November 8

For the Kris Kristofferson song, see 8th of November.

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MMXI

November 8 in recent years

2011 (Tuesday)

2010 (Monday)

2009 (Sunday)

2008 (Saturday)

2007 (Thursday)

2006 (Wednesday)

2005 (Tuesday)

2004 (Monday)

2003 (Saturday)

2002 (Friday)

November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 53 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 1519 – Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with a great celebration.
• 1520 – Stockholm Bloodbath begins: A successful invasion of Sweden by Danish forces results in the execution of around 100 people.
• 1576 – Eighty Years' War: Pacification of Ghent – The States-General of the Netherlands meet and unite to oppose Spanish occupation.
• 1602 – The Bodleian Library at Oxford University is opened to the public.
• 1605 – Robert Catesby, ringleader of the Gunpowder Plotters, is killed.
• 1620 – The Battle of White Mountain takes place near Prague, ending in a decisive Catholic victory in only two hours.
• 1745 – Charles Edward Stuart invades England with an army of ~5000 that would later participate in the Battle of Culloden.
• 1837 – Mary Lyon founds Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, which later becomes Mount Holyoke College.
• 1861 – American Civil War: The "Trent Affair" – The USS San Jacinto stops the United Kingdom mail ship Trent and arrests two Confederate envoys, sparking a diplomatic crisis between the UK and US.
• 1889 – Montana is admitted as the 41st U.S. state.
• 1892 – The New Orleans general strike begins, uniting black and white American trade unionists in a successful four-day general strike action for the first time.
• 1895 – While experimenting with electricity, Wilhelm Röntgen discovers the X-ray.
• 1901 – Bloody clashes take place in Athens following the translation of the Gospels into demotic Greek.
• 1917 – The People's Commissars give authority to Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, and Joseph Stalin.
• 1923 – Beer Hall Putsch: In Munich, Adolf Hitler leads the Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the German government.
• 1933 – Great Depression: New Deal – US President Franklin D. Roosevelt unveils the Civil Works Administration, an organization designed to create jobs for more than 4 million of the unemployed.
• 1936 – Spanish Civil War: Francoist troops fail in their effort to capture Madrid, but begin the 3-year Siege of Madrid afterwards.
• 1937 – The Nazi exhibition Der ewige Jude ("The Eternal Jew") opens in Munich.
• 1939 – Venlo Incident: Two British agents of SIS are captured by the Germans.
• 1939 – In Munich, Adolf Hitler narrowly escapes the assassination attempt of Georg Elser while celebrating the 16th anniversary of the Beer Hall Putsch.
• 1942 – World War II: Operation Torch – United States and United Kingdom forces land in French North Africa.
• 1942 – World War II: French resistance coup in Algiers, in which 400 civilian French patriots neutralize Vichyist XIXth Army Corps after 15 hours of fighting, and arrest several Vichyst generals, allowing the immediate success of Operation Torch in Algiers.
• 1950 – Korean War: United States Air Force Lt. Russell J. Brown, while piloting an F-80 Shooting Star, shoots down two North Korean MiG-15s in the first jet aircraft-to-jet aircraft dogfight in history.
• 1957 – Operation Grapple X, Round C1: Britain conducts its first successful hydrogen bomb test over Kiritimati in the Pacific.
• 1960 – John F. Kennedy defeats Richard Nixon in one of the closest presidential elections of the twentieth century to become the 35th president of the United States.
• 1965 – The British Indian Ocean Territory is created, consisting of Chagos Archipelago, Aldabra, Farquhar and Des Roches islands.
• 1965 – The Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965 is given Royal Assent, formally abolishing the death penalty in the United Kingdom.
• 1965 – The 173rd Airborne is ambushed by over 1,200 Viet Cong in Operation Hump during the Vietnam War, while the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment fight one of the first set-piece engagements of the war between Australian forces and the Vietcong at the Battle of Gang Toi.
• 1966 – Former Massachusetts Attorney General Edward Brooke becomes the first African American elected to the United States Senate since Reconstruction.
• 1966 – U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs into law an antitrust exemption allowing the National Football League to merge with the upstart American Football League.
• 1968 – The Vienna Convention on Road Traffic is signed to facilitate international road traffic and to increase road safety by standardising the uniform traffic rules among the signatories.
• 1971 – Led Zeppelin releases "Led Zeppelin IV," which becomes the third-best-selling album ever in the US.
• 1973 – The right ear of John Paul Getty III is delivered to a newspaper together with a ransom note, convincing his father to pay 2.9 million USD.
• 1976 – A series of earthquakes spreads panic in the city of Thessaloniki, which is evacuated.
• 1977 – Manolis Andronikos, a Greek archaeologist and professor at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, discovers the tomb of Philip II of Macedon at Vergina.
• 1987 – Remembrance Day Bombing: A Provisional IRA bomb explodes in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland during a ceremony honouring those who had died in wars involving British forces. Twelve people are killed and sixty-three wounded.
• 2002 – Iraq disarmament crisis: UN Security Council Resolution 1441 – The United Nations Security Council unanimously approves a resolution on Iraq, forcing Saddam Hussein to disarm or face "serious consequences".
• 2004 – War in Iraq: More than 10,000 U.S. troops and a small number of Iraqi army units participate in a siege on the insurgent stronghold of Fallujah.
• 2011 – The potentially hazardous asteroid 2005 YU55 passed 0.85 lunar distances from Earth (about 324,600 kilometres or 201,700 miles), the closest known approach by an asteroid of its brightness since 2010 XC₁₅ in 1976.

Births

• 30 – Marcus Cocceius Nerva, Roman Emperor (d. 98)
• 1342 – Julian of Norwich, English saint (d. 1416)
• 1491 – Teofilo Folengo, Italian poet (d. 1544)
• 1622 – King Charles X of Sweden (d. 1660)
• 1656 – Edmond Halley, British astronomer and mathematician (d. 1742)
• 1706 – Johann Ulrich von Cramer, German judge and philosopher (d. 1772)
• 1710 – Sarah Fielding, English writer (d. 1768)
• 1715 – Elisabeth Christine von Braunschweig-Bevern, wife of Frederick II of Prussia (d. 1797)
• 1723 – John Byron, British naval officer (d. 1786)
• 1768 – Princess Augusta Sophia of the United Kingdom, (d. 1840)
• 1777 – Désirée Clary, queen of Sweden (d. 1860)
• 1788 – Mihály Bertalanits Slovene poet and teacher in Kingdom of Hungary (d. 1853)
• 1836 – Milton Bradley, American game manufacturer (d. 1911)
• 1837 – Ilia Chavchavadze, founding father of modern Georgia (d. 1907)
• 1847 – Jean Casimir-Perier, French politician (d. 1907)
• 1847 – Bram Stoker, Irish novelist (d. 1912)
• 1848 – Gottlob Frege, German mathematician and logician (d. 1925)
• 1854 – Johannes Rydberg, Swedish physicist (d. 1919)
• 1866 – Herbert Austin, English automobile pioneer (d. 1941)
• 1868 – Felix Hausdorff, German mathematician (d. 1942)
• 1869 – Zinaida Gippius, Russian woman-poet in exile in France (d. 1945)
• 1883 – Arnold Bax, English composer (d. 1953)
• 1884 – Hermann Rorschach, Swiss psychiatrist (d. 1922)
• 1885 – Hans Cloos, German geologist (d. 1951)
• 1885 – Tomoyuki Yamashita, Japanese general (d. 1946)
• 1885 – Emil Fahrenkamp, German architect (d. 1966)
• 1888 – David Monrad Johansen, Norwegian composer (d. 1974)
• 1893 – Clarence Williams, American pianist and composer (d. 1965)
• 1893 – Prajadhipok, Rama VII, king of Thailand (d. 1941)
• 1895 – Photios Kontoglou, Greek writer, painter and iconographer (d. 1965)
• 1896 – Bucky Harris, baseball player (d. 1977)
• 1897 – Dorothy Day, social activist (d. 1980)
• 1898 – Marie Prevost, Canadian actress (d. 1937)
• 1900 – Margaret Mitchell, American author (d. 1949)
• 1900 – Charlie Paddock, American athlete (d. 1943)
• 1904 – Cedric Belfrage English-born writer (d. 1990)
• 1908 – Martha Gellhorn, American writer (d. 1998)
• 1912 – June Havoc, American actress (d. 2010)
• 1912 – Stylianos Pattakos, Greek army officer and member of the Greek military junta of 1967–1974
• 1918 – Hermann Zapf, German designer
• 1919 – P. L. Deshpande, Indian author (d. 2000)
• 1920 – Esther Rolle, American actress (d. 1998)
• 1920 – Eugênio de Araújo Sales, Brazilian cardinal
• 1922 – Christiaan Barnard, South African heart surgeon (d. 2001)
• 1922 – Ademir Marques de Menezes, Brazilian footballer (d. 1996)
• 1923 – Jack Kilby, American electrical engineer, Nobel laureate (d. 2005)
• 1924 – Johnny Bower, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1924 – Joe Flynn, American actor (d. 1974)
• 1927 – Ken Dodd, English comedian
• 1927 – Lal Krishna Advani, Indian politician
• 1927 – Nguyen Khanh, Prime Minister of South Vietnam
• 1927 – Patti Page, American singer
• 1927 – Chris Connor, American jazz singer (d. 2009)
• 1929 – António Castanheira Neves, Portuguese philosopher
• 1929 – Bobby Bowden, American football coach
• 1931 – Darla Hood, American actress (d. 1979)
• 1931 – Morley Safer, American journalist
• 1932 – Stéphane Audran, French actress
• 1933 – Peter Arundell, British racing driver
• 1935 – Alain Delon, French actor
• 1935 – Stratos Dionysiou, Greek singer (d. 1990)
• 1935 – Alfonso López Trujillo, Colombian Cardinal Bishop (d. 2008)
• 1936 – Virna Lisi, Italian actress
• 1938 – Driss Basri, Moroccan Interior Minister (d. 2007)
• 1942 – Angel Cordero Jr., Puerto Rican jockey
• 1943 – Martin Peters, English footballer
• 1944 – Bonnie Bramlett, American singer (Delaney, Bonnie & Friends)
• 1946 – Guus Hiddink, Dutch football coach
• 1946 – Roy Wood, English songwriter and musician (Electric Light Orchestra, The Move, Wizzard)
• 1947 – Minnie Riperton, American singer (d. 1979)
• 1949 – Bonnie Raitt, American singer
• 1949 – Wayne LaPierre, Executive Vice President of the National Rifle Association.
• 1950 – Mary Hart, American television personality
• 1951 – Alfredo Astiz, Argentine general
• 1951 – Peter Suber, American academic
• 1952 – Albert Bittlmayer, German footballer (d. 1977)
• 1952 – John Denny, American baseball player
• 1952 – Christie Hefner, CEO of Playboy Enterprises
• 1952 – Jan Raas, Dutch cyclist
• 1952 – Jerry Remy, American baseball player, color commentator
• 1952 – Alfre Woodard, American actress
• 1953 – Giorgos Foiros, Greek footballer and football manager
• 1953 – John Musker, American animation director
• 1954 – David Bret, Anglo-French biographer and broadcaster
• 1954 – Michael D. Brown, U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency director
• 1954 – Kazuo Ishiguro, British author
• 1954 – Rickie Lee Jones, American singer
• 1954 – Jeanette McGruder, American musician (P Funk)
• 1954 – Thanasis Pafilis, Greek politician
• 1955 – Patricia Barber, jazz & blues singer, pianist, songwriter
• 1956 – Steven Miller, American record producer
• 1956 – Richard Curtis, British screenwriter
• 1956 – Mari Boine, Norwegian musician who added jazz & rock to the yoiks of the Sami people
• 1957 – Porl Thompson, British musician (The Cure)
• 1957 – Alan Curbishley, English football manager
• 1958 – Don Byron, American clarinetist
• 1958 – Ken Lamberton, American writer, former teacher, and convicted sex offender
• 1959 – Chi Chi LaRue, American pornographic producer
• 1960 – Oleg Menshikov, Russian actor
• 1960 – Michael Nyqvist, Swedish actor
• 1961 – Micky Adams, English football manager
• 1961 – Leif Garrett, American singer
• 1965 – Jeff Blauser, American baseball player
• 1965 – Craig Chester, American actor and screenwriter
• 1966 – Toralf Arndt, German footballer
• 1966 – Gordon Ramsay, British chef and reality television personality
• 1966 – Urmas Välbe, Estonian cross-country skier
• 1967 – Courtney Thorne-Smith, American actress
• 1967 – Kamar de los Reyes, American actor
• 1967 – Henry Rodriguez, Dominican Republic baseball player
• 1968 – Parker Posey, American actress
• 1968 – Keith Jones, Canadian hockey player
• 1968 – Zara Whites, Dutch actress
• 1968 – Sergio Porrini, Italian footballer
• 1968 – Jose Offerman, Dominican baseball player
• 1969 – Roxana Zal, American actress
• 1970 – Tom Anderson, co-founder of Myspace
• 1970 – José Francisco Porras, Costa Rican footballer
• 1970 – Diana King, Jamaican singer
• 1971 – Carlos Atanes, Spanish film director
• 1971 – Aaron Yates (Tech N9NE), American rapper
• 1972 – Gretchen Mol, American actress
• 1974 – Matthew Rhys, Welsh actor
• 1974 – Masashi Kishimoto, Japanese manga author
• 1974 – Seishi Kishimoto, Japanese manga author
• 1974 – Penny Heyns, South African swimmer
• 1975 – Brevin Knight, American basketball player
• 1975 – José Pinto, Spanish footballer
• 1975 – Tara Reid, American actress
• 1976 – Brett Lee, Australian cricketer
• 1976 – Colin Strause, American director
• 1977 – Bucky Covington, American entertainer
• 1977 – Jully Black, Canadian R&B singer
• 1977 – Nick Punto, American baseball player
• 1978 – Ali Karimi, Iranian footballer
• 1978 – Júlio Sérgio Bertagnoli, Brazilian footballer
• 1978 – Tim de Cler, Dutch footballer
• 1978 – Maurice Evans, American basketball player
• 1978 – Shyne (Moses Michael Leviy), Belizean-born rapper
• 1979 – Andrea Benatti, Italian rugby player
• 1979 – Aaron Hughes, Northern Irish footballer
• 1979 – Dania Ramírez, Dominican actress
• 1980 – Ana Vidović, Croatian virtuoso classical guitarist
• 1980 – Luís Fabiano, Brazilian footballer
• 1980 – Holly Walsh, British comedian, comedy writer and TV and radio presenter
• 1980 – Tom Gabel, American punk rock musician (Against Me!)
• 1981 – Joe Cole, English footballer
• 1981 – Azura Skye, American actress
• 1981 – Yann Kermorgant, French footballer
• 1982 – Mika Kallio, Finnish Grand Prix motorcycle racer
• 1982 – Ethan Ruan, Taiwanese model and actor
• 1982 – Lynndie England, former U.S. Army reservist, associated with Abu Ghraib
• 1982 – Sam Sparro, Australian producer, songwriter, performer, former child actor
• 1982 – Ted DiBiase Jr., professional wrestler in WWE
• 1983 – Katharina Molitor, German javelin thrower
• 1983 – Remko Pasveer, Dutch footballer
• 1983 – Chris Rankin, New Zealand actor
• 1983 – Blanka Vlašić, Croatian high jumper
• 1984 – Steven Webb, English actor
• 1985 – Jack Osbourne, English television star
• 1985 – Magda Apanowicz, Canadian actress
• 1986 – Jamie Roberts, Welsh and British & Irish Lions rugby player
• 1987 – Sam Bradford, American football player and winner of the 2008 Heisman Trophy
• 1988 – Jessica Lowndes, Canadian actress
• 1988 – Lucia Slaničková, Slovak heptathlete
• 1994 – Lauren Alaina, American singer and American Idol runner-up
• 2003 – Lady Louise Windsor, British royal

Deaths

• 911 – Louis the Child of the East Franks (b. 893)
• 955 – Pope Agapetus II
• 1115 – Godfrey of Amiens (b. 1066)
• 1171 – Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut (b. 1108)
• 1195 – Conrad of Hohenstaufen
• 1226 – King Louis VIII of France (b. 1187)
• 1246 – Berenguela of Castile, wife of Alfonso IX of Castile (b. 1180)
• 1308 – Duns Scotus, Scottish philosopher
• 1517 – Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, Spanish statesman and cardinal (b. 1436)
• 1527 – Jerome Emser, German theologian (b. 1477)
• 1599 – Francisco Guerrero, Spanish composer (b. 1528)
• 1600 – Natsuka Masaie, Japanese warlord (b. 1562)
• 1605 – Robert Catesby, English conspirator (b. 1573)
• 1658 – Witte Corneliszoon de With, Dutch naval officer (b. 1599)
• 1674 – John Milton, English poet (b. 1608)
• 1719 – Michel Rolle, French mathematician (b. 1652)
• 1817 – Andrea Appiani, Italian painter (b. 1754)
• 1830 – King Francis I of the Two Sicilies (b. 1777)
• 1873 – Breton de los Herreros, Spanish playwright (b. 1796)
• 1887 – Doc Holliday, American gambler and gunfighter (b. 1851)
• 1890 – César Franck, Belgian composer and organist (b. 1822)
• 1895 – Robert Battey, American surgeon (b. 1828)
• 1905 – Victor Borisov-Musatov, Russian painter (b. 1870)
• 1917 – Colin Blythe, English cricketer (b. 1879)
• 1921 – Pavol Országh Hviezdoslav, Slovak poet (b. 1849)
• 1924 – Michele Merlo, American mafia figure (b. 1880)
• 1934 – Carlos Chagas, Brazilian physician (b. 1879)
• 1944 – Walter Nowotny, Austrian-born German fighter pilot (b. 1920)
• 1945 – August von Mackensen, German field marshal (b. 1849)
• 1949 – Cyriel Verschaeve, Flemish clergyman (b. 1874)
• 1953 – Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin, Russian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1870)
• 1953 – John van Melle, South African author (b. 1887)
• 1959 – Frank Sherman Land, American Freemason (b. 1890)
• 1965 – Dorothy Kilgallen, American newspaper columnist (b. 1913)
• 1966 – Bernhard Zondek German-born Israeli gynecologist (b. 1891)
• 1968 – Wendell Corey, American actor (b. 1914)
• 1970 – Huw Thomas Edwards, Welsh trade unionist and politician (b. 1892)
• 1974 – Ivory Joe Hunter, American R&B singer, pianist and songwriter (b. 1914)
• 1977 – Tasos Giannopoulos, Greek actor (b. 1931)
• 1977 – Bucky Harris, American baseball player (b. 1896)
• 1978 – Norman Rockwell, American illustrator (b. 1894)
• 1979 – Yvonne de Gaulle, wife of Charles de Gaulle (b. 1900)
• 1983 – Mordecai Kaplan, Lithuanian-born American rabbi and educator (b. 1881)
• 1983 – James Booker, American jazz singer (b. 1939)
• 1983 – James Hayden, American actor (b. 1953)
• 1985 – Nicolas Frantz, Luxembourgish cyclist (b. 1899)
• 1985 – Jacques Hnizdovsky, Ukrainian-born American painter and book illustrator (b. 1915)
• 1986 – Vyacheslav Molotov, Russian politician (b. 1890)
• 1992 – Larry Levan, American DJ (b. 1954)
• 1993 – Andrey Nikolayevich Tychonoff, Russian mathematician (b. 1906)
• 1994 – Michael O'Donoghue, American writer (b. 1940)
• 1998 – John Hunt, Baron Hunt, British mountaineer (b. 1910)
• 1998 – Jean Marais, French actor (b. 1913)
• 1998 – Rumer Godden, British writer (b. 1907)
• 1999 – Lester Bowie, American jazz trumpet player (b. 1941)
• 1999 – Leon Štukelj, Slovenian gymnast (b. 1898)
• 2001 – Aristidis Moschos, Greek santouri player (b. 1930)
• 2002 – Jon Elia, Pakistani scholar, poet and philosopher (b. 1931)
• 2003 – Bob Grant, English actor (b. 1932)
• 2003 – C. Z. Guest, American socialite (b. 1920)
• 2003 – Guy Speranza, American singer (Riot) (b. 1956)
• 2004 – Peter Mathers, English-born Australian novelist (b. 1931)
• 2005 – David Westheimer, American novelist (b. 1917)
• 2005 – Alekos Alexandrakis, Greek actor (b. 1928)
• 2006 – Basil Poledouris, American film score composer (b. 1945)
• 2006 – Hannspeter Winter, Austrian plasma physicist (b. 1941)
• 2007 – Dulce Saguisag, Filipino politician and former DSWD Secretary (b. 1943)
• 2007 – Chad Varah, English humanitarian (b. 1911)
• 2009 – Vitaly Ginzburg, Russian physicist (b. 1916)
• 2010 – Emilio Eduardo Massera, Argentine naval officer and National Reorganization Process figure (b. 1925)
• 2010 – Jack Levine, American painter (b. 1915)
• 2010 – Quintin Dailey, American basketball player (b. 1961)
• 2010 – Alex Fagan, American law enforcement official (b. 1950)
• 2011 – Heavy D, American hip-hop artist. (b. 1967)
• 2011 – Bil Keane, American cartoonist (b. 1922)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Blessed Elizabeth of the Trinity (Roman Catholic Church)
  • Four Crowned Martyrs
  • Godfrey of Amiens
  • Willehad of Bremen
  • November 8 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
  • The Octave Day of All Saints (Anglicanism)
  • The Founders, Benefactors and Missionaries of the Church in Canada (Anglicanism)

• Earliest day on which Remembrance Sunday can fall, while November 14 is the latest; celebrated on the second Sunday in November. (United Kingdom)
• One of the Mundus patet (Roman Empire)
• Synaxis of the Archangel Michael and the other Bodiless Powers of Heaven (Eastern Orthodox Church)
• World Urbanism Day (International)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

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