Mary Martin

For other people named Mary Martin, see Mary Martin (disambiguation).

Mary Martin
Photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1949
Born	Mary Virginia Martin December 1, 1913(1913-12-01) Weatherford, Texas, U.S.
Died	November 3, 1990(1990-11-03) (aged 76) Rancho Mirage, California, U.S.
Occupation	Actress, singer
Years active	1938–1985
Spouse	Ben Hagman (1930–1936) Richard Halliday (1940–1973)

Mary Virginia Martin (December 1, 1913 – November 3, 1990) was an American actress and singer. She originated many roles over her career including Nellie Forbush in South Pacific and Maria in The Sound of Music. She was named a Kennedy Center Honoree in 1989. She was also the mother of actor Larry Hagman.

Early life

Mary Martin's life as a child, as she describes it in her autobiography My Heart Belongs, was secure and happy. She had close relationships with both her mother and father, as well as her siblings. Her autobiography details how the young actress had an instinctive ear for recreating musical sounds.

Martin's father, Preston Martin, was a lawyer and her mother, Juanita Presley, was a violin teacher. Although the doctors told Juanita that she would risk her life if she attempted to have another baby, she was determined to have a boy. Instead, she had Mary, who became quite a tomboy. Her birth was an event as all of the neighbors gathered around Juanita's bedroom window, waiting for the raising of a curtain to signal the baby’s arrival.

Her family had a barn and orchard that kept her entertained. She played with her older sister Geraldine (whom she called “Sister”), climbing trees and riding ponies. Martin adored her father. “He was a tall, good-looking, silver-haired, with the kindest brown eyes. Mother was the disciplinarian, but it was Daddy who could turn me into an angel with just one look” (p. 19). Martin, who said “I’d never understand the law” (p. 19), began singing outside the courtroom where her father worked every Saturday night at a bandstand where the town band played. She sang in a trio of little girls dressed in bellhop uniforms. “Even in those days without microphones, my high piping voice carried all over the square. I have always thought that I inherited my carrying voice from my father” (p. 19).

She remembered having a photographic memory as a child, making it easy to memorize songs, as well as get her through school tests. She got her first taste of singing solo at a fire hall, where she soaked up the crowd’s appreciation. “Sometimes I think that I cheated my own family and my closest friends by giving to audiences so much of the love I might have kept for them. But that’s the way I was made; I truly don't think I could help it” (p. 20). Martin’s craft was developed by seeing movies and becoming a mimic. She’d win prizes for looking, acting and dancing like Ruby Keeler and singing exactly like Bing Crosby. “Never, never, never can I say I had a frustrating childhood. It was all joy. Mother used to say she never had seen such a happy child—that I awakened each morning with a smile. I don’t remember that, but I do remember that I never wanted to go to bed, to go to sleep, for fear I’d miss something” (p. 20).

Marriage

As she grew older, Martin dated Benjamin Jackson Hagman while in high school, before being sent to the Ward-Belmont finishing school in Nashville, Tennessee. Besides imitating Fanny Brice at singing gigs, she thought school was dull and felt confined by the strict rules. She was homesick for Weatherford, her family and Hagman. During a visit, Mary and Benjamin persuaded Mary's mother to allow them to marry.^[1] They did, and by the age of 17, Martin was legally married, pregnant with her first child (Larry Hagman) and forced to leave finishing school. However she was happy to begin her new life. She soon learned that this life was nothing but “role playing” (p. 39).

Their honeymoon was at her parents' house, and Martin's dream of life with a family and a white-picket fence faded. “I was 17, a married woman without real responsibilities, miserable about my mixed-up emotions, afraid there was something awfully wrong with me because I didn’t enjoy being a wife. Worst of all, I didn't have enough to do” (p. 39). It was “Sister” who came to her rescue, suggesting that she should teach dance. “Sister” taught Martin her first real dance—the waltz clog. Martin perfectly imitated her first dance move, and she opened a dance studio. Here, she created her own moves, imitated the famous dancers she watched in the movies, and taught “Sister’s” waltz clog. “I was doing something I wanted to do—creating” (p. 44).

Early career

Star for "Recording" on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1560 Vine Street, Hollywood. She also has one for "Radio" at 6609 Hollywood Blvd.

Wanting to learn more moves, Martin went to California to attend the dance school at the Franchon and Marco School of the Theatre, and opened her own dance studio in Mineral Wells, Texas. She was given a ballroom studio under a certain deal—she had to sing in the lobby every Saturday. Here, she learned how to sing into a microphone and how to phrase blues songs. One day at work, she accidentally walked into the wrong room where auditions were being held. They asked her what key she’d like to sing “So Red Rose”. Having absolutely no idea what her key was, she sang regardless and got the job. She was hired to sing “So Red Rose” at the Fox Theater in San Francisco, followed by the Paramount Theater in Los Angeles. There would be one catch — she had to sing in the wings. She scored her first professional gig, unaware that she would soon be center stage.

Soon after, Martin learned that her studio had been burnt down by a man who thought dancing was a sin.^[2] She began to express her unhappiness — she needed to let go and be free. Her father gave her advice, saying that she was too young to be married. Martin left everything behind, including her young son, Larry, and went to Hollywood while her father handled the divorce for her. In Hollywood, Martin plunged herself into auditions—so many that she became known as “Audition Mary”. Her first professional audition and job was on a national radio network. She sang on a program called “Gateway to Hollywood” and was told that her job was “sustaining”. Little did she know that “sustaining” meant unpaid.^[3] Among one of Martin's first auditions in Hollywood, she was “determined to give them everything I could do”, before announcing her intention to sing "in my soprano voice, a song you probably don’t know, 'Indian Love Call'". After singing the song, “a tall, craggly man who looked like a mountain” told Martin that he thought she had something special. He added, “Oh, and by the way, I know that song. I wrote it.” It was Oscar Hammerstein II (pp. 58–59). This marked the start of her career.

Later career

Mary Martin struggled for nearly two years to break into show business. As a struggling young actress, Martin endured humorous and sometimes frightful luck trying to make it in the world, from car crashes leading to vocal instruction, unknowingly singing in front of Oscar Hammerstein II, to her final break on Broadway granted by the very prominent producer, Lawrence Schwab.

Using her maiden name, Mary Martin began pursuing a performing career singing on radio in Dallas and in nightclubs in Los Angeles. Her performance at one club impressed a theatrical producer, and he cast her in a play in New York. That production did not open, but she got a role in Cole Porter's Leave It to Me!. In that production, she became popular on Broadway and received attention in the national media singing "My Heart Belongs to Daddy". "Mary stopped the show with "My Heart Belongs to Daddy". With that one song in the second act, she became a star 'overnight'."^[4] Martin reprised the song in Night and Day, a Hollywood film about Cole Porter, in which she played herself auditioning for Porter (Cary Grant).

"My Heart Belongs to Daddy" catapulted her career and became very special to Mary — she even sang it to her ailing father in his hospital bed while he was in a coma. Martin did not learn immediately that her father had died. Headlines read "Daddy Girl Sings About Daddy as Daddy Dies." Because of the show’s demanding schedule, Martin couldn’t even attend her father’s funeral.^[5]

She received the Donaldson Award and the New York Film Critics Circle Award in 1943 for One Touch of Venus. A special Tony came her way in 1948 for "spreading theatre to the rest of the country while the originals perform in New York." In 1955 and 1956, she received, first, a Tony Award for Peter Pan, and then an Emmy for appearing in the same role on television. She also received Tony Awards for South Pacific, and, in 1959, for The Sound of Music.

Martin as Peter Pan, a role in which she was given a plausibly boyish look with minor costuming, equating the character with the actress in many viewers' minds^[6]

Peter Pan statue in Martin's hometown of Weatherford in Parker County, Texas

Although she appeared in nine films in her career, all between 1938 and 1943,^[7] she was generally passed over for the filmed version of the musical plays in which she starred. She herself once explained that she did not enjoy making films, because she did not have the "connection" with an audience that she had in live performances. The closest she ever came to preserving her stage performances were her famous television appearances as Peter Pan (she had starred in a musical version on Broadway in 1954, and this production was subsequently performed on NBC television in RCA's compatible color in 1955, 1956 and 1960). While Martin did not enjoy making theatrical films, she did apparently enjoy appearing on television, as she did frequently. Her last feature film appearance was a cameo as herself in MGM's Main Street to Broadway in 1953.^[8]

Martin made an appearance in 1980 in a Royal Variety Performance in London, performing "Honeybun" from South Pacific.

While visiting San Francisco in 1982 she was involved in a traffic accident that left her with two fractured ribs, a fractured pelvis, and a punctured lung. Also in the accident were Janet Gaynor, who died two years later from complications from her injuries, Gaynor's husband Paul Gregory, who survived, and Martin's press agent Ben Washer, who died in the accident.^[9][10]

Martin appeared in the play Legends with Carol Channing in a one-year US national tour, opening in Dallas on January 9, 1986.^[11]

She received the Kennedy Center Honors, an annual honor for career achievements, in 1989.

Death

Mary Martin died a month before her 77th birthday from colorectal cancer at her home in Rancho Mirage, California on November 3, 1990.^[12] She is buried in East Greenwood Cemetery in Weatherford, Texas.

Work

Stage

• Leave It to Me! (1938) (Broadway)
• One Touch of Venus (1943) (Broadway)
• Pacific 1860 (1946) (London)
• Lute Song (1946) (Broadway)
• Annie Get Your Gun (1947) (national tour)
• South Pacific (1949) (Broadway)
• South Pacific (1951) (London)
• Kind Sir (1953) (Broadway)
• Peter Pan (1954) (Broadway)
• The Skin of Our Teeth (1955) (Broadway, Washington DC, and Paris)
• The Sound of Music (1959) (Broadway)
• Jennie (1963) (Broadway)
• Hello, Dolly! (1965) (London and world tour)
• I Do! I Do! (1966) (Broadway and national tour)
• Together on Broadway: Mary Martin & Ethel Merman (1977) (Broadway)
• Do You Turn Somersaults? (1978) (Broadway and national tour)
• Legends (1986) (national tour)

Film The Great Victor Herbert (1939) Fashion Horizons (1940) (short subject) Rhythm on the River (1940) Love Thy Neighbor (1940) Kiss the Boys Goodbye (1941) New York Town (1941) Birth of the Blues (1941) Star Spangled Rhythm (1942) Happy Go Lucky (1943) True to Life (1943) Night and Day (1946) Main Street to Broadway (1953)

Television America Applauds: An Evening for Richard Rodgers (1951) The Ford 50th Anniversary Show (1953) Salute to Rodgers and Hammerstein (1954) Noel Coward & Mary Martin - Together With Music (1955) Producers' Showcase: Peter Pan (twice, in 1955 and 1956) Annie Get Your Gun (1957) Magic with Mary Martin (1959) Peter Pan (1960) Mary Martin: Hello, Dolly! Round the World (1966) Mary Martin at Eastertime (1966) Valentine (1979) Over Easy (host from 1981–1983)

References

1. ^ Davis, p. 16
2. ^ Davis, p.24
3. ^ Davis, pp.26-29, 31
4. ^ Davis, p. 41
5. ^ Davis, pp. 44-45
6. ^ http://www.famoustexans.com/marymartin.htm
7. ^ Mary Martin at the Internet Movie Database
8. ^ Crowther, Bosley. "Movies: About Main Street to Broadway". The New York Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/30893/Main-Street-to-Broadway/overview. Retrieved May 12, 2010. 
9. ^ "Hospitalized". Time (magazine). September 20, 1982. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,950804,00.html. Retrieved 2008-06-25. "Janet Gaynor, 73, winner of the first Oscar for Best Actress (1929), in serious condition with eleven broken ribs, a fractured collarbone, pelvic fractures, an injured bladder and a damaged kidney; and Mary Martin, 68, star of Broadway's original South Pacific and TV's first Peter Pan, in good condition with two fractured ribs, a fractured pelvis and a punctured lung; after a vehicular accident; in San Francisco. Gaynor and her husband Paul Gregory, 61, and Martin and her press agent, Ben Washer, 76, were riding in a taxi when they were struck broadside by a van. Washer was killed. Gregory is in good condition." 
10. ^ "Milestones". Time (magazine). October 18, 1982. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949599,00.html. Retrieved 2008-06-25. "Just nine days after the cab she was riding in was hit broadside by a van, Mary Martin, 68, with a plucky smile and the help of a walker, left San Francisco General Hospital." 
11. ^ Davis, pp. 272-278
12. ^ Gussow, Mel (November 5, 1990). "Mary Martin, 76, First Lady of Musicals, Dies". Time (magazine). http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE5DE1238F936A35752C1A966958260. Retrieved 2008-06-25. "Mary Martin, America's favorite leading lady of musical comedy, as Ens. Nellie Forbush in "South Pacific," Maria von Trapp in "The Sound of Music" or the title role in "Peter Pan," died Saturday afternoon at her home in Rancho Mirage, Calif. She was 76 years old." 

• Davis, Ronald L. (2008). Mary Martin, Broadway Legend. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0806139050.  Free preview at Amazon.com

Further reading

• Martin, Mary (1976). My Heart Belongs. New York: Morrow. ISBN 0688030092. 
• Kirkwood, James, Jr. (1989). Diary of a Mad Playwright: Perilous Adventures on the Road with Mary Martin and Carol Channing, about production of the play "Legends" (Dutton)

External links

• Mary Martin at the Internet Broadway Database
• Mary Martin at the Internet Movie Database
• Photos of Mary Martin, hosted by the Portal to Texas History

Persondata
Name	Martin, Mary
Alternative names
Short description	Actress
Date of birth	December 1, 1913
Place of birth	Weatherford, Texas, U.S.
Date of death	November 3, 1990
Place of death	Rancho Mirage, California, U.S.