- 1815
Year 1815 (MDCCCXV) was a
common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of theGregorian calendar (or acommon year starting on Friday of the 12-day slowerJulian calendar ).Events of 1815
January - March
*January 2 -Lord Byron marries Anna Isabella Milbanke inSeaham ,County Durham .
*January 3 - Austria, Britain, and Bourbon-restoredFrance form a secret defensive alliance treaty againstPrussia andRussia .
*January 8 -War of 1812 -Battle of New Orleans : American forces under GeneralAndrew Jackson defeat an invading British force.
*February - TheHartford Convention arrives inWashington DC .
*February 3 - The first commercialcheese factory is founded inSwitzerland .
*February 4 - The first Dutch student association, the Groninger Studenten Corps,Vindicat atque Polit is founded in theNetherlands . The first rector of the senate was B.J. Winters.
*February 6 -New Jersey grants the first Americanrailroad charter to a John Stevens.
*February 26 - Napoleon Bonaparte escapes fromElba .
*March 1 - Napoleon returns to France from his banishment onElba .
*March 15 -Joachim Murat , King of Naples declares war on Austria in an attempt to save his throne, starting theNeapolitan War .
*March 16 - Willem I becomes King of the Netherlands.
*March 20 - Napoleon entersParis after escaping fromElba with a regular army of 140,000 and a volunteer force of around 200,000 beginning his "Hundred Days" rule.April - June
*April 5 -April 12 -Mount Tambora in theDutch East Indies blows its top explosively during an eruption, killing upwards of 92,000 and propelling thousands of tons of aerosols (Sulfide gas compounds) into the upper atmosphere (stratosphere ). The high level gases reflect sunlight and cause the widespread cooling (known as avolcanic winter ) and heavy rains of1816 , causes snows in June and July in the northern hemisphere, widespread crop failures, and subsequently famine, which is why 1816 becomes known as theYear Without a Summer .
*April 23 - TheSecond Serbian Uprising against Ottoman rule takes place inTakovo ,Serbia . By the end of the yearSerbia is acknowledged as a semi-independent state; the ideals of theFirst Serbian Uprising have thus been temporarily achieved.
*May 3 -Battle of Tolentino : Austria defeats theKingdom of Naples , which quickly ends theNeapolitan War .Joachim Murat , the defeated King of Naples, is forced to flee toCorsica and is later executed.
*May 30 - The "Arniston", anEast Indiaman repatriating wounded troops to England fromCeylon , is wrecked nearWaenhuiskrans ,South Africa with the loss of 372 of the 378 people on board.
*June 9 -Congress of Vienna : A newEurope an political situation is set.
*June 16 -Battle of Ligny : Napoleon beats the Prussians.
*June 16 -Battle of Quatre Bras : Marshal Ney gets a marginal win against the British and Allies.
*June 18 -Battle of Waterloo : TheDuke of Wellington decisively defeats Napoleon, ending theNapoleonic wars .
*June 22 - Napoleon abdicates again;Napoleon II (1811-32), age 4, rules for two weeks (June 22 to July 7).July - September
*July 8 - Louis XVIII returns toParis , and is 'restored' as King of France (he had declared himself king on June 8, 1795, at the death of his nephew, 10-year-oldLouis XVII , and had lived in Westphalia, Verona, Russia, and England).
*July 17 - InFrance , Napoleon surrenders at Rochefort to British forces.
*September -Austria ,Prussia andRussia sign aHoly Alliance to uphold the Europeanstatus quo .
*September 23 - TheGreat September Gale of 1815 is the firsthurricane to strike New England in 180 years.October - December
*October 3 - TheChassigny Mars meteorite falls in Chassigny, Haute-Marne, France.
*October 15 -Napoleon I of France begins his exile onSaint Helena in theAtlantic Ocean .
*October 21 -Humphry Davy patents theminer's safety lamp for use incoal mining .Undated
* British missionaries arrive in
New Zealand .
* In Britain, use of thepillory is limited to punishment forperjury .
* The second wave ofAmish immigration to North America begins.
*First-class cricket begins.Ongoing events
*
Napoleonic Wars (1799 -1815)-Seventh Coalition/Hundred Days
*War of 1812 (1812 -1815)
*Congress of Vienna (1814 - 1815)Births
January - June
*January 11th -John A. Macdonald , First Prime Minister of Canada, Father of Confederation (d.1891
*February 15 -Constantin von Tischendorf , German Biblical scholar (d.1874 )
*April 1 -Otto von Bismarck , German statesman (d.1898 )
*April 1 -Edward Clark ,Governor of Texas (d.1880 )
*April 6 -Robert Volkmann , German composer (d.1883 )
*April 24 -Anthony Trollope , British author (d.1882 )
*May 27 -Sir Henry Parkes , Father of Australian Federation (d.1896 )July - December
*August 5 -Edward John Eyre , explorer (d.1901 )
*October 16 -Francis Lubbock ,Governor of Texas (d.1905 )
*October 23 -João Maurício Wanderley , Brazilian magistrate and politician (d.1889 )
*October 31 -Karl Weierstrass , German mathematician (d.1897 )
*November 2 -George Boole , English mathematician and philosopher (d.1864 )
*December 10 - Augusta Ada King (née Byron), Countess of Lovelace, early English computer pioneer (d.1852 )
*November 12 -Elizabeth Cady Stanton , American women's rights activist (d.1902 )
*December 21 -Thomas Couture , French painter (d.1879 ): "See also ."
Deaths
January - June
*January 8 -Edward Pakenham , British general (killed in battle) (b.1778 )
*January 16 -Emma, Lady Hamilton , English mistress ofHoratio Nelson (b.1765 )
*February 24 -Robert Fulton , American inventor (b.1765 )
*February 26 -Prince Josias of Coburg , Austrian general (b.1737 )
*March 4 -Frances Abington , English actress (b.1737 )
*March 5 -Franz Mesmer , German developer of hypnotism (b.1734 )
*April 21 -Joseph Winston , American patriot and Congressman from North Carolina (b.1746 )
*June 1 -Louis Alexandre Berthier , French marshal (b.1753 )
*June 16 - Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Brunswick, German noble and general (killed in battle) (b.1771 )
*June 18 -Thomas Picton , British general (killed in battle) (b.1758 )
*June 18 -Claude-Etienne Michel , French general (killed in battle) (b.1772
*June 18 -Guillaume Philibert Duhesme , French general (killed in battle) (b.1766 )July - December
*August 2 -Guillaume Marie Anne Brune , French marshal (murdered) (b.1763 )
*August 6 -James A. Bayard (elder) , U.S. Senator from Delaware (b.1767 )
*September 9 -John Singleton Copley , American painter (b.1738 )
*September 20 -Nicolas Desmarest , French geologist (b.1725 )
*October 13 -Joachim Murat , French marshal and King of Naples (executed) (b.1767 )
*October 22 -Claude Lecourbe , French general (b.1759 )
*December 3 -John Carroll (priest) , first American Roman Catholic Archbishop (b.1735 )
*December 7 -Michel Ney , French marshal (executed) (b.1769 )
*December 29 -Saartjie Baartman ,sideshow performer: "See also ."
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