1822

Year 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1822

January - June

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* February 9 - The invading Haitian forces led by Jean Pierre Boyer arrive in Santo Domingo, to overthrow the newly founded Republic.
* May 24 - Battle of Pichincha: Simón Bolívar secures the independence of Quito.
* June 14 - Charles Babbage proposes a Difference engine.

July - December

* July 8 - The Chippewas turn over huge tract of land in Ontario to the United Kingdom.
* July 13 - Greek War of Independence: Greeks defeat Ottoman forces at Thermopylae.
* July 26 - José de San Martín arrives in Guayaquil, Ecuador, to meet with Simón Bolívar.
* July 27 - Simón Bolívar and General José de San Martín meet in Guayaquil. Bolívar later annexes Guayaquil (See Guayaquil Conference).
* July 28 - Independence Day in Peru (see History of Peru).
* July 31 - The last public whipping is carried out in Edinburgh.
* August 12 - St David's College (now the University of Wales, Lampeter) is founded by Bishop Thomas Burgess.
* August 22 - The English ship "Orion" lands at Yerba Buena, now named San Francisco, under the command of William A. Richardson.
* September 7 - Brazil declares its independence from Portugal (see Brazilian independence).
* September 16 - George Canning is appointed British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.
* September 22 - Portugal approves its first Constitution.
* October 12 - Peter I of Brazil is declared the constitutional emperor of the Brazilian Empire.
* October-December - Congress of Verona: Russia, Austria and Prussia approve French intervention in Spain.
* November 13 - Greek War of Independence: Nafplion falls to the Greek rebels.
* December 1 - Peter I is crowned as Emperor of Brazil (see The reign of Pedro I, 1822-31).

Undated

* Hieroglyphs are deciphered by Thomas Young and Jean-François Champollion, using the Rosetta Stone.
* Galileo Galilei's "Dialogue" is taken off the "Index Librorum Prohibitorum", the Roman Catholic Church's list of banned books.
* Ashley's Hundred leave from St. Louis, setting off a major increase in fur trade.
* An earthquake in Chile raises the coastal area.
* Coffee is no longer banned in Sweden.
* Britain repeals the death penalty for over 100 crimes (see Capital punishment in the United Kingdom).
* The first group of freed slaves from the USA arrive in modern-day Liberia and found Monrovia (see History of Liberia).
* The Graham Cracker is developed in Bound Brook, New Jersey by Presbyterian minister the Sylvester Graham.
* Gist Masion is built in Wellsburg, West Virginia (used some 100 years later for the Brooke Hills Spooktacular.

Births

* January 2 - Rudolf Clausius, German physicist (d. 1888)
* January 6 - Heinrich Schliemann, German archaeologist (d. 1890)
* January 28 - Alexander Mackenzie, second Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1892)
* February 4 - Edward Fitzgerald Beale, American Navy Lieutenant and explorer
* February 16 - Sir Francis Galton, English explorer and biologist (d. 1911)
* March 4 - Jules Antoine Lissajous, French mathematician (d. 1880)
* April 3 - Edward Everett Hale, American writer (d. 1909)
* April 27 - Ulysses S. Grant, 18th President of the United States (d. 1885)
* May 20 - Frédéric Passy, French economist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1912)
* May 26 - Edmond de Goncourt, French writer (d. 1896)
* June 10 - John Jacob Astor III, American businessman (d. 1890)
* July 18 - Princess Augusta of Cambridge (d. 1916)
* July 20 - Gregor Mendel, Czech geneticist (d. 1884)
* October 4 - Rutherford B. Hayes, 19th President of the United States (d. 1893)
* December 10 - César Franck, Belgian composer and organist (d. 1890)
* December 24 - Matthew Arnold, English poet (d. 1888)
* December 27 - Louis Pasteur, French microbiologist and chemist (d. 1895)

Deaths

*January 10 - Bathilde d'Orléans, French princess (b. 1750)
*January 24 - Ali Pasha, ruler of European Turkey (b. 1741)
*February 10 - Prince Albert of Saxony, Duke of Teschen (b. 1738)
*February 24 - Thomas Coutts, banker (b. 1735)
*February 27 - Sir John Borlase Warren, 1st Baronet, admiral (b. 1753)
*April 20 - Allegra Byron, illegitimate daughter of Lord Byron (b. 1817)
*May 27 - Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (b. 1772)
*June 25 - E. T. A. Hoffmann, German Romantic author (b. 1776)
* July 8 - Percy Bysshe Shelley, English poet (b. 1792)
* August 12 - Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh, British foreign secretary (suicide) (b. 1769)
* August 25 - William Herschel, German-born astronomer (b. 1738)
*October 26 - Mahmud Dramali Pasha, Ottoman vizier (b. c. 1780)
*October 31 - Jared Ingersoll, U.S. presidential candidate (b. 1749)