1810

Year 1810 (MDCCCX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1810

January - March

* January 10 - The marriage of Napoleon and Josephine is annulled.
* January 20 - Tyrolean rebel leader Andreas Hofer is executed.
* March 4 - The French Army, under the command of Massena, retreats from Portugal.
* March 11 - Napoleon marries Marie-Louise of Austria.

April - June

* April 19 - Venezuela achieves home rule: Vicente Emparán, Governor of the Captaincy General, is removed by the people of Caracas and a junta is installed.
* April 27 - Beethoven composes his famous piano piece, "Für Elise".
* May 1 - Macon's Bill No. 2 becomes law.
* May 10 - Revolutionaries occupy Buenos Aires' town hall.
* May 25 - May Revolution: Armed citizens of Buenos Aires expel the Viceroy from Spain and establish a provincial government for Argentina.
* June 4 - The Society in Dedham for Apprehending Horse Thieves is founded in Dedham, Massachusetts.
* June 23 - John Jacob Astor forms the Pacific Fur Company.

July - September

* July 9 - Napoleon annexes the Kingdom of Holland.
* July 20 - Colombia declares independence from Spain.
* August 6 - The city of Santa Cruz de Mompox, in modern-day Colombia, declares independence from the Spanish Empire.
* August 21 - Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, Marshal of France, is elected Crown Prince of Sweden by the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates.
* September 8 - The "Tonquin" sets sail from New York Harbor with 33 employees of John Jacob Astor's newly created Pacific Fur Company on board. After a 6-month journey around the tip of South America, the ship arrives at the mouth of the Columbia River and Astor's men establish the fur-trading town of Astoria.
* September 16 - "Grito de Dolores": Miguel Hidalgo, a Catholic priest from Guanajuato, incites the revolt that becomes Mexico's Independence War.
* September 18 - Chile forms the National Junta, which is their first step towards independence.
* September 26 - A new Act of Succession is adopted by the Riksdag of the Estates and Jean Baptiste Bernadotte becomes heir to the Swedish throne.

October - December

* October 12 - First Oktoberfest: The Bavarian royalty invites the citizens of Munich to join the celebration of the marriage of Crown Prince Ludwig of Bavaria to Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen.
* October 27 - The United States annexes West Florida from Spain.
* November 10 - Berners Street Hoax: Theodore Hook manages to attract dozens of people to 54 Berners Street in London.

Undated

* Amadou Lobbo initiates his jihad in present-day Mali.
* Ching Shih and Chang Pao surrender their pirate fleet to the Chinese government.
* The first steamboat sails on the Ohio River.
* Johann Wolfgang von Goethe publishes his "Theory of Colours".
* King George III of the United Kingdom is recognized as insane.
* Moose become extinct in the Caucasus.
* Russia acquires Sukhumi through a treaty with the Abkhazian dukes, and declares a protectorate over the whole of Abkhazia.
* 18,000 Angolans are sold at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
* Adult cotton spinners stage a general strike in Manchester.
* Palm oil sales from West Africa to Britain reach 1,000 tons.
* 4,500 chests of opium are sold in China.
* The small wealthy Creole aristocracy uses the removal of the Spanish king as justification for their seizure of political power and their preservation of that power.

Ongoing events

* Argentine War of Independence (1810-1818)
* Black War (1804-1835)
* Bolivian Independence War (1809-1824)
* Gunboat War (1807-1814)
* Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815) - Peninsular War
* Russo-Persian War (1804-1813)
* Russo-Turkish War (1806-1812)

Births

January - June

* January 3 - Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie, Irish-French geographer (d. 1897)
* February 5 - Ole Bull, Norwegian violinist (d. 1880)
* February 22 - Frédéric Chopin, Polish composer and pianist (d. 1849)
* March 2 - Pope Leo XIII (aka Count Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci) (d. 1903)
* March 10 - Samuel Ferguson, Northern Irish poet and artist (d. 1886)
* May 2 - Hans Christian Lumbye, Danish composer (d. 1874)
* May 23 - Margaret Fuller, American journalist and feminist (d. 1850)
* June 8 - Robert Schumann, German composer and pianist (d. 1856)

July - December

* July 5 - P. T. Barnum, American showman (d. 1891)
* July 21 - Henri Victor Regnault, French chemist and physicist (d. 1878)
* September 2 - William Seymour Tyler, American educator and historian (d. 1897)
* September 29 - Elizabeth Gaskell, British novelist (d. 1865)
* October 10 - James W. Marshall, American contractor and builder of Sutter's Mill (d. 1885)
* December 11 - Alfred de Musset, French poet (d. 1857)
* December 24 - Wilhelm Marstrand, Danish painter (d. 1873)

Deaths

January - June

* January 20 - Benjamin Chew, Chief Justice of colonial Pennsylvania (b. 1722)
* February 20 - Andreas Hofer, Tyrolean national hero (executed) (b. 1767)
* February 24 - Henry Cavendish, British scientist (b. 1731)
* March 7 - Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood, British admiral (b. 1750)
* June 7 - Luigi Schiavonetti, Italian engraver (b. 1765)

July - December

* July 19 - Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Prussia (b. 1776)
* August 12 - Etienne Louis Geoffroy, French pharmacist and entomologist (b. 1725)
* October 15 - Alfred Moore, American judge (b. 1755)
* November 11
** Johann Zoffany, German-born painter (b. 1733)
** John Laurance, American attorney, statesman, and judge (b. 1750)