July 19

Events

* 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
*1333 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Battle of Halidon Hill - The final battle of the war.
*1544 - Italian War of 1542: The Siege of Boulogne began.
*1545 - The Tudor warship Mary Rose sinks off Portsmouth.
*1553 - Lady Jane Grey is replaced by Mary I of England as Queen of England after having that title for just nine days.
*1588 - Anglo-Spanish War: Battle of Gravelines - The Spanish Armada sighted in the English Channel.
*1692 - Salem Witch Trials: Five women are hanged for witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts.
*1760 - The formal request to found the later city of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico is filed by its founders.
*1799 - A group of Napoleon Bonaparte's soldiers discover what is now known as The Rosetta Stone, enabling the translation of hieroglyphics for the first time.
*1843 - Brunel's steamship the SS Great Britain is launched, becoming the first ocean-going craft with an iron hull or screw propeller and also becoming the largest vessel afloat in the world.
*1848 - Women's rights: The two day Women's Rights Convention opens in Seneca Falls, New York and the "Bloomers" are introduced at the feminist convention.
*1863 - American Civil War: Morgan's Raid - At Buffington Island in Ohio, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's raid into the north is mostly thwarted when a large group of his men are captured while trying to escape across the Ohio River.
*1864 - Third Battle of Nanking, determined battle at last.
*1870 - Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.
*1879 - Doc Holliday kills for the first time after a man shoots up his New Mexico saloon.
*1908 - Dutch football club Feyenoord Rotterdam is founded.
*1912 - A meteorite with an estimated mass of 190 kg explodes over the town of Holbrook in Navajo County, Arizona causing approximately 16,000 pieces of debris to rain down on the town.
*1919 - Following Peace Day celebrations marking the end of World War I, ex-servicemen rioted and burnt down Luton Town Hall.
*1940 - World War II: Twelve men were promoted Generalfeldmarschall by Adolf Hitler, see List of German Field Marshals.
* 1940 - World War II: Battle of Cape Spada - The Royal Navy and the Regia Marina clash; the Italian light cruiser Bartolomeo Colleoni sinks, with 121 casualties.
* 1940 - World War II: Army order 112 forms the Intelligence Corps of the British Army.
*1942 - World War II: Battle of the Atlantic - German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz orders the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States Atlantic coast positions in response to the effective American convoy system.
*1947 - Prime minister of shadow Burma government ,Bogyoke Aung San and 6 of his cabinet and 2 non-cabinet members were assassinated by British , which resulted in the political chaos in the country lasting until now.
*1963 - Joe Walker flies a North American X-15 to a record altitude of 106,010 metres (347,800 feet) on X-15 Flight 90. Exceeding an altitude of 100 km, this flight qualifies as a human spaceflight under international convention.
*1964 - Vietnam War: At a rally in Saigon, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Khanh calls for expanding the war into North Vietnam.
*1976 - Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is created.
*1979 - The Sandinista rebels overthrow the U.S.-backed government of the Somoza family in Nicaragua.
*1983 - The first three-dimensional reconstruction of a human head in a CT is published.
*1985 - The Val di Stava Dam collapse killing 268 people in Val di Stava, Italy.
*1989 - United Airlines flight 232 crashes in Sioux City, Iowa killing 112 of the 296 passengers.

Births

*1670 - Richard Leveridge, English bass and composer (d. 1758)
*1688 - Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary to China (d. 1766)
*1744 - Heinrich Christian Boie, German author (d. 1806)
*1759 - Seraphim of Sarov, Russian Orthodox Saint (d. 1833)
*1789 - John Martin, English painter (d. 1854)
*1800 - Juan José Flores, military and first president of Ecuador (d. 1864)
*1814 - Samuel Colt, American firearms inventor (d. 1862)
*1819 - Gottfried Keller, Swiss writer (d. 1890)
*1822 - Augusta of Cambridge, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1916)
*1827 - Mangal Pandey, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1857)
*1834 - Edgar Degas, French painter (d. 1917)
*1849 - Ferdinand Brunetière, French writer and critic (d. 1906)
*1860 - Lizzie Borden, American accused murderer (d. 1927)
*1865 - Charles Horace Mayo, American surgeon and founder of the Mayo Clinic (d. 1939)
*1876 - Joseph Fielding Smith, 10th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1972)
* 1876 - John Gunn, Former England cricketer (d. 1963)
*1877 - Arthur Fielder, English cricketer (d. 1949)
*1883 - Max Fleischer, Austrian animator and film producer (d. 1972)
*1892 - Dick Irvin, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1957)
*1893 - Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian poet (d. 1930)
*1894 - Khawaja Nazimuddin, 2nd Prime Minister of Pakistan (d. 1965)
* 1894 - Aleksandr Yakovlevich Khinchin, Russian mathematician (d. 1959)
*1895 - Xu Beihong, Chinese painter (d. 1953)
*1896 - A. J. Cronin, Scottish writer (d. 1981)
* 1896 - Bob Meusel, American baseball player (d. 1977)
*1898 - Herbert Marcuse, German-born philosopher (d. 1979)
*1904 - Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith, Last Lincoln descendant (d.1985)
*1907 - Isabel Jewell, American actress (d. 1972)
*1912 - Norman Carr, British conservationist (b. 1997)
*1914 - Marius Russo, baseball player (d. 2005)
*1917 - William Scranton, American politician
*1919 - Miltos Sachtouris, Greek poet (d. 2005)
*1921 - Rosalyn Yalow, American physicist, Nobel laureate
*1922 - Harold Camping, American evangelist, founder of Family Radio
* 1922 - George McGovern, American politician
*1923 - William A. Rusher, American columnist
*1924 - Stanley K. Hathaway, American politician (d. 2005)
* 1924 - Pat Hingle, American actor
*1925 - Sue Thompson, American pop and country music singer
*1926 - Helen Gallagher, American actress
*1934 - Francisco Sá Carneiro, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1980)
*1935 - Vasily Livanov, Russian and Soviet film actor
*1937 - George Hamilton IV, American country singer
*1938 - Jayant Narlikar, Indian astrophysicist
* 1938 - Nicholas Bethell, British historian (d. 2007)
* 1938 - Richard Jordan, American actor (d. 1993)
*1941 - Vikki Carr, American singer
* 1941 - Neelie Kroes, Dutch EU Commissioner for Competition
*1946 - Alan Gorrie, Scottish musician (Average White Band)
* 1946 - Ilie Năstase, Romanian tennis player
*1947 - Hans-Jürgen Kreische, East German footballer
* 1947 - Bernie Leadon, American musician (The Eagles)
* 1947 - Brian May, English musician (Queen)
*1948 - Beverly Archer, American actress
* 1948 - Keith Godchaux, American musician (Grateful Dead) (d. 1980)
*1949 - Ivar Kants, Australian actor
*1950 - Per-Kristian Foss, Norwegian Minister of Finance
* 1950 - Freddy Moore, American songwriter
*1951 - Abel Ferrara, American filmmake
* 1951 - Jayson Stark, American sportswriter
*1952 - Allen Collins, American musician (Lynyrd Skynyrd) (d. 1990)
* 1952 - Robert A. Ficano, American politician
* 1952 - John Griesheimer, American politician
*1954 - Srđa Trifković, Serbian-American journalist
*1955 - Roger Binny, Former Indian cricketer
*1956 - Nikki Sudden, English musician (d. 2006)
* 1956 - Yoshiaki Yatsu, Japanese professional wrestler
*1958 - Robert Gibson, American professional wrestler
* 1958 - David Robertson, American symphony orchestra conductor
*1960 - Atom Egoyan, Canadian filmmaker
*1961 - Maria Filatova, Soviet gymnast
* 1961 - Hideo Nakata, Japanese film director
* 1961 - Campbell Scott, American actor
* 1961 - Benoît Mariage, Belgian film director
*1962 - Anthony Edwards, American actor
*1963 - Garth Nix, Australian author
*1964 - André A. Jackson, founder African Diamond Producers Association
*1964 - Masahiko Kondo, Japanese singer, actor and racing driver
*1965 - Evelyn Glennie, Scottish percussionist
*1965 - Stuart Scott, American sportscaster
*1966 - Nancy Walls, American actress
* 1966 - David Segui, American baseball player
*1967 - Yael Abecassis, Israeli actress and model
*1968 - Robert Flynn, American musician (Machine Head)
* 1968 - Jim Norton, American comedian and radio personality (The Opie and Anthony Show)
*1969 - Matthew Libatique, American cinematographer
*1971 - Russell Allen, American musician (Symphony X)
* 1971 - Urs Bühler, Swiss tenor (Il Divo)
* 1971 - Michael Modest, American professional wrestler
* 1971 - Vitali Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer
*1972 - Naohito Fujiki, Japanese actor and singer
* 1972 - Ebbe Sand, Danish footballer
*1973 - Martin Powell, English musician (Cradle of Filth)
* 1973 - Saïd Taghmaoui, French actor
* 1973 - Scott Walker, Canadian hockey player
*1974 - Rey Bucanero, Mexican professional wrestler
* 1974 - Preston Wilson, baseball player
*1976 - Vinessa Shaw, American actress
* 1976 - Gonzalo de los Santos, Uruguayan footballer
*1977 - Ed Smith, English cricketer
* 1977 - Tony Mamaluke, American professional wrestler
* 1977 - Haitham Mustafa, Sudanese footballer
* 1977 - Jean-Sébastien Aubin, Canadian ice hockey goaltender
*1978 - Nené, Brazilian footballer
*1979 - Luke Young, English footballer
* 1979 - Rick Ankiel, Baseball pitcher/ outfielder
* 1979 - Dilhara Fernando, Sri Lankan cricketer
*1980 - Giorgio Mondini, Italian racing driver
* 1980 - Xavier Malisse, Belgian tennis player
* 1980 - Mark Webber, American actor
*1981 - Didz Hammond, bassist/backing vocalist (Dirty Pretty Things and The Cooper Temple Clause)
* 1981 - Jimmy Gobble, American baseball player
* 1981 - Anderson Luiz de Carvalho, Brazilian footballer
* 1981 - Nikki Osborne, Australian actress
* 1981 - David Bernard, West Indian cricketer
*1982 - Jared Padalecki, American actor
* 1982 - Stuart Parnaby, English footballer
* 1982 - Jess Vanstrattan, Australian footballer
*1984 - Lasse Gjertsen, Norwegian animator
* 1984 - Alessandra De Rossi, Filipino actress
* 1984 - Adam Morrison, American basketball player
* 1984 - Lewis Price, Welsh footballer
*1990 - Steven Anthony Lawrence, American actor

Deaths

* 514 - Pope Symmachus, Italian clergy
* 931 - Uda, Emperor of Japan (b. 867)
*1374 - Petrarch, Italian poet (b. 1304)
*1415 - Philippa of Lancaster, wife of John I of Portugal (plague) (b. 1359)
*1543 - Lady Mary Boleyn, mistress of King Henry VIII of England
*1631 - Cesare Cremonini, Italian philosopher (b. 1550)
*1687 - Laura Martinozzi, Duchess of Modena (b. 1637)
*1692 - Sarah Good, Puritan accused of being witch during Salem Witch Trials (b. 1653)
*1742 - William Somervile, English poet (b. 1675)
*1810 - Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Queen of Prussia (b. 1776)
*1814 - Captain Matthew Flinders, English explorer of Australia (b. 1774)
*1838 - Pierre Louis Dulong, French physicist (b. 1785)
*1850 - Margaret Fuller, American writer (b. 1810)
*1857 - Stefano Franscini, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1796)
*1868 - Soji Okita, Japanese samurai (b. 1842 or 1844)
*1896 - Abraham H. Cannon, American Mormon apostle (b. 1859)
*1906 - Ferdinand Brunetière, French writer and critic (b. 1849)
*1913 - Clímaco Calderón, President of Colombia (b. 1852)
*1939 - Rose Hartwick Thorpe, American poet (b. 1850)
*1947 - Aung San, Burmese nationalist (assassinated) (b. 1915)
* 1947 - U Razak, Burmese politician (b. 1898)
*1965 - Syngman Rhee, first President of South Korea (b. 1875)
*1972 - Hezekiah M. Washburn, missionary (b. 1884)
*1974 - Joe Flynn, American actor (b. 1924)
* 1974 - Erno Schwarz, Hungarian American soccer player (b. 1904)
*1975 - Lefty Frizzell, American country music singer and songwriter (b. 1928)
*1980 - Nihat Erim, Prime Minister of Turkey (assassinated) (b. 1912)
*1981 - Roger Doucet, French Canadian tenor (b. 1919)
*1982 - John Harvey, stage and film actor (b. 1911)
*1984 - Faina Ranevskaya, Russian actress (b. 1896)
*1985 - Janusz A. Zajdel, Polish writer (b. 1938)
*1989 - Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish president (b. 1913)
*1990 - Eddie Quillan, American actor (b. 1907)
*1992 - Paolo Borsellino, Italian magistrate, martyr of mafia (b. 1940)
*1998 - Elmer Valo, baseball player (b. 1921)
*2002 - Alan Lomax, American folksong collector (b. 1915)
*2003 - Bill Bright, American evangelist (b. 1921)
* 2003 - Pierre Graber, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1908)
*2004 - Reverend Francis Marzen, American Catholic prelate (b. 1924)
* 2004 - Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1911)
*2005 - John Tyndall, British politician (b. 1934)
* 2005 - Edward Bunker, American writer (b. 1933)
*2006 - Jack Warden, American actor (b. 1920)
*2007 - Roberto Fontanarrosa, Argentine cartoonist (b. 1944)
* 2007 - A. K. Faezul Huq, Lawyer, politician, and freelance journalist (b. 1945)
*2008 - Dercy Gonçalves, Brazilian comedienne (b. 1907)
*2008 - Anastasia Blue, American porn actress (b. 1980)

Holidays and observances

*Burma - Burmese Martyrs' Day.
*Saint Arsenius in the Roman Catholic Church
*Bernold, Bishop of Utrecht
*Saint Symmachus, pope
*Saint Kirdjun, converted thief and martyr
*Saint Macrina, Sister of St. Basil the Great
*Justa and Rufina

External links

* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/19 BBC: On This Day]
*
* [http://www1.sympatico.ca/cgi-bin/on_this_day?mth=Jul&day=19 On This Day in Canada] ----