vestis vest- clothing vestment, vesture vetus veter- old veteran via vi- way devious, obvious, trivial, vialis vicis vic- change vicarious, vicissitude vicus vic- vicinity vigesimus vigesim- twentieth septemvigesimal, vigesimal vilis vil- cheap, vile revile, vilify vīlla vill- country house villa, village vinum vin- wine viniculture vir vir- man (masculine) triumvirate, virile, virility, virtue virga virg- rod, twig virgate, virgule viscus viscer- internal organ eviscerate, visceral vita vit- life vital, vitality vitium viti- vice, vicious, vitiate vitrum vitr- glass vitreous vola vol- palm volar vox voc- voice advocate, vocal, vocative, vociferous vulgus vulg- crowd vulgar, vulgarity, vulgate vulnus vulner- wound vulnerable, vulnerose vulpēs vulp- fox vulpicide, vulpine Verbs
In some Latin verbs, a preposition caused a vowel change in the root of the verb. For example, "capiō" prefixed with "in" becomes "incipio".
Latin verbs Citation form Present stem Perfect stem Participial stem Meaning English derivatives aceō ac- acu- – be sour acid agō
-igōag-
-ig-eg- āct- act, drive action, actual, actuary, agenda, agency, agent, agility, agitate, ambiguous, castigate, coagment, coagulate, cogent, cogitate, exact, exigent, fumigate, indefatigable, intransigent, litigate, mitigate, navigate, purgatory, purge, redact, retroactive, variegate alō al-
-ol-
-ul-alu- alit-
alt-nourish adolescent, adult, alimentary, alimony, alma mater, alumnus, coalesce, coalition ambulō ambul- ambulav- ambulat- walk amble, ambulance, ambulatory, preamble amō am- amav- amat- like, love amateur, enamor appello appell- appellav- appellat- call, address appeal, appellant, appellate, appellation apō ap-
api-
epi-ap- apt-
-ept-fasten adapt, apt, inept ardeō ard- ars- ars- be on fire ardent, ardor areō ar- – – be dry arid arguō argu- argu- argut- argue, argument audeō aud- aus- - be bold, dare audiō aud- audiv- audit- hear audible, audition, auditorium augeō aug- aux- auct- increase auction, augmentation, augmentative aveō av- - avarice, avid bibō bib- bib- bibit- drink bibulous, imbibe cadō
-cidōcad-
-cid-cecid- cas- fall accident, cadence, case, decadent, deciduous, incident, recidivous caedō caed-
-cid-cecid- caes-
-cis-cut caesura, concise, decision, excise, incision, precise, succise caleō cal- calu- - be warm calid, calor, calorie canō can-
-cin-cecin- cant-
-cent-sing cantata, canticle, cantor, cantus, incantation, recant capiō
-cipiōcap- cep-
-cip-capt-
-cept-take accept, capable, capacity, caption, captious, captive, capture, concept, deception, except, incipient, intercept, recipe, recipient, receptacle, reception careō car- caru- carit- lack charity, precarious carpō
-cerpōcarp-
-cerp-carps- carpt-
-cerpt-pick, pluck carpe diem, excerpt caveō cav- cav- caut- beware caution, caveat, precaution cēdō cēd- cess- cess- yield, depart abscess, accede, concede, decedent, excessive, intercede, precede, precession, précis, recede, recession, secession cēlō
-culōcēl-
-cul-celav- celat-
-cult-hide conceal, occult cenō cen- cenav- cenat- dine cernō cern- crev- cret- separate, sift discern, discrete, excretion, secretion cieō ci- civ- cit- excitement, incite cingō cing- cinx- cinct- encircle, gird cincture, succinct clāmō clām- clāmāv- clāmāt- call acclamation, clamor, exclaim, proclamation claudō
-clūdōclaud-
-clūd-claus- claus-
-clūs-close clause, conclude, exclusive, occlusion, preclude clinō clin- clinav- clinat- lean decline, inclination, recline cogitō cogit- cogitav- cogitat- think, ponder cogitate colligō collig- colleg- collect- collect collect colō col-
cul-colu- colt-
cult-colony, cultivate, culture cōnor con- conat- – try conation coquō coqu- cox- coct- cook coctile, concoct, decoction, precocious consulō consul- consulu- consult- consult consult, counsel creō cre- - creat- make creation, creature crescō cresc- - cret- grow accretion, crescendo, crescent, decrease cubō cub- cubu- cubat- lie concubinage, incubator, succubus -cumbō -cumb- -cubu- -cubit- lie incumbent, recumbence, succumb cupiō cup- cupiv- cupit- desire cupidity currō curr- cucurr- curs- run course, current, cursive, cursor, discourse, occurrence, recursion dicō dic- dicav- dicat- dedicate, predicate dicō dic- dix- dict- say diction, edict, prediction dō d- ded-
-did-dat-
-dit-give addendum, dative, editor, perdition, redditive, tradition doceō doc- docu- doct- teach doctor, doctrine, document doleō dol- dolui dolit- grieve dolor, condolence dormiō dorm- dormiv- dormit- sleep dormitory dubitō dubit- dubitav- dubitat- doubt indubitable ducō duc- dux- duct- lead abductor, conductor, deduce, deductible, deduction, duct, educe, reduction edō ed- ed- es- eat edible, esculent emō
-imōem-
-im-em- empt- buy exempt, preemptive, redeem, redemption eō e- i- it- go ambient, ambit, ambition, coitus, exit, obituary, preterite, sedition, transit errō err- errav- errat- stray errant, erratic, erratum faciō
-ficiōfac-
-fic-fec-
-fic-fact-
-fect-make confect, confectionery, deficient, difficulty, effective, efficiency, facile, fact, faction, factious, factory, factual, faculty, infection, office, official, perfection, perfective, prefecture, proficient, semelfactive fallō fall- fefell- fals- fallacy, falsity faveō fav- favu- favit- favor fendō fend- - fens- defend, fence, offensive ferō fer- tul- lāt- bear, bring ablative, allative, conifer, correlation, difference, delative, elative, fertile, fertility, illative, inference, interfere, lative, perlative, preference, prolate, prolative, refer, reference, referendum, relate, sublative, superlative, transfer, translation ferveō ferv- - - fervid, fervor fīgō fīg- fīx- fix- fix affix, crucifixion, fixure, suffix findō find- fid- fiss- cleave, split bifid, fissile, fission, fissure, fistula fingō fing- finx- fict- fashion, invent fiction, fictive, figment fiō fi- – – be made fiat flectō flect- flex- flex- bend deflect, flexible, flexure, inflection, reflex fligō flig- flix- flict- strike affliction, conflict, inflict, profligate flō fl- flav- flat- blow conflate, flatulence, inflate, soufflé, sufflate fluō flu- flux- flux- flow affluent, confluence, effluent, flume, influx fodiō fod- fod- foss- dig fossil for f- fat– – say, speak affable, fabulous, fame, fate, ineffable, infamy, infant frangō
-fringōfrang-
-fring-freg- fract- break diffract, fractal, fraction, fracture, fragile, fragment, infringe, suffrage fricō fric- fricu- frict- rub fricative, friction frigeō frig- - - be cold frigid frigō frig- frix- frict- parch fruor fru- fruct- – enjoy fugiō fug- fug- fugit- flee fugitive, refugee fundō fund- fūd- fūs- pour confound, effusive, fusion, profusion, refund fungor fung- funct- – do defunct, fungible, function gaudeō gaud- - gavis- rejoice gerō ger- gess- gest- carry agger, congestion, digestion, gerund, gestation, gesture, ingest, suggest gradior
-grediorgradi-
-gredi-gress-
-gress-– step egress, gradient, ingredient, progressive, transgression gustō gust- gustav- gustat- taste gustation, gustatory habeō
-hibeōhabe-
-hibe-habu- habit-
-hibit-have exhibit, habitual, inhibitory, prohibitive, rehabilitation haereō haer- haes- haes- cling, stick adhere, cohesion, hesitation halō hal-
-hel-halav- halat- breathe exhale, inhalation hauriō hauri- haus- haust- draw exhaust hiō hi- hiav- hiat- gape hiatal, hiatus iaceō iac- iacu- jacit- be thrown, lie adjacent iaciō
-iciōiac- iec-
(j)ic-jact-
-ject-throw abject, conjecture, ejector, inject, objective, projectile, reject irascor irasc- irat- – be angry irascible, irate labor lab- laps- – slide, slip collapse, elapse, labile, prolapse, relapse laciō
-liciōlac-
-lic--licu- –
-lect-lure delicious, elicit, illicit laedō
-lidōlaed-
-lid-laes-
-lis-laes-
-lis-hurt collide, elision, lesion langueō langu- - - languid, languish, languor laudō laud- laudav- laudat- praise laud, laudable, laudatory lavō lav- lav- laut-, lot- wash lavatory, loment, lotion, loture lēgō lēg- legav- legat- send allege, delegate, relegation legō
-ligōleg-
-lig-leg- lect- choose, gather, read collect, diligence, election, eligible, lecture, legend, legible, neglect, negligence, selective leō l- - let-
-lit-deletion, indelible libō lib- libav- libat- pour libation libō lib- - libit- please libido ligō lig- ligav- ligat- bind ligament, ligature, obligation linquō linqu- liqu- lict- abandon delinquent, derelict, relinquish, reliquary liveō liv- - – livid, livor locō loc- locav- locat- place, put allocate, location loquor loqu- locut- – speak circumlocution, colloquial, eloquence, grandiloquent, interlocutory luceō luc- lux- – be light, shine lucent, pellucid luctor luct- luctat- – wrestle reluctance lūdō lūd- lūs- lūs- play allusion, collude, illusion, ludicrous luō lu- lu- lut- wash dilute, elution, pollution maneō man- mans- mans- stay immanent, mansion, permanent, remain mānō mān- manav- manat- flow emanation meō me- meav- meat- go, pass permeate mergō merg- mers- mers- dip emerge, immerse migrō migr- migrav- migrat- emigrate, immigrant, migration minuō minu- minu- minut- lessen diminuendo, diminution, diminutive misceō misc- miscu- mixt- mix admixture, miscible, mixture mittō mitt- mīs- miss- send commissure, commit, manumission, missile, missive molō mol- molu- molit- grind demolition, emolument, molar moneō mon- monu- monit- warn admonition, monitor, premonition monstrō monstr- monstrav- monstrat- demonstrate moveō mov- mov- mot- move demotion, commotion, emotion, motile, motion, motive, motor, move, promotion narrō narr- narrav- narrat- tell narrative, narrator nascor nasc- nat-
gnat-– be born agnate, cognate, innate, nascent, natal, nation, native, nature, prenatal, supernatural natō nat- natav- natat- float, swim natatorium necō nec- necav- necat- kill enecate nectō nect- nexu- nex- join, tie annex, connect, nexus nōscō
-gnōscōnōsc-
-gnōsc-nosc- nōt-
-gnōt-, -gnit-know cognitive, ignoble, nobility, notable, notice, notion nuntiō nunt- nuntiav- nuntiat- bring news of, announce announce, renunciation nutriō nutr- nutriv- nutrit- nourish nutrient, nutriment, nutrition, nutritious ōdi od- - – hate odious, odium oleō ol- olu- - smell olid, redolent optō opt- optav- optat- choose adopt, opt orior ori- ort– – rise abort, orient orō or- orav- orat- speak orator, perorate palleō pall- pallu- - be pale pallid, pallor pangō
-pingōpang-
-ping-pepig- pact- fasten compact, impact, impingement pareō par- paru- parit- be ready apparent, apparition, disparition, transparent pariō par-
-per-peper- part-
-pert-biparous, parent, vivipary parō par- parav- parat- make ready disparate, prepare, reparation, separate pascō pasc- pav- past- feed pastor, pasture, repast pateō pat- patu- – be open patent patior pat- pass- – endure compatible, passive, patient paviō pav- paviv- pavit- beat pavement pellō pell- pepul- puls- push compel, depulsion, propel, repulsion pendeō pend- pepend- – be hanging, hang dependent, pending, pensile, propensity pendō pend- pepend- pens- weigh compendium, dispense, expend, pension, pensive, suspense perior per- - – experience, experiment, peril petō pet- petiv- petit- seek, attack appetite, compete, impetus, petulant, repetition pingō ping- pinx- pict- paint depict, picture, pigment placeō
-pliceōplac-
-plic-placu- placit-
-plicit-please complacent, placid placō plac- placav- placat- implacable, placate plangō plang- planx- planct- plangent plaudō
-plodōplaud-
-plod-plaus- plaus-
-plos-clap applaud, explode, plaudit, plausible plectō plect- plex- plex- plait complexity, perplex pleō ple- plev- plet- fill completion, deplete, implement, plenary, plenitude, plenum, replete, supplement, suppletion plicō plic- plicav- plicat- fold complicate, duplication, multiplicand, replicate plōrō plor- plorav- plorat- deplore, implore poliō pol- poliv- polit- smoothen interpolate, polish, polite pōnō pōn- posu- posit- put component, composite, depositor, juxtaposition, postpone, repository portō port- portav- portat- carry comport, deportation, export, import, portable, portage, transport, transportation potō pot- potav- potat- drink potable, potion precor prec- precat- – pray deprecate, precarious prehendō prehend-
prend-prehend- prehens-
prens-grasp apprehension, comprehend, prehensile, reprehensible premō
-primōprem-
-prim-press- press- press, push imprimatur, oppress, pressure, repression, reprimand pugnō pugn- pugnav- pugnat- fight impugn, pugnacious, repugnant pungō pung- pupug- punct- prick puncture, pungent putō put- putav- putat- prune, think amputation, compute, deputy, dispute, impute, putative, reputable, reputation quaerō
-quirōquaer-
-quir-quaesiv- quaesit-
-quisit-search, seek acquisition, inquire, inquisitive, perquisite, query quatiō
-cutiōquat-
-cut-- quass-
-cuss-shake concussion, decussation, percussion radō rad- ras- ras- scrape, shave abrade, erasure ranceō ranc- - - be rotten rancid, rancor rapiō
-ripiōrap-
-rip-rapu- rapt-
-rept-rapacious, rape, rapidity, rapt, raptor, rapture, surreptitious recordor record- recor- recordat- remember, recall record regō
-rigōreg-
-rig-rex- rect- keep straight correction, director, dirigible, incorrigible, rectitude, resurrection repō rep- reps- rept- crawl, creep reptile rideō ride- ris- ris- laugh, smile derision, ridiculous, risible rigeō rig- – – be stiff rigid, rigor rodō rod- ros- ros- gnaw corrode, erosion, rodent rogō rog- rogav- rogat- ask abrogate, derogatory, interrogation rumpō rump- rup- rupt- break, burst abrupt, corrupt, disrupt, eruption, interrupt, rupture saliō
-siliōsal-
-sil-salu-
-silu-salt- jump assail, assault, resilient, salient saltō salt-
-sult-saltav- saltat-
-sultat-desultory, exult, result scandō
-scendōscand-
-scend-scand- scans-
-scens-climb ascend, condescension, descent, scansion, transcendental scīō sci- sciv- scit- know conscience, nescience, plebiscite, prescient, science scrībō scrīb- scrips- scrīpt- write describe, prescription, scripture, scribble, transcribe secō sec- secu- sect- cut bisect, dissection, intersect, intersectionality, secant, sectile, section, sector, segment, trisectrix, vivisection sedeō
-sideōsede-
-side-sed- sess- sit dissident, insidious, obsession, presidium, reside, sedentary, sediment, sessile, session, subside, supersede sedō sed- sedav- sedat- sedative sentiō senti- sens- sens- feel assent, consensus, dissent, sentence, sentient, sentiment sequor sequ- secut- sum – follow consecutive, persecute, prosecutive, sequence, sequent, subsequent serō ser- seru- sert- desert, insertion, series serpō serp- serps- serpt- crawl serpent serviō serv- serviv- servit- serve servile, servitude servō serv- servav- servat- save conservation, observant, preserve sistō sist- stet- stat- cause to stand consistent, insist, persist, subsist solvō solv- solv- solut- loosen absolutive, absolve, dissolve, resolve, soluble, solution, solvent sordeō sord- sordu- - be dirty sordid speciō
-spiciōspec-
-spic-spex- spect- look aspect, conspicuous, inspector, introspection, respect, specimen, specious spirō spir- spirav- spirat- breathe aspiration, inspire, respiration splendeō splend- splendu- - splendid, splendor squaleō squal- squalu- - squalid, squalor statuō
-stituōstatu-
-stitu-statu-
-stitu-statut-
-stitut-cause to stand constituent, destitute, institution, restitution, statuary staurō staur- staurav- staurat- instauration, restaurant, restoration sternō stern- strav- strat- spread, strew prostrate, stratum, substratum stō st- stet- stat- stand constant, distance, extant, instant, reinstatement, stable, stamen, stamina, staminal, stance, stanchion, state, stationary, stative, stature, status, stet stringō string- strinx- strict- squeeze astringent, restriction, stricture struō stru- strux- struct- construe, destruction, instruct, instrumental, superstructure studeō stud- studu- - student, studious stupeō stup- stupu- - be stunned stupid, stupor suadeō suad- suas- suas- dissuade, persuasion sum es- fu- futur- be absent, adessive, antessive, essence, essential, essive, exessive, future, inessive, present, subessive sūmō sum- sumps- sumpt- take assume, consumption, presumptive, resume, subsume suō su- su- sūt- sew assument, suture taceō tac-
-tic-tacu- tacit- keep silent reticent, tacit tangō
-tingōtang-
-ting-tetig-
-tig-tact- touch contact, contingent, intact, integral, pertingent, tactile, tangent, tangible tegō teg- tex- tect- cover detect, integument, protect tendō tend- tetend- tens- stretch extend, intense, portend, tendency, tendentious, tension, tensure teneō
-tineōten-
-tin-tenu-
-tinu-tent- have, hold abstinence, content, continent, detention, discontent, maintain, malcontent, retain, retinue, sustain, tenet, tenor tergeō terg- ters- ters- wipe detergent, terse terō ter- triv- trit- rub, wear attrition, contrite, detritivore, detritus texō tex- texu- text- weave context, pretext, subtext, textile, texture timeō tim- timu- – be afraid timidity, timorous tinniō tinn- tinniv- tinnit- ring tinnitus torqueō torqu- tors- tort- twist contort, extortion, torque, torture torreō torr- torru- tost- torrent, torrid trahō trah- trax- tract- drag, draw abstract, detract, distract, extract, protractor, retract, subtrahend, traction tueor tu- tut-, tuit- – intuitive, tuition, tutelage, tutor tumeō tum- tumu- - be swollen tumescent, tumid, tumor turgeō turg- - - turgid umeō um- - - be moist humidity urō ur- uss- ust- burn adustion, urn utor ut- us- – use use, usufruct, usure, usurp, usury, utility vacō vac- vacav- vacat- be empty vacant, vacation vadō vad- vas- vas- go evade, invasion, pervasive valeō val- valu- valit- be strong ambivalent, prevalent, valence, valid, valor vehō veh- vex- vect- carry convection, convex, inveigh, vector, vehicle vellō vell- vuls- vuls- convulse, revulsion veniō ven- ven- vent- come advent, adventist, adventure, contravene, convene, convent, convention, eventual, intervention, prevention, provenience, venture vertō vert- vert- vers- turn adverse, averse, controversy, convertible, extrovert, incontrovertible, inversion, reverse, revert, subversive, versicle, version videō vidē- vid- vīs- see evidence, improvise, invisible, provident, proviso, video, visage, vision, visor vidō vid- vis- vis- dividend, individual, divisor vincō vinc- vic- vict- conquer, win convince, eviction, victory vivō viv- vix- vict- live revive, survivor, victim, vivacity, vivid vocō voc- vocav- vocat- call convocation, provocative volō vol- volav- volat- fly volatile volō vell- volu- – wish benevolent, malevolent, volition, voluntary volvō volv- volv- volūt- roll convolution, evolve, revolution vorō vor- vorav- vorat- swallow carnivore, devour, voracious voveō vov- vov- vot- vow devotion, votive Prepositions and other words used to form compound words
Latin prepositions and other words Word Meaning Prefixes ā, ab away from ab-, a-, abs-, as- ad to, toward ad-, a-, ac-, af-, ag-, ar- aequus equal equi- ambo both ambi-, amb- ante before ante-, anti- bis twice bi-, bis- circum around circum- cis this side of cis- contrā against, opposite to contra-, contro- cum together, with con-, co-, col-, com-, cor- dē down from de- dexter right, to the right hand dextro- dis- apart dis-, di-, dif-, dir- ex, ē from, out of ex-, e-, ef- extrā outside extra- in in, into in-, il-, im-, ir- īnfrā below infra- inter among, between inter-, intel- intrā within intra-, intro- iuxtā beside juxta- malus bad mal- multus much, many multi- non not non- ob, obs toward, against, in the way of, by reason of ob-, oc-, of-, op- paene almost pen- per thorough, through per- post after, behind post- prae before pre- praeter by, past preter- prō for, in front of pro-, por-, prod- (re) again, back re-, red- retro backwards retro- sē apart, without se-, sed- sub from below, under, up to, close to sub-, su-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sus- subter beneath subter- super above, over super- suprā above, more than supra- trāns across trans-, tra-, tran- ultrā beyond ultra- See also
- Hybrid word
- Classical compound
- Latin
- Latin influence in English
- List of Greek words with English derivatives
- List of Latin phrases
- Latin Mnemonics
- Latin school
- List of Latin abbreviations
- List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names
- List of Latinised names
- List of legal Latin terms
- Medical terminology
- Romanization (cultural)
- Toponymy
- Greek and Latin roots in English
External links
Categories:- Latin loanwords
- Latin words and phrases
- History of the English language
- Lists of English words of foreign origin
-
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