April 22

Events

*1500 - Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil.
*1509 - Henry VIII accedes to the throne of England after the death of his father.
*1529 - Treaty of Saragossa divides the eastern hemisphere between Spain and Portugal along a line 297.5 leagues or 17° east of the Moluccas.
*1836 - Texas Revolution: A day after the Battle of San Jacinto forces under Texas General Sam Houston capture Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna.
*1863 - American Civil War: Grierson's Raid begins – troops under Union Colonel Benjamin Grierson attack central Mississippi.
*1864 - The U.S. Congress passes the Coinage Act which mandates that the inscription "In God We Trust" be placed on all coins minted as United States currency.
*1889 - At high noon, thousands rush to claim land in the Land Run of 1889. Within hours the cities of Oklahoma City and Guthrie are formed with populations of at least 10,000.
*1898 - Spanish-American War: The United States Navy begins a blockade of Cuban ports and the USS "Nashville" captures a Spanish merchant ship.
*1912 - "Pravda," the "voice" of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, begins publication in Saint Petersburg.
*1915 - The use of poison gas in World War I escalates when chlorine gas is released as a chemical weapon in the Second Battle of Ypres.
*1930 - The United Kingdom, Japan and the United States sign the London Naval Treaty regulating submarine warfare and limiting shipbuilding.
*1944 - World War II: Operation Persecution initiated – Allied forces land in the Hollandia (currently known as Jayapura) area of New Guinea.
*1945 - World War II: Prisoners at the Jasenovac concentration camp revolt. 520 are killed and 80 escape.
* 1945 - World War II: Fuehrerbunker: After learning that Soviet forces have taken Eberswalde without a fight, Adolf Hitler admits defeat in his underground bunker and states that suicide is his only recourse.
*1954 - Red Scare: Army-McCarthy Hearings begin.
*1964 - The 1964-1965 New York World's Fair opens for its first season.
*1970 - First Earth Day celebrated.
*1972 - Vietnam War: Increased American bombing in Vietnam prompts antiwar protests in New York City, San Francisco, and Los Angeles.
*1983 - The German magazine, "Der Stern" claims that Adolf Hitler's diaries were found in wreckage in East Germany.
*1992 - In an explosion in Guadalajara, Mexico, 206 people are killed, nearly 500 injured and 15,000 left homeless.
*1993 - The Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, DC is dedicated.
* 1993 - The web browser Mosaic version 1.0 is released.
*1997 - Haouch Khemisti massacre in Algeria - 93 villagers killed.
* 1997 - The Japanese embassy hostage crisis ends in Lima, Peru.
*1998 - Disney's Animal Kingdom opens at Walt Disney World near Orlando, Florida, United States.
*2000 - In a pre-dawn raid, federal agents seize six-year-old Elián González from his relatives' home in Miami, Florida.
* 2000 - The Big Number Change takes place in the United Kingdom.
*2004 - Two fuel trains collide in Ryongchon, North Korea, killing up to 150 people.
*2006 - 243 people are injured in pro-democracy protest in Nepal after Nepali security forces open fire on protesters against King Gyanendra.
* 2006 - Four Canadian soldiers are killed 75 kilometers north of Kandahar, Afghanistan by a roadside bomb planted by Taliban militants, the worst single day combat loss for the Canadian army since the Korean War.

Births

*1451 - Queen Isabella of Castile and Leon (d. 1504)
*1610 - Pope Alexander VIII (d. 1691)
*1658 - Giuseppe Torelli, Italian composer (d. 1709)
*1690 - John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville, English statesman (d. 1763)
*1692 - James Stirling, Scottish mathematician (d. 1770)
*1707 - Henry Fielding, English author (d. 1754)
*1711 - Eleazar Wheelock, American founder of Dartmouth College (d. 1779)
*1724 - Immanuel Kant, German philosopher (d. 1804)
*1744 - James Sullivan, 7th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1808)
*1766 - Madame de Staël, French author (d. 1817)
*1812 - Solomon Caesar Malan, British orientalist (d. 1894)
*1816 - Charles Denis Bourbaki, French general
*1832 - Julius Sterling Morton, Arbor Day founder (d. 1902
*1840 - Odilon Redon, French painter (d. 1916)
*1844 - Lewis Thornton Powell, would-be assassin of Secretary of State William H. Seward (d. 1865)
*1852 - Guillaume IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (d. 1912)
*1854 - Henri La Fontaine, Belgian lawyer, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1943)
*1860 - Ada Rehan, American stage actress (d. 1916)
*1868 - Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria (d. 1924)
*1870 - Vladimir Lenin, Russian revolutionary (d. 1924)
*1872 - Princess Margaret of Prussia, queen of Finland (d. 1954)
*1873 - Ellen Glasgow, American author (d. 1945)
*1876 - Robert Bárány, American physician, Nobel laureate (d. 1936)
* 1876 - Georg Lurich, Estonian wrestler (d. 1920)
*1881 - Alexander Kerensky, Russian politician (d. 1970)
*1884 - Otto Rank, Austrian psychologist (d. 1939)
*1889 - Richard Glücks, German SS officer and concentration camp administrator (d. 1945, by suicide)
*1891 - Harold Jeffreys, English astronomer (d. 1989)
* 1891 - Nicola Sacco, American anarchist (d. 1927)
* 1891 - Vittorio Jano, Italian engineer (d. 1965)
*1892 - Vernon Johns, American civil rights activist (d. 1965)
*1899 - Vladimir Nabokov, Russian writer (d. 1977)
*1904 - Robert Oppenheimer, American physicist (d. 1967)
*1905 - Robert Choquette, French Canadian novelist, poet and diplomat (d. 1991)
*1906 - Eddie Albert, American actor (d. 2005)
* 1906 - Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten, second in line to the Swedish throne (d. 1946)
*1907 - Ivan Efremov, Russian paleontologist and author (d. 1972)
*1909 - Rita Levi-Montalcini, Italian neurologist, Nobel laureate
* 1909 - Indro Montanelli, Italian journalist and historian (d. 2001)
*1910 - Norman Steenrod, American mathematician (d. 1971)
*1912 - Kathleen Ferrier, British singer (d. 1953)
*1914 - Jan de Hartog, Dutch writer (d. 2002)
* 1914 - Michael Wittman, German soldier and tank ace (d. 1944)
*1916 - Yehudi Menuhin, American-born violinist (d. 1999)
*1918 - Mickey Vernon, American baseball player (d. 2008)
*1919 - Donald J. Cram, American chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 2001)
*1922 - Charles Mingus, American musician (d. 1979)
* 1922 - Wolf V. Vishniac, American microbiologist (d. 1973)
*1923 - Avis Bunnage, English actress (d. 1990)
* 1923 - Bettie Page, American model
* 1923 - Aaron Spelling, American television producer (d. 2006)
*1925 - George Cole, English actor
*1926 - Charlotte Rae, American actress
* 1926 - James Stirling, British architect (d. 1992)
*1927 - Laurel Aitken, Jamaican singer (d. 2005)
*1935 - Paul Chambers, American jazz bassist (d. 1969)
*1936 - Glen Campbell, American musician
* 1936 - Pierre Hétu, French Canadian conductor and pianist (d. 1998)
*1937 - Jack Nicholson, American actor
* 1937 - Jack Nitzsche, American composer (d. 2000)
*1938 - Adam Raphael, English journalist and author
*1939 - Mel Carter, American singer
* 1939 - Jason Miller, American playwright (d. 2001)
*1939 - Theodor Waigel, German politician and finance minister
*1943 - Louise Glück, American poet and 12th US Poet Laureate
*1944 - Steve Fossett, American adventurer (d. 2007)
*1946 - John Waters, American film writer
* 1946 - Louise Harel, Quebec politician
* 1946 - Nicole Garcia, French actress and director
*1946 - Steven L. Bennett, USAF Congressional Medal of Honor Recipient (d. 1972)
*1950 - Peter Frampton, English musician
* 1950 - Zygi Wilf, owner of the Minnesota Vikings
*1951 - Paul Carrack, English musician
* 1951 - Ana María Shua, Argentine poet
*1952 - Marilyn Chambers, American pornographic actress
* 1952 - François Berléand, French actor
*1953 - Juhani Komulainen, Finnish composer
*1955 - Johnnie To, Hong Kong film director and producer
*1957 - Donald Tusk, Polish Prime Minister
*1958 - Ken Olandt, American actor
*1959 - Catherine Mary Stewart, Canadian actress
* 1959 - Ryan Stiles, Canadian-born actor
*1960 - Mart Laar, Estonian statesman
*1960 - Gary Rhodes, English chef
* 1960 - Randall L. Stephenson, American business executive
*1962 - Jeff Minter, English video game programmer
*1965 - Lauri Hendler, actress
* 1965 - Peter Zezel, Canadian ice hockey player
*1966 - Mariana Levy, Mexican actress (d. 2005)
* 1966 - Jeffrey Dean Morgan, American actor
*1967 - Sheryl Lee, American actress
* 1967 - Sherri Shepherd, American comedian and actress
* 1967 - Harvey Williams, American football player
*1968 - Zarley Zalapski, Canadian ice hockey player
*1969 - Dion Dublin, English footballer
*1970 - Andrea Giani, Italian volleyball player
* 1970 - Regine Velasquez, Filipino singer and actress
*1971 - Daisuke Enomoto, Japanese people space tourist
* 1971 - Eric Mabius, American actor
*1972 - Sabine Appelmans, Belgian tennis player
* 1972 - Owen Finegan, Australian rugby union footballer
*1973 - Adem Poric, Australian former footballer
* 1973 - Ofer Talker, Israeli footballer
*1974 - Diego Costa, Brazilian singer-songwriter
* 1974 - Shavo Odadjian, Armenian-born bassist (System of a Down)
*1975 - Greg Moore, Canadian race car driver (d. 1999)
* 1975 - Carlos Sastre, Spanish cyclist
*1976 - Michał Żewłakow, Polish footballer
* 1976 - Paul Henderson, Australian soccer player
* 1976 - Dan Cloutier, Canadian ice hockey player
*1977 - Mark van Bommel, Dutch footballer
* 1977 - Aaron Fink, American guitarist (Breaking Benjamin)
*1978 - Jason Stollsteimer, American singer (The Von Bondies)
* 1978 - Esteban Tuero, Argentinian race car driver
*1979 - Daniel Johns, Australian musician (Silverchair)
* 1979 - Zoltan Gera, Hungarian footballer
*1980 - Nicolas Douchez, French footballer
* 1980 - Courtney Friel, presenter of World Poker Tour
* 1980 - Carlos Hernández, Venezuelan baseball player
* 1980 - Aaron Michael Metchik, American actor
*1981 - Ken Dorsey, American football player
*1982 - Kaká, Brazilian footballer
* 1982 - Tim Hamilton, Slovak adult movie actor
*1983 - Matt Jones, American football player
*1984 - Michelle Ryan, English actress
* 1984 - Amelle Berrabah, British singer (Sugababes)
*1986 - Dusan Sakota, Serbian-Greek basketball player
* 1986 - Amber Heard, American actress
* 1986 - Marshawn Lynch, American Football player

Deaths

* 296 - Pope Caius
* 455 - Petronius Maximus, Roman Emperor
* 536 - Pope Agapetus I
*1592 - Bartolomeo Ammanati, Italian architect (b. 1511)
*1616 - Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish writer (b. 1547)
*1672 - Georg Stiernhielm, Swedish poet (b. 1598)
*1699 - Hans Erasmus Aßmann, Freiherr von Abschatz, German statesman (b. 1646)
*1758 - Antoine de Jussieu, French naturalist (b. 1686)
*1778 - James Hargreaves, English inventor (b. 1720)
*1806 - Pierre-Charles Villeneuve, French admiral (stabbed) (b. 1763)
*1833 - Richard Trevithick, English inventor (b. 1771)
*1839 - Denis Davydov, Russian general and poet (b. 1784)
*1854 - Nicolás Bravo, Mexican politician and soldier (b. 1786)
*1877 - James P. Kirkwood, American civil engineer (b. 1807)
*1892 - Edouard Lalo, French composer (b. 1823)
*1893 - Chaim Aronson, inventor and academic (b. 1825)
*1896 - Thomas Meik, British civil engineer (b. 1812)
*1908 - Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1836)
*1925 - André Caplet, French composer (b. 1878)
*1929 - Henry Lerolle, French painter (b. 1848)
*1930 - Jeppe Aakjaer, Danish poet (b. 1866)
*1933 - Henry Royce, British automobile manufacturer (b. 1863)
*1945 - Käthe Kollwitz, German artist (b. 1867)
* 1945 - Wilhelm Cauer, German mathematician (b. 1900)
*1946 - Harlan F. Stone, Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court (b. 1872)
* 1946 - Lionel Atwill, English Actor (b. 1885)
*1951 - Horace Donisthorpe, British entomologist (b. 1870)
*1968 - Stephen H. Sholes, American recording executive (b. 1911)
*1978 - Will Geer, American actor (b. 1902)
*1980 - Jane Froman, American actress (b. 1907)
* 1980 - Fritz Strassmann, German physicist (b. 1902)
*1983 - Earl "Fatha" Hines, American jazz pianist (b. 1903)
* 1983 - John Louis Evans, convicted murderer (executed) (b. 1950)
*1984 - Ansel Adams, American photographer (b. 1902)
*1985 - Paul H. Emmett, American chemical engineer (b. 1900)
* 1985 - Jacques Ferron, French Canadian physician, author and politician (b. 1921)
*1986 - Mircea Eliade, Romanian writer (b. 1907)
*1988 - Irene Rich, American actress (b. 1891)
*1990 - Albert Salmi, American actor (b. 1928)
*1994 - Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United States (b. 1913)
*1995 - Maggie Kuhn, American activist (b. 1905)
*1996 - Erma Bombeck, American humorist (b. 1927)
* 1996 - Harold "Jug" McSpaden, American professional golfer (b. 1908)
*1998 - Kitch Christie, South African rugby coach (b. 1940)
*1999 - Apostolos Nikolaidis, Greek singer (b. 1938)
* 1999 - Chan Canasta, magician and mindreader (b. 1920)
*2002 - Linda Lovelace, American adult actress (b. 1949)
*2003 - Martha Griffiths, U.S. Congresswoman (b. 1912)
* 2003 - Michael Larrabee, American athlete (b. 1933)
* 2003 - Felice Bryant, American songwriter (b. 1925)
*2004 - Pat Tillman, American football player and U.S. Army Ranger (killed in action) (b. 1976)
* 2004 - Jason L. Dunham, American Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1981)
*2005 - Norman Bird, UK character actor (b. 1920)
* 2005 - Robert Farnon, Canadian-born composer and conductor (b. 1917)
* 2005 - Erika Fuchs, German translator (b. 1906)
* 2005 - Philip Morrison, American physicist (b. 1915)
*2006 - Alida Valli, Italian actress (b. 1921)
*2007 - Juanita Millender-McDonald, congresswoman from southern California (b. 1938)
*2008 - Ed Chynoweth, Canadian ice hockey executive (b. 1941)

Holidays and observances

*Earth Day
*Brazil - Discovery Day
*Abel McAedh
*Acepsimas of Hnaita and companions
*April 22 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

External links

* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/22 BBC: On This Day]
*
* [http://www1.sympatico.ca/cgi-bin/on_this_day?mth=Apr&day=22 On This Day in Canada] ----