1960

This article is about the year 1960.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	19th century – 20th century – 21st century
Decades:	1930s  1940s  1950s  – 1960s –  1970s  1980s  1990s
Years:	1957 1958 1959 – 1960 – 1961 1962 1963

1960 by topic:

Subject

Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Aviation – Awards – Comics – Film – Literature (Poetry) – Meteorology – Music (Country) – Rail transport – Radio – Science – Spaceflight – Sports – Television

By country

Australia – Canada – People's Republic of China – Ecuador – France – Germany – Greece – India – Ireland – Israel – Italy – Japan – Luxembourg – Malaya – Mexico – New Zealand – Norway – Pakistan – Philippines – Singapore – South Africa– Soviet Union – UK – USA

Leaders

Sovereign states – State leaders – Religious leaders – Law

Birth and death categories

Births – Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments – Disestablishments

Works and introductions categories

Works – Introductions

v · d · e

1960 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1960 MCMLX
Ab urbe condita	2713
Armenian calendar	1409 ԹՎ ՌՆԹ
Assyrian calendar	6710
Bahá'í calendar	116 – 117
Bengali calendar	1367
Berber calendar	2910
British Regnal year	8 Eliz. 2 – 9 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar	2504
Burmese calendar	1322
Byzantine calendar	7468 – 7469
Chinese calendar	己亥年十二月初三日 (4596/4656-12-3) — to — 庚子年十一月十四日 (4597/4657-11-14)
Coptic calendar	1676 – 1677
Ethiopian calendar	1952 – 1953
Hebrew calendar	5720 – 5721
Hindu calendars
- Bikram Samwat	2016 – 2017
- Shaka Samvat	1882 – 1883
- Kali Yuga	5061 – 5062
Holocene calendar	11960
Iranian calendar	1338 – 1339
Islamic calendar	1379 – 1380
Japanese calendar	Shōwa 35 (昭和35年)
Korean calendar	4293
Minguo calendar	ROC 49 民國49年
Thai solar calendar	2503
This box: view · talk · edit

Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. It was the first year of the 1960s and is also known as the "Year of Africa".

Events

January

Main article: January 1960

• January – The state of emergency is lifted in Kenya, officially ending the Mau Mau Uprising.
• January 1 – Cameroon gains its independence from French-administered U.N. trusteeship.
• January 2 – U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy (D-MA) announces his candidacy for the Democratic presidential nomination.
• January 9–January 11 – Aswan High Dam construction begins in Egypt.
• January 10 – British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan makes the Wind of Change speech for the first time (see February 3).
• January 14 – The Reserve Bank and Commonwealth Bank are created in Australia.
• January 19 – The Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan is signed in Washington, D.C.
• January 21 – A mine collapses at Coalbrook, South Africa, killing 500 miners.
• January 22
  • In France, President Charles de Gaulle fires Jacques Massu, the commander-in-chief of the French troops in Algeria.
  • Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh descend into the Mariana Trench in the bathyscaphe Trieste, reaching the depth of 10,911 meters (35,797 feet) and become the first human beings (and so far the only) to reach the lowest spot on Earth.
• January 24 – A major insurrection occurs in Algiers against French colonial policy.
• January 25 – In Washington, D.C., the National Association of Broadcasters reacts to the payola scandal by threatening fines for any disc jockeys who accepted money for playing particular records.
• January 30 – The African National Party is founded in Chad, through the merger of traditionalist parties.

February

Main article: February 1960

• February 1 – In Greensboro, North Carolina, four black students from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University begin a sit-in at a segregated Woolworth's lunch counter. Although they are refused service, they are allowed to stay at the counter. The event triggers many similar nonviolent protests throughout the Southern United States, and six months later the original four protesters are served lunch at the same counter.

A section of lunch counter from the Greensboro, North Carolina Woolworth's where the Greensboro sit-ins began is now preserved in the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of American History

• February 3 – Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Harold Macmillan makes the Wind of Change speech to the South African Parliament in Cape Town (although he had first made the speech, to little publicity, in Accra, Gold Coast – now Ghana – on January 10).
• February 5 – The first CERN particle accelerator becomes operational in Geneva, Switzerland.
• February 9
  • Joanne Woodward receives the first star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in Southern California.
  • Adolph Coors III, the chairman of the board of the Coors Brewing Company, is kidnapped, and his captors demand a ransom of $500,000. Coors was later found murdered, and Joseph Corbett, Jr., is indicted for the crime.
• February 10 – A conference about the proposed independence of the Belgian Congo begins in Brussels, Belgium.
• February 11
  • The N class blimp ZPG-3W of the U.S. Navy is destroyed during a storm over Massachusetts.
  • Twelve Indian soldiers die in clashes with Red Chinese troops along their small common border.
• February 13 – France tests its first atomic bomb - in the Sahara Desert of Algeria.
• February 18 – The 1960 Winter Olympic Games begin at the Squaw Valley Ski Resort, in Placer County, California.
• February 26 – A New York bound Alitalia airliner crashes into a cemetery at Shannon, Ireland, shortly after takeoff, killing 34 of the 52 persons on board.
• February 29 – The 1960 Agadir earthquake completely destroys the town of Agadir, Morocco.

March

Main article: March 1960

• March 3 – Elvis Presley returns home from Germany, after being away on duty for 2 years.
• March 6
  • Vietnam War: The United States announces that 3,500 American soldiers will be sent to Vietnam.
  • The Canton of Geneva in Switzerland gives women the right to vote.
• March 17 – Northwest Airlines Flight 710 crashes near Tell City, Indiana, killing all 63 on board.
• March 21 – The Sharpeville massacre in South Africa results in more than 69 dead, 300 injured.
• March 22 – Arthur Leonard Schawlow & Charles Hard Townes receive the first patent for a laser.
• March 23 – Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev meets French president Charles de Gaulle in Paris.
• March 29 – Tom Pillibi by Jacqueline Boyer (music by André Popp, text by Pierre Cour) wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1960 for France.

April

Main article: April 1960

• April 1
  • Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad, 1st Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia, dies in office. He is replaced by Hisamuddin Alam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah, Sultan of Selangor.
  • The United States launches the first weather satellite, TIROS-1.
  • The 1960 United States Census begins. There are 179,323,175 U.S. residents on this day.^[1] All people from Latin America are listed as white, including blacks from the Dominican Republic, European whites from Argentina and Mexicans who resemble Native Americans.
• April 4
  • At the 32nd Academy Awards ceremony, Ben-Hur wins a record number of Oscars, including Best Picture.
  • Elvis Presley's song "Are You Lonesome Tonight" is recorded for the first time
• April 12 – Eric Peugeot, the youngest son of the founder of the Peugeot Corporation, is kidnapped in Paris. Then, he is released on April 15 in exchange for $300,000 in ransom.
• April 13
  • United States launches navigation satellite Transit I-b.
  • The proposed mass-production of the Blue Streak missile is canceled.
• April 16 – The gunman David Pratt shoots South African Prime Minister Henrik Verwoerd in Johannesburg, wounding him seriously.
• April 17 – Russwood Park, a baseball stadium in Memphis, Tennessee, burns to the ground from a fire shortly after a Chicago White Sox versus Cleveland Indians Major League Baseball game.
• April 19 – April Revolution: South Korean students hold a nationwide pro-democracy protest against President Syngman Rhee. Thus eventually leads him to resign from that office.
• April 21 – In Brazil, the country's capital (Federal District) is relocated from the city of Rio de Janeiro to the new city, Brasília, in the highlands. The actual city of Rio de Janeiro becomes the State of Guanabara.
• April 27 – Togo gains independence from France, with the French-administered United Nations Trust Territory being terminated.

May

Main article: May 1960

• May 1
  • Several Soviet surface-to-air missiles shoot down an American Lockheed U-2 spy plane. Its pilot, Francis Gary Powers, of the Central Intelligence Agency is captured.
  • In India, May 1 is declared as 'Maharashtra Divas', i.e., Maharashtra Day (also celebrated as 'Kaamgaar Divas', i.e., Workers Day).
• May 3
  • European Free Trade Association (EFTA) established.
  • The Fantasticks, the world's longest-running musical, opens at New York City's Sullivan Street Playhouse where it would play for 42 years.
• May 4
  • West German refugee minister Theodor Oberländer is fired because of his past with Nazi Germany.
  • A.J. Liebling promulgates Liebling's Law in The New Yorker magazine: "Freedom of the press is guaranteed only to those who own one."
• May 6 – President of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower signs the Civil Rights Act of 1960 into law.
• May 9 – The U.S. Food and Drug Administration announces that it will approve birth control as an additional indication for Searle's Enovid, making it the world's first approved oral contraceptive pill.
• May 10 – The nuclear submarine USS Triton, under the command of Captain Edward L. Beach, Jr., completes the first underwater circumnavigation of the Earth codenamed Operation Sandblast.
• May 11 – In Buenos Aires, four Mossad agents abduct the fugitive Nazi criminal against humanity, Adolf Eichmann, in order that he could be taken to Israel and put on trial. Eichmann was later convicted and executed.
• May 13 – A joint Swiss & Austrian expedition makes the first ascent of the Asian mountain, Dhaulagiri, the world's 7th highest mountain.
• May 14 – The Kenyan African National Congress Party is founded in Kenya, when 3 political parties join forces.
• May 15 – The satellite Sputnik 4 is launched into orbit by the Soviet Union.
• May 16
  • Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev demands an apology from President Dwight D. Eisenhower for the U-2 reconnaissance plane flights over the Soviet Union, thus aborting the summit meeting scheduled for Paris in 1960.
  • Theodore Maiman operates the first laser.
• May 20 – In Japan, police carry away socialist members of the Diet of Japan. The Diet next approves a mutual security treaty with the United States.
• May 22 – The Great Chilean Earthquake: Chile's subduction fault ruptures from Talcahuano to Taitao Peninsula, causing the most powerful earthquake on record (with a magnitude of 9.5) and a tsunami. Because of its power, the seismographs in the city of Valdivia are overloaded and malfunction through the entire earthquake.
• May 23 – Prime Minister of Israel David Ben-Gurion announces that Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann has been captured.
• May 27 – In Turkey, a bloodless military coup d'état removes President Celal Bayar and installs General Cemal Gürsel the as head of state.
• May 30 – Cemal Gürsel forms the new government of Turkey (its 24th government, composed mostly of so-called "technocrats")

June

Main article: June 1960

• June 1 – New Zealand's first television station begins broadcasting in the city of Auckland.
• June 7 – U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy wins the California Democratic primary.
• June 9 – Typhoon Mary kills 1,600 people in China.
• June 15
  • Violent demonstrations at Tokyo University result in 182 arrests, 589 injuries.
  • The BC Ferries company, later to become the second-largest ferry operator in the world, commences service between Tsawwassen and Swartz Bay, British Columbia, Canada.
• June 19 – The Associated Broadcasting Company (now TV5) is founded in the Philippines.
• June 20 – The short-lived Mali Federation, consisting of the Sudanese Republic (now the Republic of Mali) and Senegal, gains independence from France.
• June 23 – The Japanese prime minister, Nobusuke Kishi, announces his resignation.
• June 24 – Joseph Kasavubu is elected as the first President of the independent Congo.
• June 26
  • British Somaliland gains independence] from the United Kingdom. Five days later it unites with Somalia (the former Italian Somaliland) to create the modern Somali Republic.
  • The Malagasy Republic, now Madagascar, becomes independent from France
• June 30
  • The Belgian Congo gains independence from Belgium as the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville); civil war follows.
  • Public demonstrations by democratic and left forces, against Italian government support of the post-fascist Italian Social Movement, are heavily suppressed by police.

July

Main article: July 1960

• July 1
  • Ghana becomes a republic and Kwame Nkrumah becomes its first President.
  • Cold War: A Soviet Air Force MiG-15 fighter plane flying north of Murmansk, Russia, over the Barents Sea shoots down a six-man RB-47 Stratojet reconnaissance plane of the U.S. Air Force. Four of the U.S. Air Force officers are killed, and the two survivors are held prisoner in the Soviet Union
  • Italian Somaliland gains its independence from Italy, 5 days after British Somaliland, with which it unites to form the Somali Republic.
• July 4 – Following the admission of the State of Hawaii as the 50th state in August 1959, the new 50-star Flag of the United States is first officially flown over Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
• July 10 – The Soviet Union national football team defeats the Yugoslavian national football team 2–1 in Paris to win the first European Soccer Championship.
• July 11
  • Moise Tshombe declares the Congolese province of Katanga independent. He requests and receives help from Belgium.
  • Harper Lee publishes her novel To Kill a Mockingbird, which later wins the Pulitzer Prize for the best American novel of 1960.
• July 13 – The U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy is nominated for President of the United States at the Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles.
• July 14 – The United Nations Security Council decides to send troops to Katanga to oversee the withdrawal of Belgian troops.
• July 20 – Ceylon elects Mrs Sirimavo Bandaranaike as its Prime Minister, the world's first elected female head of government. She takes office the following day.
• July 21 – Francis Chichester, English navigator and yachtsman, arrives at New York City aboard his yacht, Gypsy Moth II, crossing the Atlantic Ocean solo in a new record of just forty days.
• July 25 – The Woolworth Company's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, the location of a sit-in that had sparked demonstrations by Negroes across the Southern United States, serves a meal to its first black customer.
• July 25–July 28 – In Chicago, the Republican National Convention nominates Vice-President Richard Nixon as its candidate for President of the United States, and Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr., as its candidate to become the new Vice-President.

August

Main article: August 1960

• August 1 – Dahomey, now known as Benin, becomes independent from France.
• August 3 – Niger becomes independent from France.
• August 5 – Upper Volta, now known as Burkina Faso, becomes independent from France.
• August 6
  • Cuban Revolution: In response to a United States embargo against Cuba, Fidel Castro nationalizes all American and foreign-owned property in Cuba.
  • In the Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville), now the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Albert Kalonji declares the independence of the "Autonomous State of South Kasai".
• August 7 – The Côte d'Ivoire (the Ivory Coast) becomes independent from France.
• August 11 – Chad becomes independent from France.
• August 13 – Ubangi-Shari becomes independent from France, as the "Central African Republic". It later becomes the Central African Empire for some years.
• August 15 – Middle Congo becomes independent from France, as Republic of Congo (Congo-Brazzaville).
• August 16
  • Joseph Kittinger parachutes from a balloon over the State of New Mexico at 102,800 feet (31,333 m). Kittinger set unbeaten (as of 2005^[update]) world records for: high-altitude jump; free-fall by falling 16 miles (25.7 km) before opening his parachute; and also the fastest speed attained by a human being without motorized assistance, 982 km/h (614 mi/h).
  • The Mediterranean island of Cyprus gains its independence from the United Kingdom.
• August 17
  • The newly-named Beatles begin a 48-night residency at the Indra Club in Hamburg, West Germany.
  • Gabon becomes independent from France.
  • The trial of the U - 2 pilot Francis Gary Powers begins in Moscow, Soviet Union
• August 19
  • Cold War: In Moscow, the downed American U - 2 pilot Francis Gary Powers is sentenced to 10 years imprisonment by the Soviet Union for espionage.
  • Sputnik program: The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 5, with the dogs Belka and Strelka (Russian for "Squirrel" and "Little Arrow"), 40 mice, 2 rats and a variety of plants. The spacecraft returns to earth the next day and all animals are recovered safely.
• August 20 – Senegal breaks away from the Mali Federation, declaring its independence.
• August 25
  • The 1960 Summer Olympic Games begin in Rome, Italy.
  • The nuclear submarine USS Seadragon (SSN-584) surfaces at the North Pole, the first submarine ever to do so, and her crew plays softball there.
• August 29 – Hurricane Donna kills 50 in the U.S. state of Florida and in New England.

September

Main article: September 1960

• September 1
  • Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah, Sultan of Selangor and 2nd Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia, dies in office. He is replaced by Tuanku Syed Putra, Raja of Perlis.
  • Disgruntled railroad workers effectively halt operations of the Pennsylvania Railroad, marking the first shutdown in the company's history (the event lasts two days).
• September 2 – The first elections of the Parliament of the Central Tibetan Administration are held. The Tibetan community observes this date as Democracy Day.
• September 5
  • 1960 Summer Olympic Games: Cassius Clay wins the gold medal in light-heavyweight boxing.
  • The Congolese president, Joseph Kasavubu, fires Patrice Lumumba's entire government, and also places Lumumba under house arrest.
• September 6 – William Hamilton Martin and Bernon F. Mitchell, two American cryptologists, announce their defection to the Soviet Union at a press conference in Moscow.
• September 8 – In Huntsville, Alabama, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower formally dedicates the Marshall Space Flight Center (which had been activated by NASA on July 1).
• September 14
  • Colonel Joseph Mobutu takes power in Republic of the Congo via a military coup.
  • The countries of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela form OPEC.
• September 22 – Mali, the sole remaining member of the "Mali Federation" following the withdrawal of Senegal one month earlier, declares its full independence as the Republic of Mali.
• September 26 – The leading candidates for President of the United States, Richard Nixon and John F. Kennedy, made the first televised debate.

October

Main article: October 1960

• October 1 – Nigeria becomes independent from United Kingdom, and Nnamdi Azikiwe becomes its first native-born Governor General.
  • Cameroon declared independence from United Kingdom.
• October 3 – Jânio Quadros is elected the President of Brazil for a five-year term.
• October 5 – White South Africans vote to make the country a republic.
• October 7 – Nigeria becomes the 99th member of the United Nations.
• October 12
  • Cold War: Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev pounds his shoe on a table at a meeting of the United Nations General Assembly, his way of protesting the discussion of the Soviet Union's policies toward Eastern Europe.
  • Otoya Yamaguchi assassinates Inejiro Asanuma, the chairman of the Japanese Socialist Party.
• October 13 – The Pittsburgh Pirates won the 1960 World Series of baseball in Game 7, on a home run hit by Bill Mazeroski for a 10–9 victory over the New York Yankees. It was the first time in the history of the Series that a homer had won the championship.^[2]
• October 14 – Presidential candidate John F. Kennedy first suggests the idea for the Peace Corps of the United States.
• October 24 – A large rocket explodes on the launch pad at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, killing at least 90 people of the Soviet space program.
• October 26 – Robert F. Kennedy telephones Coretta Scott King, the wife of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and he also secures King's release from jail regarding a traffic violation in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S..
• October 29 – In Louisville, Kentucky, Cassius Clay (later Muhammad Ali) wins his first professional boxing match.
• October 30 – Dr. Michael Woodruff carries out the first successful kidney transplant in the United Kingdom, in Edinburgh, Scotland, at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary.

November

Main article: November 1960

• November 2 – Penguin Books is found not guilty of obscenity in the case of D. H. Lawrence's novel Lady Chatterley's Lover.
• November 8 – United States presidential election, 1960: In a close race, John F. Kennedy is elected over Richard Nixon, to become (at 43) the second youngest man to serve at the President of the United States, and the youngest man elected to this position.
• November 13 – Sammy Davis, Jr., marries the Swedish actress May Britt.
• November 14
  • Belgium threatens to leave the United Nations over criticism of its policy concerning the Republic of the Congo.
  • A collision between two trains in Pardubice, Czechoslovakia, kills 117 people.
• November 15 – A Polaris missile is test-launched from Cape Canaveral, Florida

November 15: Polaris missile test

• November 22 – The United Nations supports the government of Joseph Kasavubu and Joseph Mobutu in the Republic of the Congo.
• November 24 – The professional basketball player Wilt Chamberlain of the Philadelphia 76ers gets 55 rebounds in an NBA game versus the Boston Celtics.
• November 28 – Mauritania becomes independent of France.

December

Main article: December 1960

• December – African and Malagasy Organisation for Economic Cooperation (OAMCE) (Organisation Africain et Malagache de Coopération Économique) is established.
• December 1
  • Patrice Lumumba, the deposed premier of the Republic of the Congo, is arrested by the troops of Colonel Joseph Mobutu.
  • A Soviet satellite containing live animals and plants is launched into orbit. Due to a malfunction it burns up during re-entry.
• December 2
  • The Archbishop of Canterbury, the Most Rev. Geoffrey Francis Fisher, talks with Pope John XXIII for about one hour in Vatican City. This is the first time that any chief of the Anglican Church had ever visited the Pope.
  • U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the use of $1.0 million for the relief and resettlement of Cuban refugees, who had been arriving in Florida at the rate of about 1,000 per week.
• December 4 – The admission of Mauritania to the United Nations vetoed by the Soviet Union for inscrutable reasons.
• December 5
  • Pierre Lagaillarde, who led the insurrections in 1958 and 1960 in Algeria, fails to appear in court in Paris, France. He had reportedly fled with his four fellow defendants to Spain en route to return to Algeria.
  • Boynton v. Virginia: The Supreme Court declares that segregation in public transportation is illegal in the United States.
• December 7 – The United Nations Security Council is called into session by the Soviet Union in order to consider Soviet demands for the Security Council to seek the immediate release of the former Congolese Premier Patrice Lumumba.
• December 8 – For the first time, the Mary Martin Peter Pan is presented as a stand-alone two-hour special on NBC instead of as part of an anthology series. This version, rather than being presented live, is shown on videotape, enabling NBC to repeat it as often as they wish without having to restage it. Although nearly all of the adult actors repeat their original Broadway roles, all of the original children have, ironically, outgrown their roles and are replaced by new actors.
• December 9
  • French President Charles de Gaulle's visit to Algeria is bloodied by European and Muslim rioters in Algeria's largest cities. These riots caused 127 deaths.
  • The first episode of the classic British TV series Coronation Street is broadcast. Planned as a 13-part drama, it becomes such a success among viewers that it is still shown five times per week as of 2011.
• December 11 – MGM's The Wizard of Oz is rerun on CBS only a year after its previous telecast, thus beginning the tradition of annual telecasts of the film.
• December 12 – The Supreme Court of the United States upholds a lower Federal Court ruling that the State of Louisiana's laws on racial segregation laws are unconstitutional, and overturns them.
• December 13
  • While Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia visits Brazil, his Imperial Bodyguard leads a military coup against his rule, proclaiming that the emperor's son, Crown Prince Asfa Wossen, is the new emperor.
  • The countries of El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua announce the formation of the Central American Common Market.
  • The U.S. Navy's Commander Leroy Heath (the pilot) and Lieutenant Larry Monroe (the bombardier/navigator) establish a world flight-altitude record of 91,450 feet (27,874 m), with payload, in an A-5 Vigilante twinjet bomber carrying a 1,000 kilogram payload, and they better the previous world record by over four miles (6 km).
• December 14 – Antoine Gizenga proclaims in Republic of the Congo, that he has taken over as the premier.
• December 15
  • King Mahendra of Nepal deposes the democratic government there and he takes direct control himself.
  • King Baudouin of Belgium marries Doña Fabiola de Mora y Aragon.
• December 16
  • Secretary of State Christian Herter announces that the United States will commit five nuclear submarines and eighty Polaris missiles to the defense of the NATO countries by the end of 1963.
  • New York air disaster: a United Airlines DC-8 collides in mid-air with a TWA Lockheed Constellation over Staten Island in New York City. All 128 passengers and crewmembers on the two airliners, and six people on the ground, are killed.
• December 17 – Troops loyal to Emperor Haile Selassie I in Ethiopia overcome the coup that began on December 13, returning the reins to the Emperor upon his return from a trip to Brazil. The Emperor absolves his own son of any guilt.
• December 19 – Fire sweeps through the USS Constellation, to become the U.S. Navy's largest aircraft carrier, while she is under construction at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. 50 workers are killed and 150 are injured.
• December 27 – France sets off its third A-bomb test at its nuclear weapons testing range near Reggane, Algeria.
• December 31 – Last day on which the farthing, a coin first minted in England in the 13th century, is legal tender in the United Kingdom.

Ongoing events

• Beginning in 1959, Argentina suffers economic recession.

World population

• World population: 3,021,475,000
  • Africa: 277,398,000
  • Asia: 1,701,336,000
  • Europe: 604,401,000
  • Latin-America: 218,300,000
  • Northern America: 204,152,000
  • Oceania: 15,888,000

Births

January–February

• January 2 – Naoki Urasawa, Japanese manga author and artist
• January 4
  • Michael Stipe, American rock singer (R.E.M.)
  • Art Paul Schlosser, American comedian,singer and song writer
• January 6
  • Kari Jalonen, Finnish ice hockey player
  • Howie Long, American football player
  • Miriam O'Callaghan, Irish television current affairs broadcaster
• January 10
  • Samira Said, Moroccan singer
  • Brian Cowen, Taoiseach of Ireland
• January 12
  • Oliver Platt, Canadian actor
  • Jorge Pupo, Cuban American actor
  • Dominique Wilkins, American basketball player
• January 13 – Kevin Anderson, American actor
• January 20 – Will Wright, American computer game designer
• January 22 – Michael Hutchence, Australian rock musician (INXS) (d. 1997)
• January 23 – Patrick de Gayardon, French skydiver and skysurfing pioneer (d. 1998)
• January 24 – Rick Leventhal, American news journalist
• January 28 – Robert von Dassanowsky, American cultural historian, writer, and producer
• January 29
  • Greg Louganis, American diver
  • Gia Carangi, American model (d. 1986)
  • Sean Kerly, British field hockey player
• January 30 – Alex Titomirov Russian-American businessman
• February 2 – Jari Porttila, Finnish sports journalist
• February 3
  • Kerry Von Erich, American professional wrestler (d. 1993)
  • Joachim Löw, German football manager
• February 7 – James Spader, American actor
• February 13
  • Pierluigi Collina, Italian football (soccer) referee
  • Gary Patterson, American football coach
• February 14 – Jim Kelly, American football player
• February 16 – Cherie Chung, Hong Kong actress
• February 19 – Prince Andrew, Duke of York, British Prince and son of Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
• February 21
  • Henry G. Brinton, American writer and minister
  • Laurent Petitguillaume, French radio and television host
• February 23 – Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan
• February 27 – Andrés Gómez, Ecuadorian tennis player
• February 28 – Dorothy Stratten, Canadian model and actress (d. 1980)
• February 29 – Richard Ramirez, American serial killer

March–April

• March 2 – Hector Calma Filipino basketball player
• March 4
  • Mikko Kuustonen, Finnish singer and songwriter
  • John Mugabi, Ugandan boxer and world Junior Middleweight champion
• March 7
  • Joe Carter, American baseball player
  • Ivan Lendl, Czech tennis player
• March 8 – Finn Carter, American actress
• March 10 – Anne MacKenzie, Scottish broadcaster
• March 12 – Minoru Niihara, Japanese singer (Loudness)
• March 13
  • Adam Clayton, Irish rock bassist (U2)
  • Joe Ranft, American animator (d. 2005)
• March 14 – Kirby Puckett, American baseball player (d. 2006)
• March 16 – Jenny Eclair, British comedian, actress and novelist
• March 18 – Richard Biggs, American actor (d. 2004)
• March 19 – Simo Aalto, Finnish magician
• March 20 – Norm Magnusson, American artist
• March 21 – Ayrton Senna, Brazilian race car driver (d. 1994)
• March 23 – Nicol Stephen, Scottish politician
• March 24 – Nena Kerner, German singer
• March 26 – Marcus Allen, American football player
• March 27
  • Hans Pflügler, German footballer
  • Renato Russo, Brazilian singer (Legião Urbana) (d. 1996)
• April 1 – Michael Praed, British actor
• April 2 – Linford Christie, British athlete
• April 3 – Elizabeth Gracen, American beauty queen, actress, and model
• April 4 – Hugo Weaving, Australian actor
• April 11 – Jeremy Clarkson, English journalist and television show host
• April 13 – Rudi Voller, German footballer and manager
• April 14 – Brad Garrett, American actor
• April 15 – Susanne Bier, Danish film director
• April 16
  • Pierre Littbarski, German footballer and coach
  • Rafael Benítez, Spanish football manager
  • Wahab Akbar, Filipino politician (d. 2007)
• April 18 – Neo Rauch, German painter
• April 19 – Frank Viola, American baseball player
• April 23
  • Valerie Bertinelli, American actress
  • Steve Clark, English guitarist (Def Leppard) (d. 1991)
  • David Gedge, English musician (The Wedding Present and Cinerama)
• April 25 – Michael Lohan, American stockbroker and reality television star, father of Lindsay Lohan
• April 28
  • John Cerutti, American baseball player and announcer (d. 2004)
  • Ian Rankin, Scottish crime novelist

May–June

• May 2 – Gjorge Ivanov, President of Macedonia
• May 3 – Amy Steel, American film actress
• May 4
  • Andrew Denton, Australian television presenter and comedian
  • Werner Faymann, Chancellor of Austria
• May 6 – Roma Downey, Irish-born actress, producer and wife of Mark Burnett
• May 7 – Adam Bernstein, American music video/television director
• May 8 – Eric Brittingham, American rock bassist
• May 9 – Tony Gwynn, American baseball player
• May 10 – Bono, Irish rock singer (U2)
• May 14
  • Ronan Tynan, Irish tenor
  • "Dr. Death" Steve Williams, American professional wrestler (d. 2009)
• May 15 – Julian Jarrold, English film & television director & producer
• May 16 – Landon Deireragea, Nauruan politician
• May 18
  • Jari Kurri, Finnish hockey player
  • Yannick Noah, French tennis player
• May 20 – John Billingsley, American actor
• May 21 – Jeffrey Dahmer, American serial killer (d. 1994)
• May 22 – Hideaki Anno, Japanese director
• May 23 – Linden Ashby, American actor
• May 24
  • Guy Fletcher, British keyboardist (Dire Straits)
  • Kristin Scott Thomas, English actress
• May 25 – Amy Klobuchar, American politician
• May 26 – Rob Murphy, American baseball player
• May 29 – Neil Crone, Canadian actor
• May 31 – Greg Adams, Canadian ice hockey player
• June 4 – Bradley Walsh, English comedian and actor
• June 6 – Steve Vai, American guitarist
• June 8 – Mick Hucknall, English rock singer and songwriter (Simply Red)
• June 12 – Corynne Charby, French model, actress and singer
• June 14 – Peter Mitchell, Australian news reader
• June 16 – Peter Sterling, Australian rugby player
• June 18 – Kevin Drinkell, English footballer
• June 21 – Kevin Harlan, American sports announcer
• June 22 – Erin Brockovich, American environmental activist
• June 28 – John Elway, American football player
• June 30 – Tony Bellotto, Brazilian guitarist and writer

July–August

• July 3
  • Vince Clarke, British musician and composer (Depeche Mode, Erasure)
  • Perrine Pelen, French alpine skier
• July 4 – Sid Eudy, American professional wrestler
• July 5 – Pruitt Taylor Vince, American actor
• July 7 – Kevin A. Ford, American astronaut
• July 8 – Thilo Martinho, German composer, singer-songwriter
• July 9 – Charles Gavin, Brazilian drummer and producer
• July 13 – Ian Hislop, British journalist and broadcaster
• July 14
  • Kyle Gass, American music singer-song-writer-guitarist/actor
  • Jane Lynch, American actress
• July 17
  • Robin Shou, Hong Kong actor
  • Jan Wouters, Dutch football player and manager
• July 19 – Atom Egoyan, Armenian-Canadian film maker
• July 21
  • Ezequiel Viñao, Argentine-born composer
  • Fritz Walter, German footballer
• August 1 – Chuck D, American rapper (Public Enemy)
• August 4
  • José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, Prime Minister of Spain
  • Dean Malenko, American professional wrestler
• August 7 – David Duchovny, American actor
• August 8 – Ulrich Maly, German politician and Mayor of Nuremberg
• August 10
  • Antonio Banderas, Spanish actor
  • Kenny Perry, American golfer
• August 12 – Laurent Fignon, French road bicycle racer (d. 2010)
• August 13
  • Koji Kondo, Japanese composer
  • Phil Taylor, English darts player
• August 14 – Sarah Brightman, English soprano singer and actress
• August 17 – Sean Penn, American actor
• August 19 – Morten Andersen, American football player
• August 23 – Chris Potter, Canadian actor and musician
• August 24 – Cal Ripken, Jr., American baseball player
• August 26 – Branford Marsalis, American musician
• August 30 – Chalino Sánchez, Mexican musician (d. 1992)

September–October

• September 1 – Joseph Williams, American singer and film score composer
• September 2 – John S. Hall, American poet and spoken-word artist
• September 6 – Bob Stoops, American football coach
• September 7 – Phillip Rhee, American actor, producer and writer
• September 9
  • Hugh Grant, English actor
  • Mario Batali, American chef and host
• September 10 – Colin Firth, English actor
• September 14 – Callum Keith Rennie, Canadian actor
• September 16
  • John Franco, American baseball player
  • Yianna Katsoulos, French singer
• September 17 – Kevin Clash, American actor and puppeteer
• September 19 – Yolanda Saldívar, American murderer of tejano singer Selena Quintanilla-Perez
• September 21 – David James Elliott, Canadian actor
• September 22 – Scott Baio, American actor
• September 28 – Jennifer Rush, American singer
• September 29 – Alan McGee, British music industry mogul and musician
• September 30 – Blanche Lincoln, American politician
• October 4 – Billy Hatcher, American baseball player
• October 5 – Antonio de Oliveira Filho, Brazilian footballer
• October 6 – Richard Jobson, Scottish rock singer-songwriter, filmmaker, and television presenter (Skids)
• October 7 – Kyosuke Himuro, Japanese singer
• October 9 – Maddie Blaustein, American voice actress (d. 2008)
• October 12 – Alexei Kudrin, Russian Minister of Finance
• October 17 – Guy Henry, English actor
• October 18 – Jean-Claude Van Damme, Belgian actor
• October 24
  • Jaime Garzón, Colombian journalist and comedian (d. 1999)
  • Dennis Anderson, American monster truck driver (<<link:6>>)
• October 26 – Jouke de Vries, Dutch–Frisian politician
• October 28 – Landon Curt Noll, American astronomer, cryptographer, and mathematician
• October 29 – Finola Hughes, British actress
• October 30 – Diego Armando Maradona, Argentine footballer
• October 31 – Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran

November–December

• November 3
  • Karch Kiraly, American volleyball player
  • Francis Beckwith, American Catholic philosopher
• November 4 – Frl. Menke, German pop singer
• November 5 – Tilda Swinton, British actress
• November 9 – Joëlle Ursull, Guadeloupean singer
• November 10 – Neil Gaiman, English author
• November 11 – Stanley Tucci, American actor and film director
• November 17 – Jonathan Ross, English television presenter
• November 18 – Kim Wilde, English singer and gardener
• November 20 – Marc Labrèche, Canadian actor and television host

• November 24 – Amanda Wyss, American actress
• November 25
  • Amy Grant, American Christian and pop musician
  • John F. Kennedy, Jr., American lawyer and journalist (d. 1999)
  • Kasey Smith, American keyboardist (Danger Danger)
• November 26 – Harold Reynolds, American baseball player and broadcaster
• November 27
  • Yulia Tymoshenko, Prime Minister of Ukraine
  • Tim Pawlenty, American politician
• November 30
  • Rich Fields, American television personality
  • Gary Lineker, English footballer and sports presenter
• December 3
  • Daryl Hannah, American actress
  • Julianne Moore, American actress
• December 4 – Glynis Nunn, Australian athlete
• December 5 – Brian Bromberg, American jazz bassist and composer
• December 9 – Jeff "Swampy" Marsh, American television director, writer, producer, storyboard artist, and actor
• December 10
  • Kenneth Branagh, Northern Irish actor and director
  • Michael Schoeffling, American actor and model
• December 18 – Kazuhide Uekusa, Japanese economist
• December 22 – Mark Brydon, British musician (Moloko)
• December 24 – Carol Vorderman, British television presenter
• December 27
  • Maryam d'Abo, British actress
  • Fred Hammond, American Gospel musician
• December 28 – John Fitzgerald, Australian tennis player
• December 29 – Dave Pelzer, American author
• December 31
  • John Allen Muhammad, American spree killer (d. 2009)
  • Steve Bruce, English footballer

Deaths

January–June

• January 1 – Margaret Sullavan, American actress (b. 1909)
• January 3 – Victor Sjöström, Swedish actor (b. 1879)
• January 4
  • Albert Camus, French writer, Nobel Prize winner (b. 1913)
  • Dudley Nichols, American screenwriter (b. 1895)
• January 5 – Donald Knight, English cricketer (b. 1894)
• January 7 – Dorothea Chambers, English tennis champion (b. 1878)
• January 9 – Elsie J. Oxenham, British children's novelist (b. 1880)
• January 12 – Nevil Shute, English writer (b. 1899)
• January 24
  • Matt Moore, Irish-American actor (b. 1888)
  • Edwin Fischer, Swiss pianist and conductor (b. 1886)
  • John Miljan, American actor (b. 1892)
• January 25 – Diana Barrymore, American stage & film actress (b 1921)
• January 27 – Osvaldo Aranha, Brazilian politician (b. 1894)
• January 28 – Zora Neale Hurston, American folklorist and author (b. 1891)
• January 30 – J. C. Kumarappa, Indian economist (b. 1892)
• February 2 – Jagadguru Swami Sri Bharati Krishna Tirthaji Maharaja, Hindu teacher (b. 1884)
• February 3 – Fred Buscaglione, Italian singer and actor (b. 1921)
• February 6 – Jesse Belvin, American R&B singer (b. 1932)
• February 7 – Igor Kurchatov, Soviet physicist (b. 1903)
• February 9 – Jaroslav Joseph Polivka, Czech structural engineer (b. 1886)
• February 10 – Aloysius Stepinac, Croatian Catholic prelate (b. 1898)
• February 11 – Ernő Dohnányi, Hungarian conductor (b. 1877)
• February 12 - Jean-Michel Atlan, French painter (b. 1913)
• February 20 – Leonard Woolley, British archaeologist (b. 1880)
• February 21
• February 29
  • Jacques Becker, French director (b. 1906)
  • Edwina Mountbatten, Countess Mountbatten of Burma (b. 1901), last Vicereine of India
  • Melvin Purvis, American lawman (b. 1903)
  • Walter Yust, American encyclopedia editor (b. 1894)
• March 2 – Stanisław Taczak, Polish general (b. 1874)
• March 4 – Leonard Warren, American opera singer (b. 1911)
• March 9 – Jack Beattie, Irish politician (b. 1886)
• March 11 – Roy Chapman Andrews, American explorer, adventurer and naturalist (b. 1884)
• March 13 – Yosef Zvi HaLevy, Israeli rabbi and judge (b.1874)
• March 26 – Ian Keith, American actor (b. 1899)
• April 1 – Tuanku Abdul Rahman ibni Almarhum Tuanku Muhammad, King of Malaysia (b. 1895)
• April 5
  • Cuthbert Burnup, English sportsman (b. 1875)
  • Peter Llewelyn Davies, namesake for Peter Pan (b. 1897)
  • Alma Kruger, American actress (b. 1868)
• April 17 – Eddie Cochran, American rock singer (b. 1938)
• April 19 – Beardsley Ruml, American economist and tax plan author (b. 1894)
• April 24
  • Max von Laue, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1879)
  • George Relph, English actor (b. 1888)
• April 25 – Hope Emerson, American actress (b. 1897)
• May 2 – Caryl Chessman, American criminal (b. 1921)
• May 3 – Masa Niemi, Finnish actor (b. 1914)
• May 8 – J. H. C. Whitehead, British mathematician (b. 1904)
• May 11 – John D. Rockefeller Jr., American philanthropist (b. 1874)
• May 12 – Prince Aly Khan, Pakistani United Nations ambassador (b. 1911)
• May 14 – Lucrezia Bori, Spanish opera singer (b. 1887)
• May 23 – Georges Claude, French inventor (b. 1870)
• May 24 – Avraham Arnon, Israeli educator and a recipient of the Israel Prize (b. 1887)
• May 27
  • Edward Brophy, American actor (b. 1895)
  • James Montgomery Flagg, American artist and illustrator (b. 1877)
  • George Zucco, English actor (b. 1886)
• May 30 – Boris Pasternak, Russian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (declined) (b. 1890)
• May 31 – Walther Funk, German Nazi politician (b. 1890)
• June 4
  • Józef Haller de Hallenburg, Polish general (b. 1873)
  • Lucien Littlefield, American actor (b. 1895)
• June 14 – Ana Pauker, Romanian communist politician (b. 1893)
• June 17 – Arthur Rosson, English film director (b. 1886)
• June 18 – Shalva Aleksi-Meskhishvili, Georgian politician (b. 1884)
• June 19 – Chris Bristow, English race car driver (b. 1937)
• June 20
  • William E. Fairbairn, English soldier, police officer, and hand-to-hand combat expert (b. 1885)
  • John B. Kelly, Sr., American Olympic rower, father of Grace Kelly (b. 1889)
• June 25 – Tommy Corcoran, American baseball player (b. 1869)
• June 27 – Lottie Dod, 88, English tennis player; Wimbledon women's champion, 1887–88, 1891-93 (b. 1871)

July–December

• July 6 – Aneurin Bevan, Welsh politician (b. 1897)
• July 14 – Maurice, 6th duc de Broglie, French physicist (b. 1875)
• July 15
  • Anton Giulio Bragaglia, Italian cinematographer (b. 1890)
  • Set Persson, Swedish politician (b. 1897)
  • Lawrence Tibbett, American opera singer and actor (b. 1896)
• July 16 – John P. Marquand, American novelist (b. 1893)
• July 22 – Buddy Adler, American film producer (b. 1909)
• July 24 – Hans Albers, German actor and singer (b. 1891)
• July 26 – Cedric Gibbons, Irish-American art director (b. 1893)
• July 29 – Hasan Saka, ex prime minister of Turkey (b. 1885)
• August 5 – Arthur Meighen, ninth Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1874)
• August 10 – Frank Lloyd, American film director (b. 1886)
• August 22
  • Eduard Pütsep, Estonian wrestler (b. 1898)
  • Johannes Sikkar, Estonian politician (b. 1897)
• August 23
  • Oscar Hammerstein II, writer and lyricist (b. 1895)
  • Jersey Flegg, English-Australian rugby league player and chairman (b. 1878)
• August 27 – Stanley Clifford Weyman, U.S. impostor (b. 1890)
• August 29 – Vicki Baum, Austrian writer (b. 1888)
• September 1 – Hisamuddin Alam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah, King of Malaysia (b. 1898)
• September 8
  • Feroze Gandhi, Indian politician (b. 1912)
  • Oscar Pettiford, American jazz musician (b. 1922)
• September 9 – Jussi Björling, Swedish tenor (b. 1911)
• September 11 – Edwin Justus Mayer, American screenwriter (b. 1896)
• September 20 – Ida Rubinstein, Russian ballet dancer (b. 1885)
• September 23 – Kathlyn Williams, American actress (b. 1879)
• September 24 – Mátyás Seiber, Hungarian composer (b. 1905)
• September 27 – Sylvia Pankhurst, English suffragette (b. 1882)
• October 11 – Richard Cromwell, American actor (b. 1910)
• October 15
  • Henny Porten, German actress (b. 1890)
  • Clara Kimball Young, American actress (b. 1890)
• October 21 – Ma Hongbin, Chinese warlord (b. 1884)
• October 31 – H. L. Davis, American author (b. 1894)
• November 2 – Dimitri Mitropoulos, Greek conductor, pianist, and composer (b. 1896)
• November 5
  • Ward Bond, American actor (b. 1903)
  • August Gailit, Estonian writer (b. 1891)
  • Johnny Horton, American country singer (b. 1925)
  • Mack Sennett, Canadian film producer and director (b. 1880)
• November 6 – Erich Raeder, German World War II naval leader (b. 1876)
• November 7 – A.P. Carter, American singer and songwriter (b. 1891)
• November 12 – Lord Buckley, American monologist (b. 1906)
• November 14 – Walter Catlett, American actor (b. 1889)
• November 16 – Clark Gable, American actor (b. 1901)
• November 19 – Phyllis Haver, American actress (b. 1899)
• November 20 – Ya'akov Cohen, Israeli poet (b. 1881)
• November 23 – Allen Hobbs, 32nd Governor of American Samoa (b. 1889)
• November 24 – Grand Duchess Olga, sister of Nicholas II (b. 1882)
• November 25 – The Mirabal Sisters, three Dominican revolutionaries (b. 1924, 1926, 1935)
• November 28
  • Richard Wright, American novelist (b. 1908)
  • Dirk Jan de Geer, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (b. 1870)
• December 2 – Fritz August Breuhaus de Groot, German architect, interior designer and designer (b. 1883)
• December 13 – John Charles Thomas, American opera singer (b. 1891)
• December 14 – Gregory Ratoff, Russian actor and director (b. 1897)
• December 26
  • Giuseppe Bellanca, Italian-American aircraft designer and company founder (b. 1886)
  • Watsuji Tetsuro, Japanese philosopher (b. 1889)

Nobel Prizes

• Physics – Donald Arthur Glaser
• Chemistry – Willard Frank Libby
• Physiology or Medicine – Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Peter Brian Medawar
• Literature – Saint-John Perse
• Peace – Albert John Luthuli

References

1. ^ Population
2. ^ "Bucs Are the Champs: Maz's Homer in 9th Wins, 10-0", Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, October 13, 1960, p1