2011

This article is about the year 2011. For the number (and other uses), see 2011 (number).

Millennium:	3rd millennium
Centuries:	20th century – 21st century – 22nd century
Decades:	1980s  1990s  2000s  – 2010s –  2020s  2030s  2040s
Years:	2008 2009 2010 – 2011 – 2012 2013 2014

2011 by topic:

News by month

Jan – Feb – Mar – Apr – May – Jun Jul – Aug – Sep – Oct – Nov – Dec

Arts

Architecture – Art – Comics – Film – Home video – Literature (Poetry) – Music (Country, Metal, UK) – Radio – Television – Video gaming

Politics

Elections – Int'l leaders – Politics – State leaders – Sovereign states

Science and technology

Archaeology – Aviation – Birding/Ornithology – Meteorology – Palaeontology – Rail transport – Science – Spaceflight

Sports

Sport – Athletics (Track and Field) – Australian Football League – Baseball – Basketball – Football (soccer) – Cricket – Ice Hockey – Motorsport – Tennis – Rugby league

By place

Algeria – Argentina – Australia – Brazil – Canada – People's Republic of China – Denmark – El Salvador – Egypt – European Union – France – Germany – Ghana – India – Iraq – Iran – Ireland – Israel – Italy – Japan – Kenya – Lithuania – Luxembourg – Malaysia – Mexico – New Zealand – Norway – Pakistan – Palestinian territories – Philippines – Poland – Romania – Russia – Singapore – South Africa – South Korea – Spain – Sri Lanka – United Arab Emirates – United Kingdom – United States – Zimbabwe

Other topics

Awards – Law – Religious leaders

Birth and death categories

Births – Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments – Disestablishments

Works and introductions categories

Works – Introductions

v · d · e

2011 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	2011 MMXI
Ab urbe condita	2764
Armenian calendar	1460 ԹՎ ՌՆԿ
Assyrian calendar	6761
Bahá'í calendar	167 – 168
Bengali calendar	1418
Berber calendar	2961
British Regnal year	59 Eliz. 2 – 60 Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar	2555
Burmese calendar	1373
Byzantine calendar	7519 – 7520
Chinese calendar	庚寅年十一月廿七日 (4647/4707-11-27) — to — 辛卯年十二月初七日 (4648/4708-12-7)
Coptic calendar	1727 – 1728
Ethiopian calendar	2003 – 2004
Hebrew calendar	5771 – 5772
Hindu calendars
- Bikram Samwat	2067 – 2068
- Shaka Samvat	1933 – 1934
- Kali Yuga	5112 – 5113
Holocene calendar	12011
Iranian calendar	1389 – 1390
Islamic calendar	1432 – 1433
Japanese calendar	Heisei 23 (平成23年)
Korean calendar	4344
Minguo calendar	ROC 100 民國100年
Thai solar calendar	2554
Unix time	1293840000 – 1325375999
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2011 (MMXI) is the current year, which is a common year that started on a Saturday. In the Gregorian calendar, it is the 2011th year of the Common Era (CE) and the Anno Domini (AD) designation; the 11th year of the 3rd millennium and of the 21st century; and the 2nd of the 2010s decade.

The United Nations has designated 2011 the International Year of Forests and the International Year of Chemistry.^[1]

Events

January

• January 1 – Estonia officially adopts the Euro currency and becomes the seventeenth Eurozone country.^[2]
• January 9–15 – Southern Sudan holds a referendum on independence. The Sudanese electorate votes in favour of independence, paving the way for the creation of the new state in July.^[3][4]
• January 11 – Flooding and mudslides in the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro kills 903.^[5]
• January 14 – Arab Spring: The Tunisian government falls after a month of increasingly violent protests; President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali flees to Saudi Arabia after 23 years in power.^[6][7]
• January 24 – 37 people are killed and more than 180 others wounded in a bombing at Domodedovo International Airport in Moscow, Russia.^[8][9][10]

February

• February 11 – Arab Spring: Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak resigns after widespread protests calling for his departure, leaving control of Egypt in the hands of the military until a general election can be held.^[11]
• February 22 - March 14 – Uncertainty over Libyan oil output causes crude oil prices to rise 20% over a two-week period following the Arab Spring,^[12] causing the 2011 energy crisis.

March

• March 11 – A 9.1-magnitude^[13] earthquake and subsequent tsunami hit the east of Japan, killing 15,822 and leaving another 3,926 missing. Tsunami warnings are issued in 50 countries and territories. Emergencies are declared at four nuclear power plants affected by the quake.^[14]
• March 15 – Arab Spring: Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, King of Bahrain declares a three-month state of emergency as troops from the Gulf Co-operation Council are sent to quell the civil unrest.^[15][16]
• March 17 – Arab Spring and the Libyan civil war: The United Nations Security Council votes 10-0 to create a no-fly zone over Libya in response to allegations of government aggression against civilians.^[17]
• March 19 – Arab Spring and the Libyan civil war: In light of continuing attacks on Libyan rebels by forces in support of leader Muammar Gaddafi,^[18] military intervention authorized under UNSCR 1973 begins as French fighter jets make reconnaissance flights over Libya.^[19]

April

• April 11 – Former Ivorian President Laurent Gbagbo is arrested in his home in Abidjan by supporters of elected President Alassane Ouattara with support from French forces thereby ending the 2010–2011 Ivorian crisis and civil war.^[20]
• April 29 – An estimated two billion people^[21] watch the wedding of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge and Catherine Middleton at Westminster Abbey in London.

May

• May 1 – U.S. President Barack Obama announces that Osama bin Laden, the founder and leader of the militant group Al-Qaeda, has been killed during an American military operation in Pakistan.^[22]
• May 16 – The European Union agree to €78 billion rescue deal for Portugal. The bailout loan will be equally split between the European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism, the European Financial Stability Facility, and the International Monetary Fund.^[23]
• May 26 – Former Bosnian Serb Army commander Ratko Mladić, wanted for genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity, is arrested in Serbia.^[24][25]

June

• June 4 – Chile's Puyehue volcano erupts, causing air traffic cancellations across South America, New Zealand, Australia and forcing over 3,000 people to evacuate.
• June 5 – Arab Spring: Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh travels to Saudi Arabia for treatment of an injury sustained during an attack on the presidential palace. Protesters celebrate his transfer of power to his Vice-President Abd al-Rab Mansur al-Hadi.^[26]
• June 12 – Arab Spring: Thousands of Syrians flee to Turkey as Syrian troops lay siege to Jisr ash-Shugur.^[27]

July

• July 7 – The world's first artificial organ transplant is achieved, using an artificial windpipe coated with stem cells.^[28]
• July 9 – South Sudan secedes from Sudan, per the result of the independence referendum held in January.^[29]
• July 20
  • Goran Hadžić is detained in Serbia, becoming the last of 161 people indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.^[30]
  • The United Nations declares a famine in southern Somalia, the first in over thirty years.^[31]
• July 21 – Space Shuttle Atlantis lands successfully at Kennedy Space Center after completing STS-135, concluding NASA's space shuttle program.^[32]
• July 22 – 76 people are killed in twin terrorist attacks in Norway after a bombing in the Regjeringskvartalet (the government center in Oslo) and a shooting at a political youth camp in the island of Utøya.^{[33][34][35][36]}
• July 31 - September 24 – Arab Spring: Because of the uncertaintities associated with a clamp-down of the free press, there is believed to be at least 121 people killed in a Syrian Army tank raid on the town of Hama and over 150 people are reportedly killed across the country.^[37][38][39] The total dead throughout Syria may never be known, but an estimate as of September 24 is 3,000.

August

• August 5
  • NASA announces that its Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter captured photographic evidence of possible liquid water on Mars during warm seasons.
  • Juno, the first solar-powered spacecraft on a mission to Jupiter, is launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.^[40]
• August 20–28 – Arab Spring and the Libyan civil war: In the Battle of Tripoli, Libyan rebels took control the nation's capital effectively overthrowing the government of Muammar Gaddafi.^[41][42][43]

September

• September 5 – India and Bangladesh sign a pact to end their 40-year border demarcation dispute.^[44]
• September 10 – Zanzibar ferry sinking: The MV Spice Islander I carrying at least 800 people sank off the coast of Zanzibar. 240 people have been confirmed dead.^[45]
• September 12 – Approximately 100 Kenyans are dead after a petrol pipeline explosion in Nairobi, Kenya.^[46]
• September 19 – After 434 dead, the United Nations launches a $357 million appeal for victims of the 2011 Sindh floods in Pakistan.^[47]

October

• October 4
  • 2011 Mogadishu bombing: 100^[48] people are killed in a car bombing in the Somali capital Mogadishu.^[49]
  • In Thailand, 283^[50] people are killed by floods during a severe monsoon season, with 58 of the country's 77 provinces affected.^[51]
  • The death toll from the flooding of Cambodia's Mekong River and attendant flash floods reaches 207.^[52][53]
• October 18 – Israel and the Palestinian militant organization Hamas begin a major prisoner swap, in which the captured Israeli Army soldier Gilad Shalit is released by Hamas in exchange for 1,027 Palestinian and Israeli-Arab prisoners held in Israel, including 280 prisoners serving life sentences for planning and perpetrating terror attacks.^[54][55][56]
• October 20
  • Arab Spring and the Libyan civil war: Former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi is killed in Sirte, with National Transitional Council forces taking control of the city, and ending the war.^{[57][58][59][60][61]}
  • Basque separatist militant organisation ETA declares an end to its 43-year campaign of political violence, which has killed over 800 people since 1968.^[62]
• October 23 – A destructive magnitude 7.2 M_w earthquake jolted eastern Turkey near the city of Van, killing over 582 people, and damaging about 2,200 buildings.^[63]
• October 27 – After an emergency meeting in Brussels, the European Union announced an agreement to tackle the European sovereign debt crisis which includes a writedown of 50% of Greek bonds, a recapitalisation of European banks and an increase of the bailout fund of the European Financial Stability Facility totaling to €1 trillion.^[64][65]
• October 31 – Date selected by the UN as the symbolic date when global population reaches seven billion.^[66]

Predicted and scheduled events

Deaths

Main article: Deaths in 2011

Further information: Category:2011 deaths

January

Gerry Rafferty

• January 2
  • Anne Francis, American actress (b. 1930)
  • Pete Postlethwaite, British actor (b. 1946)
  • Richard Winters, American paratrooper (b. 1918)
• January 4
  • Prince Ali-Reza Pahlavi of Iran (b. 1966)
  • Gerry Rafferty, Scottish musician (b. 1947)
• January 15
  • Nat Lofthouse, English footballer (b. 1925)
  • Susannah York, British actress (b. 1939)
• January 18 – Sargent Shriver, American politician and diplomat (b. 1915)
• January 21 – Dennis Oppenheim, American artist (b. 1938)
• January 24 – Bernd Eichinger, German film producer and director (b. 1949)
• January 29 – Milton Babbitt, American composer (b. 1916)
• January 30 – John Barry, British film score composer (b. 1933)

February

Jane Russell

• February 3 – Maria Schneider, French actress (b. 1952)
• February 5 – Brian Jacques, British author (b. 1939)
• February 6
  • Josefa Iloilo, 3rd President of Fiji (b. 1920)
  • Gary Moore, Irish musician (b. 1952)
• February 8 – Cesare Rubini, Italian basketball player and coach (b. 1923)
• February 14 – George Shearing, British-American jazz pianist (b. 1919)
• February 27 – Necmettin Erbakan, 25th Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1926)
• February 28 – Jane Russell, American actress (b. 1921)

March

Elizabeth Taylor

• March 4
  • Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, 30th Prime Minister of Nepal (b. 1924)
  • Simon van der Meer, Dutch physicist (b. 1925)
• March 5 – Alberto Granado, Cuban writer and scientist (b. 1922)
• March 6 – Ján Popluhár, Slovak footballer (b. 1935)
• March 15 – Nate Dogg, American rapper (b. 1969)
• March 17 – Michael Gough, British actor (b. 1916)
• March 18 – Warren Christopher, American diplomat (b. 1925)
• March 21 – Nikolai Andrianov, Soviet-Russian gymnast (b. 1952)
• March 23 – Elizabeth Taylor, British-American actress (b. 1932)
• March 26
  • Paul Baran, Polish-American computer engineer (b. 1926)
  • Geraldine Ferraro, American politician (b. 1935)
  • Diana Wynne Jones, British writer (b. 1934)
• March 27 – Farley Granger, American actor (b. 1925)
• March 29 – José Alencar, Brazilian politician (b. 1931)

April

William Lipscomb

• April 5
  • Baruch Samuel Blumberg, American physician (b. 1925)
  • Ange-Félix Patassé, 5th President of the Central African Republic (b. 1937)
• April 9 – Sidney Lumet, American film director (b. 1924)
• April 14 – William Lipscomb, American chemist (b. 1919)
• April 19 – Grete Waitz, Norwegian athlete (b. 1953)
• April 24 – Sathya Sai Baba, Indian spiritual leader (b. 1926)
• April 30 – Ernesto Sabato, Argentine writer (b. 1911)

May

Osama bin Laden

Rosalyn Yalow

• May 2 – Osama bin Laden, Saudi Arabian-born Leader of Al-Qaeda (b. 1957)
• May 3 – Jackie Cooper, American actor (b. 1922)
• May 7
  • Seve Ballesteros, Spanish golfer (b. 1957)
  • Willard Boyle, Canadian Nobel physicist (b. 1924)
• May 9 – Lidia Gueiler Tejada, 67th President of Bolivia (b. 1921)
• May 16 – Samuel Wanjiru, Kenyan athlete (b. 1986)
• May 19 – Garret FitzGerald, 7th Taoiseach of Ireland (b. 1926)
• May 20 – Randy Savage, American professional wrestler (b. 1952)
• May 27
  • Jeff Conaway, American actor (b. 1950)
  • Gil Scott-Heron, American poet and musician (b. 1949)
• May 29
  • Sergei Bagapsh, Georgian-born politician (b. 1949)
  • Ferenc Mádl, 2nd President of Hungary (b. 1931)
• May 30 – Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, American physicist (b. 1921)
• May 31 – Pauline Betz, American tennis player (b. 1919)

June

Jack Kevorkian

• June 3 – Jack Kevorkian, American euthanasia advocate (b. 1928)
• June 4 – Lawrence Eagleburger, American diplomat (b. 1930)
• June 7 – Jorge Semprún, Spanish writer and politician (b. 1923)
• June 9 – M.F. Hussain, Indian painter (b. 1915)
• June 18
  • Frederick Chiluba, 2nd President of Zambia (b. 1943)
  • Clarence Clemons, American musician and actor (b. 1942)
• June 23 – Peter Falk, American actor (b. 1927)

July

Itamar Franco

• July 2 – Itamar Franco, 37th President of Brazil (b. 1930)
• July 4 – Otto von Habsburg, Austro-Hungarian noble and politician (b. 1912)
• July 5 – Cy Twombly, American painter (b. 1928)
• July 8 – Betty Ford, former First Lady of the United States (b. 1918)
• July 10 – Roland Petit, French choreographer and dancer (b. 1924)
• July 12 – Tom Gehrels, American astronomer (b. 1925)
• July 17 – Juan Maria Bordaberry, 36th President of Uruguay (b. 1928)
• July 20 – Lucian Freud, German-born British painter (b. 1922)
• July 23
  • Robert Ettinger, American academic (b. 1918)
  • Nguyen Cao Ky, 8th Prime Minister of the Republic of Vietnam (b. 1930)
  • Amy Winehouse, British singer (b. 1983)
• July 25 – Mihalis Kakogiannis, Cypriot filmmaker (b. 1922)
• July 28 – Abdul Fatah Younis, Libyan army commander (b. 1944)
• July 30 – Mario Echandi Jiménez, 47th President of Costa Rica (b. 1915)

August

Harri Holkeri

• August 2 – Baruj Benacerraf, Venezuelan-born American Nobel immunologist (b. 1920)
• August 3 – Bubba Smith, American football player and actor (b. 1945)
• August 7 – Harri Holkeri, 57th Finnish Prime Minister (b. 1937)
• August 14 – Shammi Kapoor, Indian film actor and director (b. 1931)
• August 16 – Andrej Bajuk, 3rd Prime Minister of Republic of Slovenia (b. 1943)
• August 17 – Nancy Wake, World War II veteran with the French Resistance (b. 1912)
• August 19 – Raúl Ruiz, Chilean film director (b. 1941)

September

Wangari Maathai

• September 7
  • Pavol Demitra, Slovakian hockey player (b. 1974)
  • Stefan Liv, Polish-born Swedish hockey player (b. 1980)
  • Ruslan Salei, Belarusian hockey player (b. 1974)
  • Kārlis Skrastiņš, Latvian hockey player (b. 1974)
• September 10 – Cliff Robertson, American actor (b. 1923)
• September 11 – Andy Whitfield, Welsh actor and model (b. 1972)
• September 13 – Richard Hamilton, British painter and collage artist (b. 1922)
• September 14 – Rudolf Mössbauer, German Nobel physicist (b. 1929)
• September 19 – George Cadle Price, 1st Prime Minister of Belize (b. 1919)
• September 20 – Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of Afghanistan from 1992 to 1996 (b. 1940)
• September 25 – Wangari Maathai, Kenyan veterinary anatomist and Nobel Peace Prize winner (b. 1940)
• September 27 – Imre Makovecz, Hungarian architect (b. 1935)
• September 30
  • Anwar al-Awlaki, American-born terrorist and Islamist militant (b. 1971)
  • Ralph M. Steinman, Canadian Nobel immunologist and cell biologist (b. 1943)

October

Steve Jobs

Muammar Gaddafi

• October 1 – Sven Tumba, Swedish hockey player (b. 1931)
• October 5
  • Steve Jobs, American computer engineer (b. 1955)
  • Charles Napier, American actor (b. 1936)
• October 6 – Diane Cilento, Australian actress (b. 1933)
• October 7 – Ramiz Alia, 1st President of Albania (b. 1925)
• October 12 – Dennis Ritchie, American computer scientist (b. 1941)
• October 16 – Dan Wheldon, English racing car driver (b. 1978)
• October 20 – Muammar Gaddafi, Libyan leader (b. 1942)
• October 22 – Sultan bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud, crown prince of Saudi Arabia (b. 1930)
• October 23 – Marco Simoncelli, Italian motorcycle road racer (b. 1987)
• October 24 – John McCarthy, American computer scientist (b. 1927)
• October 31 – Flórián Albert, Hungarian footballer (b. 1941)

November

• November 4 – Alfonso Cano, Colombian militant leader (b. 1948)
• November 5 – Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr., American physicist (b. 1915)
• November 7 – Joe Frazier, American boxer (b. 1944)
• November 9 – Har Gobind Khorana, Indian-born American biochemist (b. 1922)

Nobel Prizes

• Chemistry – Dan Shechtman^[67]
• Economics – Christopher A. Sims and Thomas J. Sargent^[68]
• Literature – Tomas Tranströmer^[69]
• Peace – Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee and Tawakel Karman^[70]
• Physics – Saul Perlmutter, Adam G. Riess, and Brian P. Schmidt^[71]
• Physiology or Medicine – Bruce A. Beutler, Jules A. Hoffmann, and Ralph M. Steinman^[72]

Major religious holidays

• January 7 (6 in Armenia) – Orthodox Christmas
• February 1 – Imbolc, a Cross-quarter day
• March 8 – Shrove Tuesday / Mardi Gras, end of Mardi Gras / Carnival season
• March 9 – Ash Wednesday (first day of Lent)
• March 20 – Holi
• March 21 – (Northern hemisphere) Vernal equinox, also known as Ostara & Persian New Year
• April 18 – Passover begins at sundown
• April 24 – Easter (Western and Orthodox)
• May 1 – Beltane, a Cross-quarter day
• June 7 – Shavuot begins
• August 1
  • Ramadan begins (Islam)
  • Lammas, a Cross-quarter day
• August 31 – Eid al-Fitr
• September 1 – Ganesh Chaturthi
• September 11 – Anant Chaturdashi
• September 23 – (Northern hemisphere) Autumnal equinox, also known as Mabon
• September 28 – Rosh Hashana begins at sundown
• October 7 – Yom Kippur begins at sundown
• October 26 – Diwali, a religious holiday in Hinduism
• November 6 – Eid al-Adha
• November 26 – Islamic New Year
• December 20 – Hanukkah
• December 25 – Christmas

In fiction

Main article: Works of fiction set in 2011

References

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