National emblem

For the march, see National Emblem.

A national emblem symbolically represents a nation. Most national emblems originate in the natural world, such as animals or birds, but another object may serve. National emblems may appear on many things such as the national flag, coat of arms, or other patriotic materials. One should not confuse a formal national emblem with less formal symbols perhaps associated with tourism or clichés, for example windmills in the Netherlands. Many unofficial symbols are as or even more important than the official ones. However official symbols are defined by law, which guarantees the proper use of them.

The national emblems of nations of the world in alphabetical order.

National animals (National fauna)

Main articles: List of national animals and List of national birds

• Afghanistan – Marco Polo Sheep (national animal) and Lion (official); Eagle (national bird)
• Argentina – Puma, Rufous Hornero (bird)
• Armenia – Eagle and Dragon
• Albania – Double-headed eagle
• Australia – Kangaroo, Emu, Koala
• Austria – Eagle (Bundesadler)
• Bahamas – West Indian Flamingo (national bird), Blue Marlin (national fish)
• Bangladesh – Royal Bengal Tiger (National Animal), Magpie Robin (National Bird), Ilish (National Fish: Also known as Hilsa Fish)
• Barbados – Brown Pelican (national bird), Dolphin fish (national fish), Flying Fish (national dish)
• Belarus – Wisent
• Belgium – Lion (Leo Belgicus)
• Belize- Baird's Tapir
• Bhutan – Takin (Budorcas taxicolor tibetana)
• Bolivia – Llama, Condor
• Brazil – Jaguar, Macaw
• Bulgaria – Lion
• Cambodia – Lion, Kouprey (mammal) , Giant Ibis (bird), Elephant
• Canada – Beaver, Canadian Horse (both official); commonly upheld as symbols, though unofficial: Canada Lynx, Grizzly Bear, Mackerel, Cougar, Polar Bear, Grey Wolf, Orca Whale
• Chile – Condor, Huemul
• People's Republic of China – Chinese Dragon, Giant panda (mammal)
• Colombia – Andean Condor
• Costa Rica – Clay-colored Robin (bird), White-tailed deer (animal)
• Croatia – Dalmatian, Marten
• Cyprus – Cyprus Mouflon, Dove
• Cuba – Cuban Crocodile
• Czech Republic – Double-tailed Lion
• Denmark – Lion, Mute Swan
• Dominican Republic – Palmchat (official), Ashy-faced Owl, Hispaniolan Parrot
• East Timor – Crocodile
• Ecuador -Andean Condor
• Egypt – Saladin's Eagle
• El Salvador – Turquoise-browed Motmot – Eumomota superciliosa (Torogoz)
• England - Lion
• Eritrea – Camel
• Estonia – Barn Swallow
• Ethiopia – Abyssinian Lion (also known as the Lion of Judah)
• Finland – Lion, Whooper Swan, Brown Bear, European perch, Ladybird
• France – Gallic rooster
• Germany – Eagle, (Bundesadler)
• Greece – Dolphin, Phoenix
• Guatemala – Quetzal
• Guyana – Canje Pheasant, Jaguar
• Haiti – Hispaniolan Trogon (official), Hispaniolan Parrot
• Honduras – White-tailed deer, Scarlet Macaw
• Hungary – Turul
• Iceland – Falcon
• India – Royal Bengal Tiger ^[1](national animal), Peacock^[2](national bird), King Cobra (national reptile), Gangetic River Dolphin^[3] (national aquatic animal), Elephant (National heritage animal)
• Indonesia – Garuda (mythical vahana of Vishnu) or Javan Hawk-eagle, Komodo dragon
• Iran – Lion
• Ireland – Irish Wolfhound Irish Setter Irish Elk
• Israel – Hoopoe
• Italy – Italian wolf
• Jamaica – Green-and-black Streamertail
• Japan – Pheasant, Koi
• North Korea – Korean Tiger
• South Korea – Korean Tiger
• Laos – Elephant
• Republic of Macedonia – Lion (in Macedonian heraldry), Lynx, Ohrid trout
• Malaysia – Malayan Tiger
• Maldives – Yellowfin tuna
• Malta – Blue Rock Thrush (bird), Pharaoh Hound
• Mexico – Golden Eagle
• Moldova – Aurochs
• Montenegro – Montenegrin Mountain Hound
• Nepal – Cow
• Netherlands – Lion
• New Zealand – Kiwi
• Nicaragua – Turquoise-browed Motmot
• Norway – Lion, Goldcrest
• Ossetia – Snow Leopard
• Pakistan – Markhor (national animal), Chukar (national bird)
• Palestine – Palestine Sunbird
• Panama – Harpy Eagle
• Papua New Guinea – Raggiana Bird of Paradise^[4]
• Peru – Vicuña (National animal), Andean Cock-of-the-rock (National bird)
• Philippines – Philippine Eagle (National bird), Carabao (National animal)
• Poland – White-tailed Eagle
• Puerto Rico – Coqui
• Portugal – Galo de Barcelos
• Qatar – Oryx
• Romania – Golden Eagle
• Russia – Bear, Golden Bicephalic Eagle
• Saint Kitts and Nevis – Vervet Monkey (mammal), Brown Pelican (bird)
• Scotland - Unicorn
• Serbia – Serbian eagle (= a White Bicephalic Eagle), Wolf
• Singapore – Merlion, Lion
• Slovenia – Lipizzan, Goldenhorn, Proteus, Lynx, Alpine Ibex, Carniolan honey bee
• South Africa – Springbok Antelope, Elephant
• Spain – Bull (unofficial; e.g. Osborne bull)
• Sri Lanka – Jungle Fowl(National Bird), Blue Lily (National Flower)
• Sudan – Secretary Bird
• Sweden – Lion, Mountain Hare
• Syrian Arab Republic – Hawk of Qureish
• Republic of China (Taiwan) – Masu salmon^{[citation needed]}, Formosan blue magpie (bird)
• Tanzania – Peacock
• Thailand – Thai Elephant
• Trinidad and Tobago – Scarlet Ibis (bird of Trinidad), Rufous-vented Chachalaca (bird of Tobago)
• United Arab Emirates – Peregrine Falcon, Arabian Horse
• Uganda – Grey Crowned Crane
• United Kingdom – Lion and Unicorn, Bulldog, Lion
• United States of America – Bald Eagle, American Bison
• Venezuela – Turpial
• Vietnam - Water Buffalo, Dragon

Flowers

See Floral emblem

• Bolivia - Patujú and Kantuta
• Pakistan - Jasminum officinale - Poet's Jasmine
• India - Lotus - Nelumbo Nucipera Gaertn ^[5]
• Iran – Tulip (depicted on the Flag of Iran)
• Bangladesh - White Water Lily
• South Africa - King Protea
• Republic of China (Taiwan) - Plum blossom (梅花)
• Vietnam - Lotus

Fruits

See List of national fruits

• Pakistan – Mango (Summer fruit) and Guava (Winter fruit)
• India – Mango^[6]
• Bangladesh – Jackfruit

Trees

Main article: List of national trees

• Antigua – whitewood
• Albania – Olive
• Australia – Golden Wattle (Acacia pycnantha)
• Argentina – Ceibo
• Bangladesh – Mango Tree
• The Bahamas – Lignum Vitae (Guaiacum sanctum)^[7]
• Belize – Honduras Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla)
• Bhutan – Bhutan Cypress (Cupressus cashmeriana)
• Brazil – Tabebuia alba
• Cambodia – Palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer)^[8]
• Canada – Maple, the Maple Leaf, (especially the stylized flag version) being the most internationally recognizable Canadian symbol.
• Chile – Araucaria araucana
• People's Republic of China – Gingko biloba
• Colombia – Quindio wax palm (Ceroxylon quindiuense)
• Costa Rica – Guanacaste (Enterolobium cyclocarpum)
• Croatia – Slavonian Oak
• Cuba – Palma Real (Roystonea regia)^[9]
• Cyprus – Golden oak (Quercus alnifolia)
• Czech Republic – linden
• Denmark – beech
• Dominican Republic – West Indian Mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni)^[10]
• El Salvador – Maquilishuat – (Tabebuia rosea)
• Estonia – Oak
• Finland – Birch, Silver Birch
• Germany – Oak
• Greece – Olive, Laurel
• Guatemala – Ceiba
• Honduras – Hazelnut pine
• India – Banyan^[11]
• Indonesia – Teak
• Ireland – Sessile Oak
• State of Israel – Olive
• Italy – Olive & Oak
• Jamaica – Blue Mahoe (Talipariti elatum)
• Japan – Cherry blossom
• North Korea – Magnolia
• South Korea – Pine
• Lebanon – Lebanon Cedar
• Madagascar – Baobab
• Maldives – Coconut palm
• Malta – Għargħar
• Mexico – Ahuehuete (Taxodium mucronatum)^[12]
• Moldova – Oak
• Nepal – Rhododendron
• New Zealand – Silver fern
• Pakistan – Deodar (Cedrus Deodara)
• Palestine – Olive
• Panama – Panama tree (Sterculia apetala)
• Paraguay – lapacho (Tabebuia impetiginosa)
• Peru – Cinchona – Kiwicha
• Philippines – Narra
• Poland – Alder^[13]
• Portugal – Olive tree, Cork oak
• Quebec – Yellow Birch^[14]
• Russia – Birch tree
• Saudi Arabia – Phoenix palm
• Senegal – Baobab
• Serbia – Oak and Serbian Spruce (Picea omorika)
• Slovakia – Linden
• Slovenia – Tilia (linden)
• South Africa – Real yellowwood
• Sri Lanka – Mesua ferrea
• Tanzania – African Blackwood
• Thailand – Rachapruek (Cassia fistula)
• Ukraine – Guelder Rose, Willow, Pine
• United Arab Emirates - Ghaf
• United Kingdom – Royal Oak
• United States – Oak
• Uruguay – Peltophorum dubium
• Venezuela – Araguaney (Tabebuia chrysantha)
• Vietnam – Bamboo, Rice

Inanimate objects

• Albania – castle of Kruja
• Argentina – Yerba mate
• Armenia – Mount Ararat
• Australia – Southern Cross (5 stars), Federation Star
• Azerbaijan – Fire
• Bangladesh ?
• Brazil – Southern Cross, Christ the Redeemer, Sugarloaf Mountain
• Canada – Niagara Falls, North Pole, Avro Arrow, Canadarm, Bluenose, Canadian National Railway, Snowbirds, Cheddar, Maple Syrup, Snowmobile, Hockey, Basketball
• People's Republic of China – Tiananmen, The Great Wall
• Chile – Pisco
• Cambodia – Angkor Wat
• Colombia – Poporo Quimbaya
• Croatia – Checkerboard (šahovnica), Croatian wattle
• Denmark – The Round Tower
• Estonia – Limestone
• Egypt – Pyramids of Giza
• France – Fleur-de-lis
• Germany – Iron Cross
• Greece – Parthenon, sea
• Guatemala – Temple I of Tikal, St. Clara's Arch in Antigua Guatemala, Lake Atitlan
• India – the Lion Capital of Asoka, spinning wheel (Asoka Chakra) ^[15]
• Indonesia – Borobudur
• Iran – Takht e Jamshid (Persepolis)
• Ireland – Celtic harp called a clairseach (official), harp on coat of arms etc. (official), Celtic Cross, Newgrange
• Israel – the menorah
• Italy – Stellone d'Italia
• Japan – the Sun, depicted without rays, Mount Fuji
• South Korea – Taegeuk, Namdaemun
• Laos – the Pha That Luang
• Lebanon – Baalbek, Byblos
• Republic of Macedonia – Makedonium (monument)
• Malaysia – Petronas Tower
• Malta – Ħaġar Qim, Mnajdra, Azure Window
• New Zealand – Southern Cross (4 stars)
• Pakistan – Minar-e-Pakistan (Tower of Pakistan)
• Palestine ?
• Philippines – Eight-Rayed Sun and Three Stars
• Peru – Machu Picchu, Pisco and Cajón
• Poland – the old Castle
• Portugal – Belém Tower, Armillary sphere
• Russia – Moscow Kremlin, Saint Basil's Cathedral, Matryoshka doll, AK47
• Saudi Arabia – the sword of a thousand truths
• Serbia – Serbian cross, Plain of Kosovo
• Slovenia – Triglav with Aljaž Tower
• Soviet Union – Hammer and sickle
• Sweden – Three Crowns
• Switzerland – Alphorn
• Republic of China (Taiwan) – Blue Sky with a White Sun
• Thailand – Grand Palace, Ko Tapu
• United Kingdom – The Crown (currently St Edward's Crown)
• United States – Statue of Liberty, Mount Rushmore, Liberty Bell
• Vietnam – Văn Miếu, Dong Son drums

Nationalized patriotic symbols

• Albania – Double-headed eagle
• Argentina – Sun of May
• Australia – Southern Cross
• Bangladesh – Red Sun
• Bosnia and Herzegovina – Lilium bosniacum
• Bhutan – Dragon
• Brazil – Southern Cross
• Canada – Maple Leaf
• Chile – Lonely Star
• People's Republic of China – The Great Wall
• Croatia – Chequy
• Finland – Finland's Lion
• France – Fleur-de-lis (Ancien Régime)
• Germany – Iron Cross
• Greece – Greek Cross, Double-headed eagle, Vergina Sun
• Hungary – Patriarchal cross and three mountains, Árpád's lines, Holy Crown
• India – Ashoka Chakra, Lion Capital of Asoka
• Indonesia – Garuda Pancasila
• Iran – Lion and Sun, Coat of arms of Iran
• Ireland – Harp, Shamrock
• Isle of Man – Triskelion
• Israel – Star of David
• Italy – Italia Turrita
• Japan – Chrysanthemum Throne, Imperial Seal of Japan
• South Korea – Taegeuk
• Lebanon – Cedar
• Republic of Macedonia – eight-rayed sun, Vergina Sun
• Malaysia – Bintang Persekutuan (Federal Stars)
• Malta – George Cross, Maltese Cross
• Oman – National Emblem of Oman
• Pakistan Star and crescent
• Palestine ?
• Peru – Inti (Inca's Sun God)
• Poland – White Eagle (Orzeł Biały) and occasionally [White stork]
• Portugal – Armillary sphere, The five Quinas (escutcheons), Cross of the Order of Christ
• Russia - Red Star, Spasskaya Tower, Khokhloma
• Serbia – Serbian cross
• Singapore – Lion head
• Sri Lanka – Lion and Sword
• Slovakia – patriarchal cross and three mountains
• Soviet Union – Red Star, Red Banner
• Spain – Pillars of Hercules
• Sweden – Three Crowns
• Switzerland – Swiss cross
• Turkey – star and crescent
• Ukraine – Tryzub
• United Kingdom – Union Flag
  • England – Tudor Rose, Lion, The Crown, Royal Crest, Saint George's Flag and cross.
  • Scotland – Saltire (St. Andrew's Cross}
• United States – Statue of Liberty, Bald Eagle
• Uruguay – Sun of May
• Vietnam – Yellow lotus
• Venezuela – The Seven Stars, arranged in semicircle.
• Europe – 12 yellow stars arranged in a circle representing the Europe – first adopted by the Council of Europe which is does not have a link with the European Union in 1955 and then adopted by the European Union in 1986

Patron saints

• Argentina – Virgin of Luján
• Australia - Mary McKillop
• Austria – Saint Leopold
• Brazil – Our Lady of Aparecida
• Bulgaria – Saint John of Rila
• Canada – Jean de Brébeuf and the seven other Canadian Martyrs
• Canada (French) – John the Baptist, Saint Anne, and any that are listed in Canadian Saints, including Jean de Brébeuf and the seven other Roman Catholic saints of Canada. On the secular side, Canadians jocularly claim jolly fat Santa Claus due to the location of his North Pole home. Note: Canadians concede the more serious claim of Greek bishop Saint Nicholas to Myra (now in Turkey).
• Chile – Virgin of Carmen
• Colombia – Sacred Heart
• Croatia – Saint Joseph
• Cuba – Our Lady of Charity
• Cyprus – Mary, Lazarus, Barnabas and Paul
• Czech Republic – Saint Vojtěch (Adalbert), Saint Wenceslas
• Denmark – Saint Knud
• England – Saint George
• Estonia – Mary
• Ethiopia – Saint George
• Europe- Saint Benedict, Saints Cyril and Methodius
• Finland – Saint Henry
• France – Saint Louis IX
• Georgia – Saint George, Saint Nina
• Germany – Saint Michael (Patron of the German People), Saint Boniface (Apostle of the Germans)
• Greece – Mary, Saint Andrew, Saint George, Saint Nicholas
• Honduras – Our Lady of Suyapa
• Hungary – Mary, Saint Steven of Hungary
• Iceland – Saint Þorlac
• Ireland – Saint Patrick, Saint Brigid of Kildare, Saint Colmcille
• Italy – Saint Francis of Assisi, Saint Catherine of Siena
• Japan – Francis Xavier, Paul Miki
• Korea – Mary, Andrew Kim Taegon
• Lebanon – Saint Maron, Saint Charbel, Saint Rafka
• Republic of Macedonia – Saint Clement of Ohrid
• Malta – Saint Paul of Tarsus, Saint Publius, Saint George Preca
• Mexico – Our Lady of Guadalupe
• Montenegro – Saint George
• Netherlands – Willibrord^[16]
• Nigeria – Saint Patrick
• Norway – Saint Olav
• Paraguay – Saint Blaise
• Peru – Lord of Miracles, Saint Rose of Lima, Saint Martin of Porres
• Philippines – Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception, Saint Lorenzo Ruiz, Blessed Pedro Calungsod
• Poland – Our Lady of Czestochowa, Saint Wojciech (Adalbert)
• Portugal – Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception, Saint Anthony of Lisbon, Saint George and Our Lady of Fátima
• Romania – Saint Andrew, Saint John of Vlakh
• Russia – Mary, Saint Nicholas, Saint Andrew, Saint George, Saint Alexander Nevsky, Saint Sergius of Radonezh, Saint Seraphim of Sarov
• Scotland – Saint Andrew
• Serbia – Saint Sava
• Slovakia – Mary
• Spain – Saint James the Great
• Sweden – Saint Eric, Saint Birgitta
• United States of America – Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception
• Venezuela – Our Lady of Coromoto
• Vietnam – Ho Chi Minh
• Wales – Saint David

River

• India - Ganga or Ganges^[17]
• Pakistan – Sindhu or Indus (unofficial)

Calendar

• India - Saka ^[18]
• Israel - Jewish calendar
• Iran - Persian Calendar

References

1. ^ http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_animal.php
2. ^ http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_bird.php
3. ^ http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_aquatic_animal.php
4. ^ "PNG Flag and National Anthem". USA Embassy of Papua New Guinea. http://www.pngembassy.org/flag.html. Retrieved October 4, 2009. 
5. ^ http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_flower.php
6. ^ http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_fruit.php
7. ^ "National Symbols of the Bahamas". Bahamas Facts and Figures. TheBahamasGuide. http://www.thebahamasguide.com/facts/holidays.htm. Retrieved 2009-10-12. 
8. ^ "Royal Decree on Designation of Animals and Plants as National Symbols of the Kingdom of Cambodia" (PDF). Forestry Administration of Cambodia. http://www.forestry.gov.kh/Documents/ROYAL-DECREE-ENG.pdf. Retrieved 2007-06-08. 
9. ^ "Cuban Royal Palm (Roystonea regia), national tree of Cuba". Cuba Naturaleza. http://www.cubanaturaleza.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=30&Itemid=31. Retrieved 2009-04-21. 
10. ^ "History of the Dominican Republic". Real Estate Las Terrenas. http://www.las-terrenas-immobilier.com/samana_real_estate_las_terrenas/dominican_republic_las_terrenas.html. Retrieved 2009-01-26. 
11. ^ http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_tree.php
12. ^ Rodd, Tony; Jennifer Stackhouse (2008). Trees: A Visual Guide. University of California Press. p. 172. ISBN 9780520256507. http://books.google.com/books?id=Mpsc2hsYk1YC&source=gbs_navlinks_s. 
13. ^ After November Uprising [1]
14. ^ "National Flag and Emblems". Government of Quebec portal. Government of Quebec. 25 September 2010. http://www.gouv.qc.ca/portail/quebec/pgs/commun/portrait/drapeau/?lang=en. Retrieved 25 November 2010. 
15. ^ http://india.gov.in/knowindia/state_emblem.php
16. ^ http://www.katholieknederland.nl/abc/detail_objectID584752_FLetterW.html
17. ^ http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_river.php
18. ^ http://india.gov.in/knowindia/national_calendar.php

See also

• Iconography
• List of national flags
• List of national airlines
• Floral emblem