1835

Year 1835 (MDCCCXXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

Events of 1835

January - June

* January 7 - The "HMS Beagle" anchors off the Chonos Archipelago, on the voyage of 1831-1836 with Charles Darwin.
* January 30 - An assassination is attempted against President Andrew Jackson in the United States Capitol (the first assassination attempt against a President of the United States).
* February 20 - Concepción, Chile is destroyed by an earthquake.
* March 2 - Ferdinand becomes Emperor of Austria.
*March 23 — The Mexican Academy of Language is established.
* April 18 - Lord Melbourne succeeds Sir Robert Peel as British Prime Minister.
* May 5 - In Belgium a railway is opened between Brussels and Mechelen. It is the first railway in continental Europe (see Rail transport in Belgium).
* May 23 - The Mexican State of Aguascalientes is formed by decree of President Santa Anna.
* June 8 - The Australian city of Melbourne is founded by John Batman and John Pascoe Fawkner [http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/info.cfm?top=52&pg=703] .

July - December

* August 25 - In the U.S., the "New York Sun" prints issue 1 of 6 for the Great Moon Hoax.
* September 7 - Charles Darwin arrives at the Galapagos Islands aboard the "HMS Beagle".
* September 20 - Farroupilha's Revolution begins in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
* October 2 - Texas Revolution - Battle of Gonzales: Mexican soldiers attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, Texas but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.
* October 3 - Staedtler Company was founded by J.S. Staedtler in Nuremburg, Germany.
* November 16 - Comet Halley reaches perihelion, its closest approach to the sun.
* November 19 - A force of 500 Māori invade and enslave the peoples of the Chatham Islands.
* December 1 - Hans Christian Andersen publishes his first book of fairy tales.
* December 7 - The first German railway opens between Nürnberg and Fürth, named "der Adler" (The Eagle) (see History of rail transport in Germany).
* December 9 - The Army of the Republic of Texas captures San Antonio.
* December 16-17 - The Great Fire of New York destroys 530 buildings, including the New York Stock Exchange.
* December 20 - The Texas Declaration of Independence is first signed at Goliad, Texas.
* December 28 - USA: The Second Seminole War breaks out.
* December 29 - The Treaty of New Echota is signed between the United States Government and members of the Cherokee Tribe.

Undated

* The "British Geological Survey" is founded as the world's first national geological survey.
* "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium", Copernicus' book on the motion of the Earth, is removed from the Index of Prohibited Books.
* Civil war erupts in Uruguay between supporters of Blanco and Colorado parties.
* "Cachar Levy", forerunner of Assam Rifles, is founded in India.
* The first Bulgarian-language school opens in the Ottoman Empire.
* The French word for their language changes to "français", from "françois".
* Fort Cass is established, the military headquarters and site of the largest internment camps during the 1838 Trail of Tears.
* Charles-Louis Havas creates Havas, the first French news agency (which later spawns Agence France-Presse).
* English becomes the official language of India.
* Juan Manuel de Rosas becomes Caudillo of Argentina.

Births

January - June

* February 13 - Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, Founder of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community (d. 1908)
* February 15 - Demetrius Vikelas, Greek International Olympic Committee president (d. 1908)
* February 18 - César Cui, Lithuanian composer (d. 1918)
* March 4 - John Hughlings Jackson, English neurologist (d. 1911)
* March 14 - Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer (d. 1910)
* March 15 - Eduard Strauss, Austrian composer (d. 1916)
* March 24 - Jožef Stefan, Slovenian physicist, mathematician, and poet (d. 1893)
* April 9 - King Léopold II of Belgium (d. 1909)
* May 3 - Alfred Austin, English poet (d. 1913)
* May 21 - František Chvostek, Moravian physician (d. 1884)
* June 2 - Pope Pius X (d. 1914)

July - December

* July 7 - Ernest Giles, Australian explorer (d. 1897)
* July 10 - Henryk Wieniawski, Polish composer (d. 1880)
* July 27 - Giosuè Carducci, Italian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1907)
* August 2 - Elisha Gray, American inventor and businessman (d. 1901)
* October 7 - Felix Draeseke, German composer (d. 1913)
* October 9 - Camille Saint-Saëns, French composer (d. 1921)
* October 23 - Adlai E. Stevenson, Vice President of the United States (d. 1914)
* October 31 - Adolf von Baeyer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1917)
* November 17 - Andrew L. Harris, American Civil War hero and Governor of Ohio (d. 1915)
* November 19 - Rani Lakshmi Bai, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1858)
* November 21 - Hetty Green, American businesswoman (d. 1916)
* November 25 - Andrew Carnegie, American industrialist and philanthropist (d. 1919)
* November 29 - Empress Dowager Cixi of China (d. 1908)
* November 30 - Mark Twain, American author and humorist (d. 1910)
* December 4 - Samuel Butler, English writer (d. 1902)
* December 18 - Lyman Abbott, American clergyman and author (d. 1922)

Deaths

* February 8 - Guillaume Dupuytren, anatomist and military surgeon (b. 1777)
* February 15 - Henry Hunt, British politician (b. 1773)
* March 2 - Emperor Francis I of Austria (b. 1768)
* March 18 - Christian Gunther von Bernstorff, Danish and Prussian statesman and diplomat (b. 1769)
* April 1 - Józef Zeydlitz, Polish military leader (b. 1755)
* April 8 - Wilhelm von Humboldt, German linguist and philosopher (b. 1767)
* April 10 - Saint Magdalen of Canossa (b. 1774)
* April 21 - Samuel Slater, American industrialist (b. 1768)
* May 13 - John Nash, English architect (b. 1752)
* June 18 - William Cobbett, English journalist and author (b. 1763)
* July 6 - John Marshall, influential American Chief Justice (b. 1755)
* July 28 - Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier, French marshal (b. 1768)
* September 23
** Vincenzo Bellini, Italian composer (b. 1801)
** Georg Adlersparre, Swedish military leader (b. 1760)
* November 29 - Princess Catharina of Württemberg, wife of Jerome Bonaparte (b. 1783)
* December 13 - John Storm, American Revolutionary soldier (b. 1760)
* December 17 - Pierre Louis Roederer, French politician, economist, and historian (b. 1754)