1911

This article is about the year 1911. For the film, see 1911 (film). For the pistol, see M1911 pistol.

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	19th century – 20th century – 21st century
Decades:	1880s  1890s  1900s  – 1910s –  1920s  1930s  1940s
Years:	1908 1909 1910 – 1911 – 1912 1913 1914

1911 by topic:

Subject

Archaeology – Architecture – Art – Aviation – Awards – Comics – Film – Literature (Poetry) – Meteorology – Music – Rail transport – Radio – Science – Sports – Television

By country

Australia – Canada – China – Ecuador – France – Germany – Greece – India – Ireland – Italy – Japan – Malaya – Mexico – New Zealand – Norway – Ottoman Syria – Philippines – Russia – Singapore – South Africa – UK – USA

Leaders

Sovereign states – State leaders – Religious leaders – Law

Birth and death categories

Births – Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments – Disestablishments

Works and introductions categories

Works – Introductions

v · d · e

1911 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1911 MCMXI
Ab urbe condita	2664
Armenian calendar	1360 ԹՎ ՌՅԿ
Assyrian calendar	6661
Bahá'í calendar	67 – 68
Bengali calendar	1318
Berber calendar	2861
British Regnal year	10 Edw. 7 – 1 Geo. 5
Buddhist calendar	2455
Burmese calendar	1273
Byzantine calendar	7419 – 7420
Chinese calendar	庚戌年十二月初一日 (4547/4607-12-1) — to — 辛亥年十一月十二日 (4548/4608-11-12)
Coptic calendar	1627 – 1628
Ethiopian calendar	1903 – 1904
Hebrew calendar	5671 – 5672
Hindu calendars
- Bikram Samwat	1967 – 1968
- Shaka Samvat	1833 – 1834
- Kali Yuga	5012 – 5013
Holocene calendar	11911
Iranian calendar	1289 – 1290
Islamic calendar	1329 – 1330
Japanese calendar	Meiji 44 (明治44年)
Korean calendar	4244
Minguo calendar	1 before ROC 民前1年
Thai solar calendar	2454
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Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar.

Events

January

Main article: January 1911

• January 18 – Eugene B. Ely lands on the deck of the USS Pennsylvania stationed in San Francisco harbor, marking the first time an aircraft lands on a ship.
• January 21 – The first Monte Carlo races (Rallye Automobile Monte Carlo) are held.

February

Main article: February 1911

• February 18 – The first official air mail flight takes place from Allahabad, India to Naini, India, when Henri Pequet carries 6,500 letters a distance of 13 km.

March

Main article: March 1911

• March 19 – International Women's Day is celebrated for the first time.^[1]
• March 25 – A fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory in New York City, United States, kills 146.
• March 29 – The United States Army adopts a new service pistol, the M1911. It remains the US service pistol for 74 years.

April

Main article: April 1911

• April 8 – Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discovers Superconductivity^[2]
• April 13 – Mexican Revolution: Rebels take Agua Prieta on the Sonora–Arizona border; government troops take the town back April 17 when the rebel leader "Red" López is drunk.
• April 19 – Mexican Revolution: Francisco I. Madero's troops besiege Ciudad Juárez but general Juan J. Navarro refuses his demand of surrender.

May

Main article: May 1911

• May 8 – Mexican Revolution: Pancho Villa launches an attack against government troops in Ciudad Juarez without Madero's permission. Government troops surrender May 10.
• May 17 – Mexican Revolution: Porfirio Diaz is convinced to resign but does not do so officially.
• May 21 – Mexican Revolution: A peace treaty is signed between the rebels of Madero and government troops in Ciudad Juarez.
• May 24 – Mexican Revolution: Government troops fire at anti-Diaz demonstrators in Mexico City, killing about 200 (officials claim only 40).
• May 25 – Mexican Revolution: Porfirio Diaz signs his resignation and leaves for Veracruz; on May 31 he leaves for exile in France.

June

Main article: June 1911

• June 7 – Mexican Revolution: Francisco Madero arrives in Mexico City just after a local earthquake.

July

Main article: July 1911

• July 1 – The presence of the German warship Panther in the Moroccan port of Agadir triggers the Agadir Crisis.
• July 24 – Hiram Bingham rediscovers Machu Picchu in Peru.

July 24: Machu Picchu is rediscovered.

August

Main article: August 1911

• August 22 – The theft of the Mona Lisa is discovered in the Louvre.

September

Main article: September 1911

• September 25 – The French Navy ship Liberté explodes at anchor in Toulon, France killing around 300 on both ship and the neighbouring area.
• September 29 – Italy declares war on Ottoman Empire.
• September 30 – The Austin Dam breaks, wiping out the town of Austin, Pennsylvania, United States, killing 78.

October

Main article: October 1911

• October 10 – The Wuchang Uprising starts the Xinhai Revolution that leads to the founding of the Republic of China.
• October 16 – Mexican Revolution: Felix Diaz, nephew of Porfirio Diaz, occupies the port of Veracruz as a sign of rebellion against Madero.

November

Main article: November 1911

• November 1 – World's first combat aerial bombing mission takes place in Libya during the Italo-Turkish War. Second Lieutenant Giulio Gavotti of Italy drops several small bombs.
• November 5 – Italy annexes Tripoli and Cyrenaica (this act is confirmed by an act of the Italian Parliament on February 25, 1912).

December

• December – Delhi Durbar held to mark the coronation of King George V of the United Kingdom and Queen Mary as Emperor and Empress of India and the transfer of the capital of the British Raj from Calcutta to Delhi.
• December 14 – Roald Amundsen's expedition reaches the South Pole.
• December 18 – Opening of first exhibition by Der Blaue Reiter group of painters, in Munich.
• December 29 – Sun Yat-sen is elected the first Provisional President of the Republic of China.

Date unknown

• The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition is published under American management in England by Cambridge University Press.
• New Zealand-born British physicist Ernest Rutherford deduces the existence of a compact atomic nucleus from scattering experiments.

Births

January–February

• January 1
  • Roman Totenberg, Polish-American violinist
  • Hank Greenberg, American baseball player (d. 1986)
• January 3 – John Sturges, American film director (d. 1982)
• January 5 – Jean-Pierre Aumont, French actor (d. 2001)
• January 7 – Butterfly McQueen, American actress (d. 1995)
• January 11 – Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2004)
• January 13 – Joh Bjelke-Petersen, Premier of Queensland (d. 2005)
• January 17 – George Joseph Stigler, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
• January 18 – José María Arguedas, Peruvian novelist, poet, and anthropologist (d. 1969)
• January 19
  • Ken Nelson, American record producer and music executive (d. 2008)
  • Choor Singh, former judge of the Supreme Court of Singapore (d. 2009)
• January 20 – Wendell J. Westcott, American carillonneur (d. 2010)
• January 22
  • Bruno Kreisky, Chancellor of Austria (d. 1990)
  • Mary Hayley Bell, English dramatist, wife of Sir John Mills (d 2005)
• January 24 – C. L. Moore, American writer (d. 1987)
• January 25 – Kurt Maetzig, German director
• January 26 – Polykarp Kusch, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
• January 28 – Johan van Hulst, Dutch politician
• January 29 – Peter von Siemens, German industrialist (d. 1986)
• January 30 – Roy Eldridge, American jazz musician (d. 1989)
• February 5 – Jussi Björling, Swedish tenor (d. 1960)
• February 6 – Ronald Reagan, actor and 40th President of the United States (d. 2004)
• February 8 – Elizabeth Bishop, American poet (d. 1979)
• February 11 – Cearbhall Ó Dálaigh (Carroll Daly), fifth president of Ireland (d. 1978)
• February 12 – Stephen H. Sholes, American recording executive (d. 1968)
• February 13 – Jean Muir, American actress (d. 1996)
• February 14
  • Willem Johan Kolff, Dutch inventor of hemodialysis (d. 2009)
  • Eduardo Serrano, Venezuelan musician and composer (d. 2008)
• February 17
  • Oskar Seidlin, Silesian-born Jewish-American literary scholar (d. 1984)
  • Orrin Tucker, American bandleader and composer (d. 2011)
• February 19 – Merle Oberon, British actress (d. 1979)
• February 28 – Otakar Vávra, Czech director

March–April

• March 3 – Jean Harlow, American actress (d. 1937)
• March 6 – Nikolai Baibakov, Soviet statesman (d. 2008)
• March 8 – Alan Hovhaness, American composer (d. 2000)
• March 9 – Ebby Halliday, American realtor
• March 12 – Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Mexican president (d. 1979)
• March 13
  • L. Ron Hubbard, American science fiction author and founder of Scientology (d. 1986)
  • Marie Rudisill, American author and Fruitcake Lady (d. 2006)
• March 15 – Ursula Vaughan Williams, British author (d. 2007)
• March 16
  • Pierre Harmel, Belgian Prime Minister (d. 2009)
  • Josef Mengele, German Nazi war criminal (d. 1979)
• March 18 – Al Benton, American baseball player (d. 1968)
• March 20 – Alfonso García Robles, Mexican diplomat and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1991)
• March 24
  • Joseph Barbera, American cartoonist (d. 2006)
  • Jane Drew, English architect (d. 1996)
• March 25 – Jack Ruby, American killer of Lee Harvey Oswald (d. 1967)
• March 26
  • Bernard Katz, German-born biophysicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2003)
  • Tennessee Williams, American playwright (A Streetcar Named Desire) (d. 1983)
• March 27 – Erich Heller, British philosopher, long resident in the U.S. (d. 1990)
• March 29 – Brigitte Horney, German-born actress (d. 1988)
• March 31
  • Elisabeth Grümmer, Alsatian soprano (d. 1986)
  • Freddie Green, jazz guitarist (d. 1987)
• April 3 – Michael Woodruff, British/Australian pioneering transplant surgeon (d. 2001)
• April 6 – Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen, German biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1979)
• April 8
  • Melvin Calvin, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1997)
  • Emil Cioran, Romanian philosopher and essayist (d. 1995)
  • Ichiro Fujiyama, Japanese composer and singer (d. 1993)
• April 11 – Stanislawa Walasiewicz, Polish-born runner (d. 1980)
• April 13 – William Tuttle, American makeup artist (d. 2007)
• April 15 – Muhammad Metwally Al Shaarawy, Egyptian Muslim jurist (d. 1998)
• April 17 – Lester Rodney, American journalist (d. 2009)
• April 18
  • Maurice Goldhaber, Austrian-American physicist (d. 2011)
  • Huntington Hartford, American businessman and heir to A&P (d. 2008)
• April 23 – Ronald Neame, British film cinematographer, producer, screenwriter and director (d. 2010)
• April 26 – Marianne Hoppe, German actress (d. 2002)

May–June

• May 1 – Anthony Salerno, member of the U.S. La Cosa Nostra and a leader in the Genovese Family (d. 1992)
• May 5 – Andor Lilienthal, Hungarian Chess Grandmaster (d. 2010)
• May 6 – Frank Nelson, American actor (d. 1986)
• May 7 – Ishirō Honda, Japanese film director (d. 1993)
• May 8 – Robert Johnson, American guitarist and singer (d. 1938)
• May 10 – Bel Kaufman, German-born American author
• May 11
  • Phil Silvers, American actor and comedian (d. 1985)
  • Doodles Weaver, American actor and comedian (d. 1983)
• May 14 – Ne Win, President of Burma (d. 2002)
• May 15 – Max Frisch, Swiss author (d. 1991)
• May 17
  • Lisa Fonssagrives, Swedish model (d. 1992)
  • Maureen O'Sullivan, Irish actress (d. 1998)
• May 18 – Big Joe Turner, American singer (d. 1985)
• May 20
  • Gardner Fox, American writer (d. 1986)
  • Milt Gabler, American record producer (d. 2001)
• May 22 – Anatol Rapoport, Russian-born American mathematical psychologist (d. 2007)
• May 24
  • Carleen Hutchins, American violin maker (d. 2009)
  • Barbara West, second-to-last living survivor of the Titanic sinking (d. 2007)
• May 26 – Ben Alexander, American actor (d. 1969)
• May 27
  • Hubert H. Humphrey, U.S. Vice President and Senator (d. 1978)
  • Teddy Kollek, Austrian-born mayor of Jerusalem (d. 2007)
  • Vincent Price, American actor (d. 1993)
• May 28 – Fritz Hochwälder, Austrian author (d. 1986)
• May 31 – Maurice Allais, French economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2010)
• June 3 – Ellen Corby, American actress (d. 1999)
• June 11 – George Webb, British actor (d. 1998)
• June 12 – Milovan Đilas, Yugoslavian Marxist (d. 1995)
• June 13
  • Prince Aly Khan, Imam of Ismaili Shi'a Islam (d. 1960)
  • Luis Alvarez, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1988)
• June 15 – W.V. Awdry, English children's writer (d. 1997)
• June 20 – Paul Pietsch, German racer and magazine magnate
• June 21 – Wonderful Smith, African-American comedian (d. 2008)
• June 24
  • Ernesto Sabato, Argentine writer (d. 2011)
  • Juan Manuel Fangio, Argentine race car driver (d. 1995)
• June 25 – William Howard Stein, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1980)
• June 26 – Babe Didrikson Zaharias, American athlete and golfer (d. 1956)
• June 29
  • Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (d. 2004)
  • Bernard Herrmann, American composer (d. 1975)
• June 30 – Czesław Miłosz, Polish-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2004)

July–August

• July 1 – Sergei Sokolov, Marshal of the Soviet Union
• July 4
  • Mitch Miller, American singer and television personality (d. 2010)
  • Frederick Seitz, American scientist (d. 2008)
• July 5 – Georges Pompidou, President of France (d. 1974)
• July 6 – LaVerne Andrews, member of the 1940s Big Band/Swing group The Andrews Sisters (d. 1967)
• July 7 – Gian-Carlo Menotti, Italian-born American composer (d. 2007)
• July 9
  • John Archibald Wheeler, American physicist (d. 2008)
  • Mervyn Peake, British writer and illustrator (d. 1968)
• July 16
  • Ginger Rogers, American actress (d. 1995)
  • Jerry Burke, American musician (d. 1965)
• July 17 – Ted Anderson, English footballer (d. 1979)
• July 18 – Hume Cronyn, Canadian actor (d. 2003)
• July 21 – Marshall McLuhan, Canadian author (d. 1980)
• July 28 – Ann Doran, American actress (d. 2000)
• July 29 – Ján Cikker, Slovak composer (d. 1989)
• July 31 – George Liberace, American musician (d. 1983)
• August 2 – Rusty Wescoatt, American actor (d. 1987)
• August 3 – Manuel Esperón, Mexican musician and composer (d. 2011)
• August 5 – Robert Taylor, American actor (d. 1969)
• August 6
  • Lucille Ball, American actress (I Love Lucy) (d. 1989)
  • Constance Fecher Heaven (aka Constance Fecher, Constance Heaven, Christina Merlin), British romance writer (d. 1995)
• August 7 – Nicholas Ray, American director (d. 1979)
• August 8 – Rosetta LeNoire, American actress (d. 2002)
• August 9 – William Alfred Fowler, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
• August 10 – A. N. Sherwin-White, English historian of Ancient Rome (d. 1993)
• August 11 – William H. Avery, American politician (d. 2009)
• August 12 – Cantinflas, Mexican actor (d. 1993)
• August 17
  • Mikhail Botvinnik, Russian chess player (d. 1995)
  • Martin Sandberger, German military officer (d. 2010)
• August 18 – Amelia Boynton Robinson, American civil rights activist
• August 23
  • Betty Robinson, American athlete (d. 1999)
  • Birger Ruud, Norwegian athlete (d. 1998)
• August 27 – Kay Walsh, British actress (d. 2005)

September–October

• September 2 – Floyd Council, American musician (d. 1976)
• September 6 – Harry Danning, American baseball player (d. 2004)
• September 7 – Todor Zhivkov, First Secretary of Bulgarian Communist Party 1954-1989, President 1971-1989 (d. 1998)
• September 9 – John Gorton, nineteenth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 2002)
• September 13 – Bill Monroe, American musician (d. 1996)
• September 15 – Joseph Pevney, American director (d. 2008)
• September 19 – William Golding, English writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
• September 20 – Shriram Sharma Acharya, Indian religious leader (d. 1990)
• September 23 – Frank Moss, U.S. Senator from Utah (d. 2003)
• September 24
  • Konstantin Chernenko, President of the Soviet Union and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the USSR from 1984 until his death in 1985 (d. 1985)
  • Ed Kretz, American motorcycle racer (d. 1996)
• September 27 – John Harvey, American actor (d. 1982)
• September 29 – Charles Court, Australian politician (d. 2007)
• October 5
  • Flann O'Brien, Irish humorist (d. 1966)
  • Pierre Dansereau, Canadian ecologist (d. 2011)
• October 9 – Joe Rosenthal, American photographer (d. 2006)
• October 10 – Clare Hollingworth, British journalist
• October 13 – Ashok Kumar, Indian actor (d. 2001)
• October 14 – Le Duc Tho, Vietnamese general and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1990)
• October 15 – James H. Schmitz, German-born American science fiction writer (d. 1981)
• October 26 – Sid Gillman, American football coach (d. 2003)
• October 27 – Leif Erickson, American actor (The High Chaparral) (d. 1986)
• October 30 – Ruth Hussey, American actress (d. 2005)

November–December

• November 1
  • Sidney Wood, American tennis player (d. 2009)
  • Henri Troyat, French writer (d. 2007)
• November 2 – Odysseas Elytis, Greek writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
• November 5 – Roy Rogers, American singer and actor (d. 1998)
• November 12 – Chad Varah, British priest and humanitarian (d. 2007)
• November 13 – Buck O'Neil, American baseball player and manager (d. 2006)
• November 24 – Erik Bergman, Finnish composer (d. 2006)
• November 25 – Roelof Frankot, Dutch painter (d. 1984)
• November 27
  • David Merrick, American theater producer (d. 2000)
  • Fe del Mundo, Filipino pediatrician and National Scientist (d. 2011)
• November 28 – Václav Renč, Czech poet, dramatist and translator (d. 1973)
• December 3 – Nino Rota, Italian composer (d. 1979)
• December 5 – Władysław Szpilman, Polish pianist and memoirist, whose story is told in the movie The Pianist (d. 2000)
• December 8 – Lee J. Cobb, American actor (d. 1976)
• December 11
  • Val Guest, British film director (d. 2006)
  • Naguib Mahfouz, Egyptian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2006)
  • Qian Xuesen, Chinese scientist (d. 2009)
• December 13
  • Trygve Haavelmo, Norwegian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)
  • Kenneth Patchen, American poet and painter (d. 1972)
• December 18 – Jules Dassin, American director (d. 2008)
• December 20 – Hortense Calisher, American author (d. 2009)
• December 21 – Josh Gibson, African-American baseball player (d. 1947)
• December 23 – Niels Kaj Jerne, English-born immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1994)
• December 25 – Louise Bourgeois, French-born American artist (d. 2010)
• December 26 – Arsenio Lacson, Filipino politician and sportswriter (d. 1962)
• December 27 – Anna Russell, British comedian and singer (d. 2006)
• December 30 – Jeanette Nolan, American actress (d. 1998)

Date unknown

• Yolande Beekman, French-born World War II heroine (d. 1944)
• Jaime Ornelas Camacho, Portuguese politician
• Jorge Negrete, Mexican singer & actor (d. 1953)

Deaths

January–June

• January 17 – Sir Francis Galton, English explorer and biologist (b. 1822)
• February 4 – Piet Cronjé, Boer general (b. 1836)
• February 15 – Theodor Escherich, German-Austrian pediatrician (b. 1857)
• February 21 – Isidre Nonell, Catalonian painter (b. 1873)
• March 1 – Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Dutch chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
• April 10 – Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis, Lithuanian artist and composer (b. 1875)
• April 25 – Emilio Salgari, Italian writer (b. 1862)
• April 29 – Georg, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe (b. 1846)
• May 18 – Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer (b. 1860)
• May 21 – Williamina Fleming, Scottish astronomer (b. 1857)
• May 27 – Thursday October Christian II, Pitcairn Islands leader (b. 1820)
• May 29 – William S. Gilbert, English dramatist (b. 1836)
• June 2 – Axel Olof Freudenthal, philologist and politician (b. 1836)
• June 9 – Carrie Nation, American temperance activist (b. 1846)
• June 25 – Princess Maria Clotilde of Savoy (b. 1843)

July–December

• July 2 – Clement A. Evans, Confederate general (b. 1833)
• July 15 – Louisa Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (b. 1832)
• July 16 – August Harambašić, Croatian writer (b. 1861)
• August 1
  • Edwin Austin Abbey, American painter (b. 1852)
  • Samuel Arza Davenport, American politician (b. 1843)
• August 8 – William P. Frye, U.S. Senator (b. 1830)
• August 12 – Jules Brunet, French military leader (b. 1838)
• September 16 – Edward Whymper, British explorer (b. 1840)
• October 7
  • John Hughlings Jackson, English neurologist (b. 1835)
  • Elmer McCurdy, American Outlaw (b. 1880)
• October 14 – John Marshall Harlan, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1833)
• October 19 – Eugene Ely, pioneer aviator (b. 1886)
• October 24 – Ida Lewis, lighthouse keeper (b. 1842)
• October 29 – Joseph Pulitzer, Hungarian-born newspaper publisher and journalist (b. 1847)
• October 31 – John Joseph Montgomery, American glider pioneer (b. 1858)
• November 9 – Howard Pyle, American artist and fictional writer (b. 1853)
• November 23 – Bernard Tancred, South African cricketer (b. 1865)
• November 26 – Komura Jutarō, Japanese statesman (b. 1855)
• December 10 – Joseph Dalton Hooker, English botanist (b. 1817)
• December 22 – Odilon Lannelongue, French surgeon (b. 1840)
• December 25 – Arthur F. Griffith, American calculating prodigy (b. 1880)

Date unknown

• William George Aston, British consular official (b. 1841)

Nobel Prizes

• Physics – Wilhelm Wien
• Chemistry – Maria Skłodowska-Curie
• Medicine – Allvar Gullstrand
• Literature – Count Maurice (Mooris) Polidore Marie Bernhard Maeterlinck
• Peace – Tobias Michael Carel Asser Alfred Hermann Fried

References

1. ^ First Women's Day celebration took place in 1911, The Times of India, 7 March 2011.
2. ^ van Delft, D., and Kes, P. The discovery of superconductivity. Physics Today (September 2010), 38–43.