Valery Bryusov

Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov ( _ru. Вале́рий Я́ковлевич Брю́сов) (OldStyleDate|December 13|1873|December 1 – October 9 1924) was a Russian poet, prose writer, dramatist, translator, critic and historian. He was one of the principal members of the Russian Symbolist movement.

Biography

Valery Bryusov was born on OldStyleDate|December 13|1873|December 1 in Moscow, into a merchant's family. His parents had little do with his upbringing, and as a boy Bryusov was largely left to himself. He spent a great deal of time reading "everything that fell into [his] hands," including the works of Charles Darwin and Jules Verne, as well as various materialistic and scientific essays. The future poet received an excellent education, studying in two Moscow gymnasiums between 1885 and 1893.

Bryusov began his literary career in the early 1890s while still a student at Moscow State University with his translations of the poetry of the French Symbolists (Paul Verlaine, Maurice Maeterlinck, and Stéphane Mallarmé) as well at that of Edgar Allan Poe. Bryusov also began to publish his own poems, which were very much influence by the Decadent and Symbolist movements of his contemporary Europe.

At the time, Russian Symbolism was still mainly a set of theories and had few notable practitioners. Therefore, in order to represent Symbolism as a movement of formidable following, Bryusov adopted numerous pen names and published three volumes of his own verse, entitled "Russian Symbolists. An Anthology" (1894-95). Bryusov's mystification proved successful - several young poets were attracted to Symbolism as the latest fashion in Russian letters.

With the appearance of "Tertia Vigilia" in 1900, he came to be revered by other Symbolists as an authority in matters of art. In 1904 he became the editor of the influential literary magazine "Vesy" ("The Balance"), which consolidated his position in the Russian literary world. Bryusov's mature works were notable for their celebration of sensual pleasures as well as their mastery of a wide range of poetic forms, from the acrostic to the carmina figurata.

By the 1910s, Bryusov's poetry had begun to seem cold and strained to many of his contemporaries. As a result, his reputation gradually declined and, with it, his power in the Russian literary world. He was adamantly opposed to the efforts of Georgy Chulkov and Vyacheslav Ivanov to move Symbolism in the direction of Mystical Anarchism.

Though many of his fellow Symbolists fled Russia after the Russian Revolution of 1917, Bryusov remained until his death in 1924. He supported the Bolshevik government and received a position in the cultural ministry of the new Soviet state.

Literature

Prose

Bryusov most famous prose works are the historical novels "The Altar of Victory" (depicting life in Ancient Rome) and "The Fiery Angel" (depicting the psychological climate of 16th century Germany). The latter tells the story of a scholar and his attempts to win the love of a young woman whose spiritual integrity is seriously undermined by her participation in occult practices and her dealings with unclean forces. It served as the basis for Sergei Prokofiev's opera "The Fiery Angel".

Translation

As a translator, Bryusov was the first to render the works of the Belgian poet Emile Verhaeren accessible to Russian readers, and he was one of the major translators of Paul Verlaine's poetry. His most famous translations are of Edgar Allan Poe, Romain Rolland, Maurice Maeterlinck, Victor Hugo, Jean Racine, Ausonius, Molière, Byron, and Oscar Wilde. Bryusov also translated Johann Goethe's Faust and Virgil's Aeneid. During the 1910s, Bryusov was especially interested in translating Armenian poetry.

List of Major Works

* Juvenilia, 1894
* Chefs d’oeuvre, 1895
* Me eum esse, 1897
* Tertia Vigilia, 1900
* Urbi et Orbi, 1903
* Stephanos, 1905
* The Fiery Angel, 1908
* All Melodies, 1909
* The Altar of Victory, 1913
* Rea Silvia, 1916

External links

* [http://gaslight.mtroyal.ab.ca/repsouth.htm Translation of "Republic of the Southern Cross"]
* [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9017840 Britannica article]

References

* Mark Willhardt, Alan Parker. "Briusov, Valerii Iakovlevich" in "Who's Who in Twentieth Century World Poetry", Routledge, 2000, ISBN 0-415-16356-0, p.47