Lative case

Lative case

Lative is a case which indicates motion to a location. It corresponds to the English prepositions "to" and "into". The lative case belongs to the group of the general local cases together with the locative and separative case.

The lative case is typical of the Uralic languages and it was one of the Proto-Uralic cases. It still exists in many Uralic languages, e.g. Finnish, Erzya, Moksha, and Meadow Mari.

It is also found in the Northeast Caucasian languages, such as Tsez, Bezhta and Khwarshi.

The lative case in Finnish

In Finnish, the lative case is largely obsolete. It still occurs in various adverbs, e.g. "alas" "down", "kauemmas" "(moving) farther off", "pois" "(going) away", and "rannemmas" "towards and closer to the shore". The lative suffix is usually "-s".

In modern Finnish, it has been superseded by a more complicated system of locative cases and enclitics.

The lative case in Tsez

In the Northeast Caucasian languages, such as Tsez, the lative also takes up the functions of the dative case in marking the recipient or beneficient of an action. By some linguists, they are still regarded as two separate cases in those languages, although the suffixes are the exact same for both cases. Other linguists list them separately only for the purpose of separating syntactic cases from locative cases. An example with the ditransitive verb "show" (literally: "make see") is given below::


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