1873

This article is about the year 1873.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century – 19th century – 20th century
Decades:	1840s  1850s  1860s  – 1870s –  1880s  1890s  1900s
Years:	1870 1871 1872 – 1873 – 1874 1875 1876

1873 in topic:
Humanities
Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Literature – Music
By country
Australia – Canada – France – Germany – Mexico – South Africa – US – UK
Other topics
Rail Transport – Science – Sports
Lists of leaders
Colonial Governors – State leaders
Birth and death categories
Births – Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments – Disestablishments
Works category
Works
v · Gregorian calendar	1873 MDCCCLXXIII
Ab urbe condita	2626
Armenian calendar	1322 ԹՎ ՌՅԻԲ
Assyrian calendar	6623
Bahá'í calendar	29 – 30
Bengali calendar	1280
Berber calendar	2823
British Regnal year	36 Vict. 1 – 37 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar	2417
Burmese calendar	1235
Byzantine calendar	7381 – 7382
Chinese calendar	壬申年十二月初三日 (4509/4569-12-3) — to — 癸酉年十一月十二日 (4510/4570-11-12)
Coptic calendar	1589 – 1590
Ethiopian calendar	1865 – 1866
Hebrew calendar	5633 – 5634
Hindu calendars
- Bikram Samwat	1929 – 1930
- Shaka Samvat	1795 – 1796
- Kali Yuga	4974 – 4975
Holocene calendar	11873
Iranian calendar	1251 – 1252
Islamic calendar	1289 – 1290
Japanese calendar	Meiji 6 (明治6年)
Korean calendar	4206
Minguo calendar	39 before ROC 民前39年
Thai solar calendar	2416
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Year 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar.

Events

January–March

• January 1
  • Japan adopts the Gregorian calendar.
  • The California Penal Code goes into effect.
• January 17 – Indian Wars: The first Battle of the Stronghold is fought during the Modoc War.
• February 11 – The Spanish Cortes deposes King Amadeus I and proclaims the First Spanish Republic.
• February 12 – Former foreign minister Emilio Castelar becomes prime minister of the new Spanish Republic.
• February 20 – The University of California opens its first medical school in San Francisco, California.
• March 3 – Censorship: The U.S. Congress enacts the Comstock Law, making it illegal to send any "obscene, lewd, or lascivious" books through the mail.
• March 4 – President of the United States Ulysses S. Grant begins his second term.
• March 15 – The Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity is founded at the University of Massachusetts.
• March 22 – Emancipation Day for Puerto Rico: Slaves are freed (with a few exceptions).
• March 29 – The Rio Tinto Company is formed in Spain, following the February 17 purchase of the Rio Tinto mine from the Spanish government by a British investment group.

April–June

• April 1 – The British steamer RMS Atlantic sinks off Nova Scotia, killing 547.
• April 15–April 17 – Indian Wars: The Second Battle of the Stronghold is fought.
• May – Henry Rose exhibits barbed wire at an Illinois county fair, which is taken up by Joseph Glidden and Jacob Haish, who invent a machine to mass-produce it.
• May 9
  • Der Krach: The Vienna stock market crash heralds the Long Depression.
  • Battle of Montejurra: Navarra, Spain was fought during the Third Carlist War.
• May 20
  • Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis received United States patent#139121 for using copper rivets to strengthen the pockets of denim work pants. Levi Strauss & Co. began manufacturing the famous Levi's brand of jeans, using fabric from the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company in Manchester, New Hampshire.
  • In Chipping Norton, England rioters attempt to free the Ascott Martyrs – sixteen women sentenced to imprisonment for attempting to dissuade strikebreakers.
• May 23
  • The Canadian Parliament establishes the North-West Mounted Police (which is renamed the Royal Canadian Mounted Police in 1920).
  • The Preakness Stakes horse race is run for the first time in Baltimore, Maryland.
• May 28
  • C. Laan brings order to the chaos created by the dockworker riots of Tripoli, Lebanon.
  • The city of Khiva falls to Imperial Russian forces, under the command of General Konstantin Petrovich Von Kaufman.
• June 4 – Indian Wars: The Modoc War ends with the capture of Captain Jack.
• June 9 – Alexandra Palace in London is destroyed by fire only a fortnight after its opening.

July–September

• July 1 – Prince Edward Island joins the Canadian Confederation.
• July 21 – At Adair, Iowa, Jesse James and the James-Younger Gang pull off the first successful train robbery in the American Old West (US$3,000 from the Rock Island Express).
• August 4 – Indian Wars: While protecting a railroad survey party in Montana, the Seventh Cavalry, under Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer, clashes for the first time with the Sioux, near the Tongue River (only 1 man on each side is killed).
• August 12 – A peace treaty is signed between Imperial Russia and the Khanate of Khiva, making the khanate a Russian protectorate.
• September 15 – International Meteorological Organization (IMO).
• September 16 – German troops leave France upon completion of payment of indemnity for the Franco-Prussian War.
• September 17 – The Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College, later The Ohio State University, opens its doors with 25 students, including 2 women.
• September 18 – The New York stock market crash triggers the Panic of 1873, part of the Long Depression.
• September 25 – Classes begin at Drury University.

October–December

• October – Beginning of the Long Depression
• October 6 – The Co. Carlow Football Club (Rugby union) is founded.
• November 6 – The Halifax Rugby league Club is founded.
• November 7 – Alexander Mackenzie becomes the second Prime Minister of Canada.
• November 17 – From Pest, Buda and Óbuda, Budapest, Hungary's capital, is formed.
• December – Major Walter Clopton Wingfield designed and patented a similar game — which he called sphairistike (Greek: σφάίρίστική, from ancient Greek meaning "skill at playing at ball"), and was soon known simply as "sticky" — for the amusement of his guests at a garden party on his estate of Nantclwyd, in Llanelidan, Wales.
• December 15 – Women of Fredonia, New York march against the retail liquor dealers in town to inaugurate the Woman's Crusade of 1873–74. This leads to the creation of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union.
• December 16 – The Heineken Brewery is founded in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
• December 21 – Francis Garnier is attacked outside of Hanoi by Black Flag mercenaries fighting for the Vietnamese.

Date unknown

• The Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition discovers Franz-Josef Land.
• The United Kingdom declares war against Ghana's King Kofi KariKari, who is involved in the trading of slaves. The war ends by July and the British establish the Gold Coast Colony.
• League of the Three Emperors is created. It links the conservative monarchs of Austria-Hungary, Germany and Russia in an alliance against radical movements.
• Founding of:
  • Toronto Argonauts, the oldest professional sports team still playing in North America
  • Rangers F.C., Glasgow, Scotland
  • Royal Montreal Club in Montreal, Quebec, the first permanent golf club in North America
  • St Mary's School, Calne
  • Clydebank High School, Clydebank, Scotland
• Liebig's Extract of Meat Company begin producing tinned corned beef, sold under the label Fray Bentos from the town in Uruguay where it is processed.
• Coors Brewing Company begins making beer in Golden, Colorado.
• The Swedish arms company Bofors is incorporated.
• DDT is first synthesized.
• In Mexico, the Veracruz to Mexico City railroad is completed.
• Britain puts pressure on Sultan Barghash Sayyid, who closes slave markets in Zanzibar.
• The Woman's Temperance League is organized by Eliza Daniel Stewart.
• Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky composes The Tempest.
• Nine Pekin ducks are imported to Long Island (the first in the United States).

Births

January–June

• January 2 – Saint Therese of Lisieux, Catholic saint and mystic (d. 1897)
• January 4 – Blanche Walsh, stage & screen actress (d. 1915)
• January 7 – Adolph Zukor, Austrian-born film studio pioneer (d. 1976)
• January 8
  • Iuliu Maniu, Romanian politician (d. 1953)
  • Grace Van Studdiford, American stage actress & opera singer (d. 1927)
• January 10 – George Orton, Canadian athlete (d. 1958)
• January 12 – Spiridon Louis, Greek runner (d. 1940)
• January 20 – Johannes Vilhelm Jensen, Danish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1950)
• January 28 – Colette, French writer (d. 1954)
• January 30 – Vasily Balabanov, an administrator and Provincial Governor of Imperial Russia (d. 1947)
• February 2 – Maurice Tourneur, French film director (d. 1961)
• February 3
  • Hugh Trenchard, British military aviation pioneer (d. 1956)
  • Karl Jatho, German aviation pioneer (d. 1933)
• February 4 – Étienne Desmarteau, Canadian athlete (d. 1905)
• February 13 – Feodor Chaliapin, Russian bass opera singer (d. 1938)
• February 15 – Hans von Euler-Chelpin, German-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1964)
• February 19 – Louis Feuillade, French film director (d. 1925)
• February 25 – Enrico Caruso, Italian tenor (d. 1921)
• March 3 – William Green, American labor leader (d. 1952)
• March 8 – Anna Held, French actress, (d. 1918)
• March 11 – David Horsley, English-born film executive (d. 1933)
• March 13 – Leon Delagrange, French sculptor & pioneer aviator (d. 1910)
• March 19 – Max Reger, German composer (d. 1916)
• April 1 (N.S.)/March 20 (O.S.) – Sergei Rachmaninoff, Russian composer and pianist (d. 1943)
• April 7 – John McGraw, baseball player and manager (d. 1934)
• April 10 – Kyösti Kallio, Prime Minister and President of Finland (d. 1940)
• April 19 – Sydney Barnes, English cricketer (d. 1967)
• April 20 – Gombojab Tsybikov, Russian explorer (d. 1930)
• April 22 – Ellen Glasgow, American writer (d. 1945)
• May – Leon Frank Czolgosz, assassin of U.S. President William McKinley (d. 1901)
• May 4 – Joe De Grasse, Canadian film director (d. 1940)
• May 9 – Anton Cermak, Mayor of Chicago (d. 1933)
• May 17
  • Henri Barbusse, French novelist and journalist (d. 1935)
  • Dorothy Richardson, English feminist writer (d. 1957)
• May 18 – Lucy Beaumont, English actress (d. 1937)
• May 28 – D.D. Sheehan, Irish politician (d. 1948)
• June 3 – Otto Loewi, German-born pharmacologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1961)
• June 26 – Alexis Carrel, French surgeon and biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1944)

July–December

• July 1 – Alice Guy-Blaché, French-American filmmaker (d. 1968)
• July 20 – Alberto Santos-Dumont, Brazilian aviation pioneer (d. 1932)
• August 5 – Joseph Russell Knowland, American politician and newspaperman (d. 1966)
• August 13 – Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven
• August 17 – John A. Sampson, American gynecologist (d. 1946)
• August 25 – Blanche Bates, actress (d. 1941)
• August 26 – Lee De Forest, American inventor (d. 1961)
• September 1 – Sir Guy Standing, British actor (d. 1937)
• September 5 – Cornelius Vanderbilt III, American military officer, inventor, engineer (d. 1942)
• September 8 – David O. McKay, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1970)
• September 20
  • Sidney Olcott, pioneer film director (d. 1949)
  • Ferenc Szisz, Hungarian-born race car driver (d. 1944)
• September 21 – Papa Jack Laine, jazz musician (d. 1966)
• September 26 – Wacław Berent, Polish novelist and translator (d. 1940)
• October 2 – Stephen Warfield Gambrill, U.S. Congressman for Maryland's 5th District (d. 1924)
• October 3 – Emily Post, American etiquette expert (d. 1960)
• October 9 – Charles Rudolph Walgreen, American businessman (d. 1939)
• October 14 – Ray Ewry, American athlete (d. 1937)
• October 19
  • Jaap Eden, Dutch skater and cyclist (d. 1925)
  • John Barton King, American cricketer (d. 1965)
• October 26
  • Thorvald Stauning, Prime Minister of Denmark (d. 1942)
  • A. K. Fazlul Huq, Bengali statesman (d. 1962)
• November 16 – W. C. Handy, American blues composer (d. 1958)
• November 22 – Johnny Tyldesley, English cricketer (d. 1930)
• December 7 – Willa Siebert Cather, American novelist (d. 1947)
• December 11 – Josip Plemelj, Slovenian mathematician (d. 1967)
• December 17 – Ford Madox Ford, English writer (d. 1939)
• December 20 – Kwan-Ichi Asakawa, Japanese historian(d. 1948)
• December 26 – Thomas Wass, Nottinghamshire bowler (d. 1953)
• December 30 – Al Smith, American politician (d. 1944)

Date unknown

• James Cousins, Irish writer (d. 1956)
• William Ernest Hocking, American philosopher (d. 1966)

Deaths

January–June

• January 9 – Napoleon III, last Emperor of the French (b. 1808)
• January 18 – Edward George Bulwer-Lytton, English writer (b. 1803)
• January 23 – Jothi Ramalinga Swamigal, Hindu religious leader (b. 1823)
• January 29 – The Venerable Father Basil Anthony Marie Moreau, founder of the Congregation of Holy Cross (b. 1799)
• February 3 – Isaac Baker Brown, English gynaecologist and surgeon (b. 1811)
• February 7 – Sheridan Le Fanu, Irish writer (b. 1814)
• February 19 – Vasil Levski, Bulgarian revolutionary (b. 1837)
• March 10 – John Torrey, American botanist (b. 1796)
• March 24 – Mary Ann Cotton, English serial killer (b. 1832)
• March 25 – Wilhelm Marstrand, Danish painter (b. 1810)
• April 11 – Edward Canby, U.S. general (b. 1817)
• April 18 – Justus von Liebig, German chemist (b. 1803)
• April 27 – William Charles Macready, English actor (b. 1793)
• May 4 – David Livingstone, Scottish explorer of Africa (b. 1813)
• May 6 – José Antonio Páez, first President of Venezuela (b. 1790)
• May 7 – Salmon P. Chase, Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1808)
• May 8 – John Stuart Mill, British philosopher (b. 1806)
• May 15 – Alexandru Ioan Cuza, first ruler of Romania (b. 1820)
• May 20 – George-Étienne Cartier, Canadian statesman (b. 1814)
• May 29 – Edouard de Verneuil, palaeontologist (b. 1805)
• June 1 – Joseph Howe, Canadian politician (b. 1804)

July–December

• August 18 – Charles II, Duke of Brunswick (b. 1804)
• September 11 – Augustín Fernández Muñoz, Duke of Riansares, morganatic husband of Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
• September 17 – Alexander Berry, Scottish adventurer and Australian pioneer (b. 1781)
• September 22 – Friedrich Frey-Herosé, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1801)
• September 23 – Jean Chacornac, French astronomer (b. 1823)
• October 5 – William Todd (1803–1873), American businessman, Canadian senate nominee (b. 1803)
• October 9 – George Ormerod, English historian and antiquarian (b. 1785)
• November 6 – Breton de los Herreros, Spanish playwright (b. 1796)
• December 14
  • Louis Agassiz, Swiss-born geologist and naturalist (b. 1807)
  • Alexander Keith, Scottish brewer and mayor of Halifax (b. 1795)

In Fiction

• The 2011 western movie Cowboys & Aliens is set in 1873.

References

• Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia...for 1873 (1879) online edition, detailed worldwide coverage