December 1

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MMXI

December 1 in recent years

2010 (Wednesday)

2009 (Tuesday)

2008 (Monday)

2007 (Saturday)

2006 (Friday)

2005 (Thursday)

2004 (Wednesday)

2003 (Monday)

2002 (Sunday)

2001 (Saturday)

December 1 is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 30 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 800 – Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican.
• 1420 – Henry V of England enters Paris.
• 1640 – End of the Iberian Union: Portugal acclaims as King João IV of Portugal, ending 60 years of personal union of the crowns of Portugal and Spain and the end of the rule of the House of Habsburg (also called the Philippine Dynasty).
• 1768 – The slave ship Fredensborg sinks off Tromøy in Norway.
• 1822 – Peter I is crowned Emperor of Brazil.
• 1824 – United States presidential election, 1824: Since no candidate received a majority of the total electoral college votes in the election, the United States House of Representatives is given the task of deciding the winner in accordance with the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
• 1826 – French philhellene Charles Nicolas Fabvier forces his way through the Turkish cordon and ascends the Acropolis of Athens, which had been under siege.
• 1834 – Slavery is abolished in the Cape Colony in accordance with the Slavery Abolition Act 1833.
• 1864 – In his State of the Union Address President Abraham Lincoln reaffirms the necessity of ending slavery as ordered ten weeks earlier in the Emancipation Proclamation.
• 1885 – First serving of the soft drink Dr Pepper at a drug store in Waco, Texas (United States).
• 1913 – Buenos Aires, Argentina. The Buenos Aires Subway starts operating, it's the first underground railway system in the southern hemisphere and in Latin America
• 1913 – The Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving assembly line.
• 1913 – Crete, having obtained self rule from Turkey after the First Balkan War, is annexed by Greece.
• 1918 – Transylvania unites with Romania, following the incorporation of Bessarabia (March 27) and Bukovina (November 28), thus concluding the Great Union .
• 1918 – Iceland becomes a sovereign state, yet remains a part of the Danish kingdom.
• 1918 – The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) is proclaimed.
• 1919 – Lady Astor becomes the first female Member of Parliament to take her seat in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom (she had been elected to that position on November 28).
• 1925 – World War I aftermath: The final Locarno Treaty is signed in London, establishing post-war territorial settlements.
• 1934 – In the Soviet Union, Politburo member Sergei Kirov is shot dead by Leonid Nikolayev at the Communist Party headquarters in Leningrad.
• 1941 – World War II: Fiorello La Guardia, Mayor of New York City and Director of the Office of Civilian Defense, signs Administrative Order 9, creating the Civil Air Patrol.
• 1952 – The New York Daily News reports the news of Christine Jorgenson, the first notable case of sexual reassignment surgery.
• 1955 – American Civil Rights Movement: In Montgomery, Alabama, seamstress Rosa Parks refuses to give up her bus seat to a white man and is arrested for violating the city's racial segregation laws, an incident which leads to the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
• 1958 – The Central African Republic becomes independent from France.
• 1958 – The Our Lady of the Angels School fire in Chicago, Illinois, kills 92 children and three nuns.
• 1959 – Cold War: Opening date for signature of the Antarctic Treaty, which sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and bans military activity on the continent.
• 1960 – Paul McCartney and Pete Best are arrested then deported from Hamburg, Germany, after accusations of attempted arson.
• 1963 – Nagaland becomes the 16th state of India.
• 1964 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson and his top-ranking advisers meet to discuss plans to bomb North Vietnam.
• 1964 – Malawi, Malta and Zambia join the United Nations.
• 1965 – The Border Security Force is formed in India as a special force to guard the borders.
• 1969 – Vietnam War: The first draft lottery in the United States is held since World War II.
• 1971 – Cambodian Civil War: Khmer Rouge rebels intensify assaults on Cambodian government positions, forcing their retreat from Kompong Thmar and nearby Ba Ray.
• 1971 – The Indian Army recaptures part of Kashmir occupied forcibly by Pakistan.
• 1973 – Papua New Guinea gains self government from Australia.
• 1974 – TWA Flight 514, a Boeing 727, crashes northwest of Dulles International Airport killing all 92 people on board.
• 1974 – Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 6231, crashes northwest of John F. Kennedy International Airport.
• 1975 – Lambda Theta Phi - The first Latino fraternity is established in New Jersey.
• 1976 – Angola joins the United Nations.
• 1981 – A Yugoslavian Inex Adria Aviopromet DC-9 crashes in Corsica killing all 180 people on board.
• 1981 – The AIDS virus is officially recognized.
• 1988 – Benazir Bhutto is appointed Prime Minister of Pakistan.
• 1989 – 1989 Philippine coup attempt: The right-wing military rebel Reform the Armed Forces Movement attempts to oust Philippine President Corazon Aquino in a failed bloody coup d'état.
• 1989 – Cold War: East Germany's parliament abolishes the constitutional provision granting the communist party the leading role in the state.
• 1990 – Channel Tunnel sections started from the United Kingdom and France meet 40 metres beneath the seabed.
• 1991 – Cold War: Ukrainian voters overwhelmingly approve a referendum for independence from the Soviet Union.
• 2001 – Captain Bill Compton brings Trans World Airlines Flight 220, an MD-83, into St. Louis International Airport bringing to an end 76 years of TWA operations following TWA's purchase by American Airlines.
• 2009 – The Treaty of Lisbon, which amends the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community, which together comprise the constitutional basis of European Union, comes into effect.

Births

• 1081 – Louis VI of France (d. 1137)
• 1083 – Anna Comnena, Byzantine historian (d. 1153)
• 1521 – Takeda Shingen, Japanese warlord (d. 1573)
• 1525 – Tadeáš Hájek, Czech physician and astronomer (d. 1600)
• 1580 – Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer (d. 1637)
• 1690 – Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke, Lord Chancellor of England (d. 1764)
• 1716 – Etienne-Maurice Falconet, French sculptor (d. 1791)
• 1743 – Martin Heinrich Klaproth, German chemist (d. 1817)
• 1761 – Marie Tussaud, French creator of wax sculptures (Madame Tussauds) (d. 1850)
• 1766 – Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, Russian writer (d. 1826)
• 1792 – Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky, Russian mathematician (d. 1856)
• 1844 – Alexandra of Denmark, Danish Queen Consort of Edward VII of the United Kingdom (d. 1925)
• 1847 – Julia Ann Moore, American poet (d. 1920)
• 1869 – Eligiusz Niewiadomski, Polish assassin of Gabriel Narutowicz (d. 1923)
• 1873 – Valery Bryusov, Russian poet (d. 1924)
• 1884 – Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, German painter (d. 1976)
• 1886 – Rex Stout, American author (d. 1975)
• 1895 – Henry Williamson, English author (d. 1977)
• 1896 – Georgy Zhukov, Russian general & Marshal of the Soviet Union (d. 1974)
• 1898 – Stuart Sinclair Garson, Canadian Premier of Manitoba (d. 1977)
• 1901 – Ilona Feher, Hungarian-Jewish violinist (d. 1988)
• 1905 – Alex Wilson, Canadian and Notre Dame athlete (d. 1994)
• 1908 – Georgios Kasassoglou, Greek musician (d. 1984)
• 1910 – Alicia Markova, English ballerina (d. 2004)
• 1911 – Walter Alston, American baseball manager (d. 1984)
• 1911 – Calvin Griffith, Canadian-born baseball executive (d. 1999)
• 1912 – Minoru Yamasaki, American architect (d. 1986)
• 1913 – Mary Martin, American actor and singer (d. 1990)
• 1916 – Wan Li, Chinese government official
• 1917 – Marty Marion, American baseball player and manager
• 1917 – Thomas Hayward, American tenor (d.1995)
• 1922 – Vsevolod Bobrov, Soviet ice hockey player (d. 1979)
• 1922 – Paul Picerni, American actor (d. 2011)
• 1923 – Stansfield Turner, American admiral and 12th Director of Central Intelligence
• 1923 – Morris, Belgian cartoonist (Lucky Luke) (d. 2001)
• 1925 – Martin Rodbell, American scientist, Nobel laureate (d. 1998)
• 1926 – Robert Symonds, American actor (d. 2007)
• 1926 – Colin Tennant, 3rd Baron Glenconner, Scottish noble (d. 2010)
• 1928 – Emily McLaughlin, American actress (d. 1991)
• 1930 – Joachim Hoffmann, German historian (d. 2002)
• 1930 – Matt Monro, English singer (d.1985)
• 1931 – Jimmy Lyons, American musician (d. 1986)
• 1931 – Jim Nesbitt, singer (d. 2007)
• 1933 – Fujiko F. Fujio, Japanese cartoon artist (d. 1996)
• 1933 – Lou Rawls, American singer (d. 2006)
• 1934 – Billy Paul, American singer
• 1935 – Woody Allen, American film director, actor, and comedian
• 1937 – Muriel Costa-Greenspon, American mezzo-soprano (d. 2005)
• 1937 – Chuck Low, American actor
• 1937 – Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, 6th President of Latvia
• 1938 – Sandy Nelson, American drummer
• 1939 – Lee Trevino, American golfer
• 1940 – Richard Pryor, American comic and actor (d. 2005)
• 1942 – John Crowley, American author
• 1944 – Pierre Arditi, French film and stage actor
• 1944 – Eric Bloom, American musician (Blue Öyster Cult)
• 1944 – John Densmore, American drummer (The Doors)
• 1944 – Tahar Ben Jelloun, French writer of Moroccan origin
• 1944 – Daniel Pennac, French writer born in Morocco
• 1944 – Michael W. Hagee, 33rd Commandant of the United States Marine Corps
• 1944 – Peter Cullen, Canadian voice actor
• 1945 – Bette Midler, American actress and singer
• 1946 – Gilbert O'Sullivan, Irish singer
• 1947 – Alain Bashung, French singer (d.2009)
• 1947 – Bob Fulton, English-born Australian rugby league footballer
• 1948 – George Foster, American baseball player
• 1948 – Tom Wright, English bishop and theologian
• 1949 – Pablo Escobar, Colombian drug lord (d. 1993)
• 1949 – Jan Brett, American author illustrator
• 1949 – Sebastián Piñera, Chilean businessman and elect President of Chile in 2010
• 1950 – Keith Thibodeaux, American actor and drummer
• 1951 – Obba Babatundé, American actor
• 1951 – Jaco Pastorius, American bassist (Weather Report; d. 1987)
• 1951 – Treat Williams, American actor
• 1954 – Bob Goen, American television host
• 1954 – Annette Haven, American pornographic actress
• 1955 – Verónica Forqué, Spanish actress
• 1955 – Pat Spillane, Gaelic footballer
• 1955 – Mark Thompson, American disc jockey and actor
• 1956 – Julee Cruise, American singer and actress
• 1957 – Chris Poland, American guitarist (Megadeth)
• 1958 – Javier Aguirre, Mexican footballer and coach
• 1958 – Charlene Tilton, American actress
• 1959 – Billy Childish, English painter, writer and musician
• 1959 – Wally Lewis, Australian rugby league footballer
• 1960 – Carol Alt, American supermodel
• 1960 – Jane Turner, Australian actress/comedian
• 1961 – Jeremy Northam, English actor
• 1961 – Armin Meiwes, German cannibal
• 1962 – Sylvie Daigle, Canadian speed skater
• 1962 – Joe Quesada, American comic book writer
• 1963 – Marco Greco, Brazilian racing driver
• 1963 – Arjuna Ranatunga, Sri Lankan cricketer
• 1963 – Nathalie Lambert, Canadian short track speed skater
• 1964 – Salvatore Schillaci, Italian footballer
• 1966 – Katherine LaNasa, American actress
• 1966 – Larry Walker, Canadian baseball player
• 1967 – Nestor Carbonell, American actor
• 1967 – Reggie Sanders, American baseball player
• 1968 – Justin Chadwick, British actor and director
• 1968 – Anders Holmertz, Swedish swimmer
• 1970 – Jouko Ahola, Finnish strongman
• 1970 – Jonathan Coulton, American musician
• 1970 – Kirk Rueter, American baseball player
• 1970 – Sarah Silverman, American actress and comedian
• 1971 – Melanie Peres, Israeli singer, actress and model
• 1971 – Emily Mortimer, English actress
• 1971 – Stephanie Finochio, American professional wrestler
• 1971 – Mika Pohjola, Finnish jazz pianist and composer
• 1971 – Dolgorsürengiin Serjbüdee, Mongolian professional wrestler
• 1971 – Peter Van de Veire, Belgian radio-presenter
• 1971 – John Schlimm, American author
• 1973 – Jon Theodore, American musician
• 1973 – Steve Gibb, American musician (Black Label Society)
• 1974 – Costinha, Portuguese footballer
• 1974 – Isaiah "Ikey" Owens, American keyboardist (The Mars Volta)
• 1975 – Sophia Skou, Danish swimmer
• 1975 – Matt Fraction, American comic book writer
• 1976 – Laura Ling, American journalist
• 1976 – Matthew Shepard, American openly-gay murder victim (d. 1998)
• 1977 – Brad Delson, American guitarist (Linkin Park)
• 1977 – Jared Fogle, American Subway spokesperson
• 1977 – Lee McKenzie, Scottish television presenter
• 1978 – Mat Kearney, American singer and songwriter
• 1979 – Ryan Malone, American hockey player
• 1979 – Angelique Bates, American actress
• 1980 – Mohammad Kaif, Indian cricketer
• 1980 – Roger Peterson, Aruban-Dutch musician
• 1981 – Luke McPharlin, Australian rules footballer
• 1982 – Christos Melissis, Greek footballer
• 1982 – Lloyd Doyley, English footballer
• 1985 – John Coughlin, American figure skater
• 1985 – Emiliano Viviano, Italian footballer
• 1985 – Janelle Monáe, American musician
• 1986 – DeSean Jackson, American football player
• 1987 – Brett Williams, English footballer
• 1990 – Tomáš Tatar, Slovak ice hockey player
• 1990 – Chanel Iman, American model.
• 2001 – Aiko, Princess Toshi, Japanese royalty

Deaths

• 1135 – Henry I of England
• 1241 – Isabella of England, wife of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1214)
• 1377 – King Magnus II of Sweden (b. 1316)
• 1433 – Emperor Go-Komatsu of Japan (b. 1377)
• 1455 – Lorenzo Ghiberti, Italian artist and metal smith (b. 1378)
• 1521 – Pope Leo X (b. 1475)
• 1530 – Margaret of Austria, Regent of the Netherlands (b. 1480)
• 1580 – Giovanni Morone, Italian cardinal (b. 1509)
• 1581 – Edmund Campion, English Jesuit (b. 1540)
• 1581 – Ralph Sherwin, English Catholic saint (b. 1550)
• 1581 – Alexander Briant, English saint (b. 1556)
• 1602 – Kobayakawa Hideaki, Japanese warlord (b. 1582)
• 1633 – Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain (b. 1566)
• 1660 – Pierre d'Hozier, French historian (b. 1592)
• 1707 – Jeremiah Clarke, English composer (b. 1674)
• 1709 – Abraham a Sancta Clara, Austrian preacher (b. 1644)
• 1723 – Susanna Centlivre, English dramatist and actress (b. 1667)
• 1729 – Giacomo F. Maraldi, French-Italian astronomer (b. 1665)
• 1750 – Johan Gabriel Doppelmayr, German mathematician, astronomer, and cartographer (b. 1671)
• 1755 – Maurice Greene, English composer (b. 1696)
• 1767 – Henry Erskine, 10th Earl of Buchan, British Freemason (b. 1710)
• 1825 – Tsar Alexander I of Russia (b. 1777)
• 1830 – Pope Pius VIII (b. 1761)
• 1865 – Abraham Emanuel Fröhlich, Swiss poet (b. 1796)
• 1866 – George Everest, Welsh surveyor and namesake of Mt. Everest (b. 1790)
• 1884 – William Swainson, British attorney and Attorney General of New Zealand (b. 1809)
• 1916 – Charles de Foucauld, French religious figure (b. 1858)
• 1923 – Virginie Loveling, Belgian writer and poet (b. 1836)
• 1928 – José Eustasio Rivera, Colombian writer (b. 1888)
• 1934 – Sergey Kirov, Russian revolutionary (b. 1886)
• 1943 – Damrong Rajanubhab, Thai prince and historian (b. 1862)
• 1947 – Aleister Crowley, English occultist (b. 1875)
• 1947 – G. H. Hardy, English mathematician (b. 1877)
• 1950 – E. J. Moeran, English composer (b. 1894)
• 1954 – Fred Rose, American songwriter and music publishing executive (b. 1897)
• 1964 – J. B. S. Haldane, Scottish geneticist (b. 1892)
• 1968 – Nicolae Bretan, Transylvania-born Romanian opera singer (b. 1887)
• 1968 – Darío Moreno, Turkish-Jewish singer (b. 1921)
• 1969 – Magic Sam, American blues guitarist and singer (b. 1937)
• 1973 – David Ben-Gurion, Israeli statesman (b. 1886)
• 1975 – Nellie Fox, American baseball player (b. 1927)
• 1975 – Anna Roosevelt Halsted, American daughter of Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt (b. 1906)
• 1984 – Roelof Frankot, Dutch painter (b. 1911)
• 1986 – Lee Dorsey, American R&B singer (b. 1924)
• 1986 – Frank McCarthy, American producer (b. 1912)
• 1987 – James Baldwin, American writer (b. 1924)
• 1987 – Punch Imlach, Canadian ice hockey coach and general manager (b. 1918)
• 1989 – Alvin Ailey, American dancer, choreographer (b. 1931)
• 1991 – George Joseph Stigler, American economist, Bank of Sweden Prize winner (b. 1911)
• 1996 – Peter Bronfman, Canadian businessman (b. 1928)
• 1997 – Stéphane Grappelli, French jazz violinist (b. 1908)
• 1997 – Michel Bélanger, French Canadian businessman and banker (b. 1929)
• 1997 – Endicott Peabody, American politician (b. 1920)
• 1998 – Freddie Young, British cinematographer (b. 1902)
• 2001 – Ellis R Dungan, American-born Indian film director (b. 1909)
• 2002 – Dave McNally, American baseball player (b. 1942)
• 2003 – Clark Kerr, American academic (b. 1911)
• 2003 – Eugenio Monti, Italian bobsledder (b. 1928)
• 2004 – Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands (b. 1911)
• 2005 – Gust Avrakotos, American intelligence case officer (b. 1938)
• 2005 – Mary Hayley Bell, English dramatist, wife of Sir John Mills (b. 1911)
• 2006 – Claude Jade, French actress (b. 1948)
• 2006 – Bruce Trigger, Canadian archaeologist (b. 1937)
• 2007 – Anton Rodgers, British actor (b. 1933)
• 2008 – Mikel Laboa, Basque singer and songwriter (b. 1934)
• 2008 – Joseph B. Wirthlin, American religious figure (b. 1917)
• 2008 – Paul Benedict, American actor (b. 1938)
• 2009 – Gustavo Adolfo Palma, Guatemalan singer (b. 1920)
• 2010 – Hillard Elkins, American theatre and film producer (b. 1929)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Castritian
  • Eligius
  • Edmund Campion
  • Nicholas Ferrar (Episcopal Church (United States))

• Damrong Rajanubhab Day (Thailand)
• Earliest day on which Farmer's Day can fall, while December 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Friday in December. (Ghana)
• Earliest day on which Good Neighborliness Day can fall, while December 7 is the latest; celebrated on the first Sunday in December. (Turkmenistan)
• Freedom and Democracy Day (Chad)
• Great Union Day, celebrates the Union of Transylvania with Romania in 1918. (Romania)
• Military Abolition Day (Costa Rica)
• National Day (Myanmar)
• National Transit Tribute to Rosa Parks Day (American Public Transportation Association)
• Republic Day (Central African Republic)
• Restoration of Independence (Portugal)
• Self-governance Day or Fullveldisdagurinn (Iceland)
• Teacher's Day (Panama)
• World AIDS Day (International)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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