1874

This article is about the year 1874.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century – 19th century – 20th century
Decades:	1840s  1850s  1860s  – 1870s –  1880s  1890s  1900s
Years:	1871 1872 1873 – 1874 – 1875 1876 1877

1874 in topic:
Humanities
Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Literature – Music
By country
Australia – Canada – France – Germany – Mexico – South Africa – US – UK
Other topics
Rail Transport – Science – Sports
Lists of leaders
Colonial Governors – State leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
Works
v · Gregorian calendar	1874 MDCCCLXXIV
Ab urbe condita	2627
Armenian calendar	1323 ԹՎ ՌՅԻԳ
Assyrian calendar	6624
Bahá'í calendar	30 – 31
Bengali calendar	1281
Berber calendar	2824
British Regnal year	37 Vict. 1 – 38 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar	2418
Burmese calendar	1236
Byzantine calendar	7382 – 7383
Chinese calendar	癸酉年十一月十三日 (4510/4570-11-13) — to — 甲戌年十一月廿三日 (4511/4571-11-23)
Coptic calendar	1590 – 1591
Ethiopian calendar	1866 – 1867
Hebrew calendar	5634 – 5635
Hindu calendars
- Bikram Samwat	1930 – 1931
- Shaka Samvat	1796 – 1797
- Kali Yuga	4975 – 4976
Holocene calendar	11874
Iranian calendar	1252 – 1253
Islamic calendar	1290 – 1291
Japanese calendar	Meiji 7 (明治7年)
Korean calendar	4207
Minguo calendar	38 before ROC 民前38年
Thai solar calendar	2417
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Year 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

• January – The Pangkor Treaty (also known as the Pangkor Engagement), by which the British extended their control over, first the Sultanate of Perak and later the other independent Malay States, is signed.
• January 1 – New York City annexes The Bronx.
• January 2 – Ignacio (Maria) Gonzalez becomes head of state of the Dominican Republic (for the first time).
• January 23 – Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, second son of Queen Victoria, marries Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia, only daughter of Tsar Alexander III of Russia.
• January 23 – Camille Saint-Saëns' composition Danse Macabre is premiered.
• February 21 – The Oakland Daily Tribune publishes its first newspaper.
• February 23 – Walter Clopton Wingfield patents a game called "sphairistike" which is more commonly called lawn tennis.
• March 18 – Hawaii signs a treaty with the United States granting exclusive trading rights.
• March 18 – In Dresden has foundet The Dresden English Footballclub, first soccer club on European mainland.
• March – The Young Men's Hebrew Association in Manhattan (which still operates today as the 92nd Street Y) is founded.

April–June

• April 15–May 15 – First exhibition of the group of young painters, Société Anonyme Coopérative des Artistes, Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs, at the studio of the photographer Nadar in Paris. Louis Leroy's critical review of it published on 25 April gives rise to the term Impressionism for the movement, with reference to Claude Monet's Impression, Sunrise.
• May 9 – The first horse drawn carriage makes its debut in the city of Bombay, plying on two routes.
• May 20 – Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis receive a U.S. patent for blue jeans with copper rivets. The price is $13.50 per dozen.
• June 4 – The flag of Estonia is consecrated as the flag of the Estonian Students Society in Otepää.
• June 14 – Michel Domingue becomes the head of state of Haiti.
• June 22 – Andrew Taylor Still starts the Osteopathic Medicine movement in the United States at Kirksville, MO.
• June 25–June 27 – Third Carlist War of Spain: Battle of Monte Muro: Carlist forces entrenched around Abárzuza, on the approach to Estella in Navarre, repel an attack by Isabelino/Liberal (supporters of Queen Isabella II) troops led by General Manuel Gutiérrez de la Concha, Marqués del Duero, who is killed on the third day of fighting.

July–September

• July 1 – Philadelphia Zoo opens, the first public zoo in the U.S.
• July 23 – Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos is appointed the Archbishop of the Portuguese colonial enclave of Goa.
• July 24 – Mathew Evans and Henry Woodward patent the first incandescent lamp with an electric light bulb.

October–December

• October 19 – The modern University of Zagreb is founded in Zagreb.
• November 4 – Democrats regain the U.S. House of Representatives for the first time since 1860.
• November 7 – Harper's Weekly publishes a cartoon by Thomas Nast considered the first important use of an elephant as a symbol for the Republican Party. [1].
• November 9 – The New York Zoo hoax, a supposed breakout of animals from the Central Park Zoo
• November 10 – John Ernst Worrell Keely demonstrates his "induction resonance motion motor" (a later investigation reveals fraud behind another perpetual motion machine).
• November 11 – The Gamma Phi Beta sorority is founded at Syracuse University. This is the first women's Greek letter organization to be called a sorority.
• November 25 – The United States Greenback Party is established as a political party, made primarily of farmers financially hurt by the Panic of 1873.
• December 1 – Iceland is granted a constitution and limited home rule from Denmark.

Date unknown

• The San Diego Natural History Museum is founded.
• The Home Rule Movement is created to protest British Government control over Ireland (see History of Ireland).
• The Agra canal opens in India.
• Charles Russell and the Bible Student movement claim this year to mark the invisible return of Jesus Christ to earth.
• The Bolton Wanderers Football club is founded (as Christ Church F.C.).
• The Aston Villa Football Club is founded.
• The Greenock Morton Football Club (Scotland) is founded.
• The Heart of Midlothian Football Club is founded.
• Gold is discovered in the Black Hills.
• Heinrich Schliemann begins excavation at Mycenae.

Births

January–June

• January 1 – Gustav Albin Weißkopf, German-born aviation pioneer (d. 1927)
• January 4 – Josef Suk, Czech composer and violinist (d. 1935)
• January 5 – Joseph Erlanger, American physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1965)
• January 16 – Robert W. Service, American poet (d. 1958)
• January 20 – Steve Bloomer, English footballer, cricketer and baseball player (d. 1938)
• January 21 – Frederick Madison Smith, American religious leader and author (d. 1946)
• January 25 – William Somerset Maugham, English author (d. 1965)
• January 28 – Vsevolod Meyerhold, Russian Theatre Practitioner (d. 1940)
• January 29 – John D. Rockefeller, Jr., American entrepreneur (d. 1960)
• February 1 – Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Austrian writer (d. 1929)
• February 2 – William T. Innes, American writer, ichthyologist, publisher (d. 1969)
• February 3 – Gertrude Stein, American writer and patron of the arts (d. 1946)
• February 9 – Amy Lowell, American poet (d. 1925)
• February 11
  • Elsa Beskow, Swedish writer (d. 1953)
  • Fritz Hart, English-born composer (d. 1949)
• February 15 – Sir Ernest Shackleton, Irish explorer (d. 1922)
• February 17 – Thomas J. Watson, American computer pioneer (d. 1956)
• February 20 – Mary Garden, American opera soprano of Scots descent (some sources state her birth year as 1877) (d. 1967)
• February 23 – Konstantin Päts, Estonian president (d. 1956)
• February 24 – Honus Wagner, baseball player (d. 1955)
• March 4 – Stephen Victor Graham, United States Navy Rear Admiral and 18th Governor of American Samoa.
• March 12 – Charles Weeghman, American restaurateur and owner of Chicago Cubs (d. 1938)
• March 20 – Börries von Münchhausen, German poet (d. 1945)
• March 24 – Harry Houdini, Hungarian-born magician (d. 1926)
• March 26 – Robert Frost, American poet (d. 1963)
• March 29 – Lou Henry Hoover, First Lady of the United States (d. 1944)
• March 30 – Charles Herbert Lightoller, 2nd Officer of the RMS Titanic (d. 1952)
• April 8 – Stanisław Taczak, Polish general, commander-in-chief of the Greater Poland Uprising (d. 1960)
• April 15 – Johannes Stark, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1957)
• April 19 – Ernst Rudin, Swiss psychiatrist and geneticist (d. 1952)
• April 25 – Guglielmo Marconi, Italian inventor, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 1937)
• May 3 – François Coty, French perfume manufacturer (d. 1934)
• May 9 – Howard Carter, British archaeologist (d. 1939)
• May 14 – Polaire, French actress and singer (d. 1939)
• May 19 – Gilbert Jessop, English cricketer (d. 1955)
• May 26 – Henri Farman, pioneer French pilot and aircraft designer (d. 1958)
• May 29 – Gilbert Keith Chesterton, English author (d. 1936)
• June 11 – Lyman Gilmore, American aviation pioneer (d. 1951)
• June 16 – Arthur Meighen, ninth Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1960)
• June 19 – Peder Oluf Pedersen, Danish engineer and physicist (d. 1941)

July–December

• July 14 – Abbas II, last khedive of Egypt (d. 1944)
• July 25 – Alfred Walton Hinds, 17th Naval Governor of Guam (d. 1957)
• July 26 – Serge Koussevitzky, Russian conductor (d. 1951)
• July 27 – Frank Shannon, American actor (d. 1959)
• July 29 – J. S. Woodsworth, Canadian politician (d. 1942)
• August 6 – Charles Fort, Dutch-American writer and researcher into anomalous phenomena (d. 1932)
• August 10 – Herbert Hoover, 31st President of the United States (d. 1964)
• August 27 – Carl Bosch, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1940)
• September 13
  • Henry Fountain Ashurst, American politician (d. 1962)
  • Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian composer (d. 1951)
• September 21 – Gustav Holst, English composer (d. 1934)
• October 3 – Charles B. Middleton, American actor (d. 1949)
• October 8 – Nance O'Neil, stage & film actress, friend of Lizzie Borden (d. 1965)
• October 13 – József Klekl, Slovene politician in Hungary (d. 1948)
• October 15 – Prince Alfred of Edinburgh and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (d. 1899)
• October 20 – Charles Ives, American composer (d. 1954)
• October 26 – Martin Lowry, English chemist (d. 1936)
• November – Salima Machamba Sultan of Mohéli (d. 1964)
• November 15 – August Krogh, Danish zoophysiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1949)
• November 29 – Egas Moniz, Portuguese physician and neurologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1955)
• November 30
  • Winston Churchill, Twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (d. 1965)
  • Lucy Maud Montgomery, Canadian author (d. 1942)
• December 13 – Josef Lhévinne, Russian pianist (d. 1944)
• December 17 – William Lyon Mackenzie King, Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1950)
• December 22 – Franz Schmidt, Austrian composer (d. 1939)
• December 29 – Cecil Hunter Rodwell, British colonial administrator (d. 1953)

Deaths

January–June

• January 8 – Abbé Charles-Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, French writer and historian (b. 1814)
• January 17 – Chang and Eng Bunker, Siamese twins and sideshow performers (b. 1811)
• January 19 – August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben, German poet (b. 1798)
• February 3 – William Charles Lunalilo, last monarch of the House of Kamehameha (b. 1835)
• February 8 – David Friedrich Strauss, German theologian (b. 1808)
• February 24 – John Bachman, American Lutheran minister, social activist and naturalist, (b. 1790)
• March 8 – Millard Fillmore, 13th President of the United States (b. 1800)
• March 10 – Moritz von Jacobi, German engineer and physicist (b. 1801)
• March 20 – Hans Christian Lumbye, Danish composer (b. 1810)
• April 13 – Etō Shinpei, Japanese statesman (executed) (b. 1834)
• April 20 – Alexander H. Bailey, American politician (b. 1817)
• June 20 – John Ruggles, American politician (b. 1789)
• June 21 – Anders Jonas Ångström, Swedish physicist (b. 1814)

July–December

• July 8 – Agnes Strickland, English popular historian (b. 1796)
• July 12 – Fritz Reuter, German novelist (b. 1810)
• July 24 – Gijsbert Haan, Dutch-American religious leader (b. 1801)
• August 14 – Jonathan Clarkson Gibbs, African-American minister and politician (b. 1821)
• October 6 – Samuel M. Kier, American oil magnate (b. 1813)
• October 28 – William Henry Rinehart, American sculptor (b. 1825)
• November 29 – Ioan Manu, Russian politician (b. 1803)
• December 7 – Constantin von Tischendorf, German Biblical scholar (b. 1815)
• December 22 – Johann Peter Pixis, German pianist and composer (b. 1788)

References