Selangor

Subdivisions of Malaysia
native_name=سلاڠور دار الإحسان
conventional_long_name=Selangor Darul Ehsan

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state_motto="Dipelihara Allah"
state_anthem="Duli Yang Maha Mulia"

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common_name=Selangor
capital=Shah Alam
royal_capital=Klang
entryFederationdate=1957
ruling_party=Pakatan Rakyat (People's Pact)
leader_title1=Sultan
leader_name1=Sultan Sharafuddin Idris
leader_title2=Menteri Besar
leader_name2=Abdul Khalid Ibrahim
sovereignty_type=History
established_event1=Federated into FMS
established_date1=1895
established_event2=Japanese occupation
established_date2=1942
established_event3=Accession into Federation of Malaya
established_date3=1948
area=7,956
population_estimate=7,200,000
population_estimate_year=2007
population_estimate_rank=1
population_density=905
population_density_rank=1
HDI=0.817
HDI_year=2000
HDI_category= high
national_calling_code=03
national_postal_code=40xxx to 48xxx
62xxx to 64xxx
license_plate=B
website=http://www.selangor.gov.my

Selangor (Jawi script: سلاڠور, population 7.2 million) is one of the 13 states of Malaysia. It is on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and is bordered by Perak to the north, Pahang to the east, Negeri Sembilan to the south and the Strait of Malacca to the west. It completely surrounds the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya.

The origin of the name "Selangor" is lost in history, although some sources claim the name to have come from the Malay word "selangau", 'a large fly', most probably due to the abundance of flies in the marshes along the Selangor River in the state's north-west. Another more plausible theory claims the state's name is derived from the term "Selang Ur" meaning "land of the straits" ("ur" means "land" in Tamil, "selang" means "straits" in the Malay language).

Selangor is also known by its Arabic honorific, Darul Ehsan ("Abode of Sincerity").

The state is a hereditary constitutional monarchy, of which the reigning Sultan (since 2001) is Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah. The Menteri Besar (chief executive of the state government) is currently Tan Sri Abdul Khalid Ibrahim, of the Parti Keadilan Rakyat since 10 March 2008.

The state capital is Shah Alam and the royal capital is Klang. A third major urban centre is Petaling Jaya which was awarded city status on 20 June 2006. Hence, Selangor is one of only two Malaysian states with more than one city; the other being Sarawak.

Selangor is also the richest state in Malaysia in terms of GDP and second richest in terms of GDP per capita (at RM18,157 or US$4,907), behind Penang.Fact|date=November 2007 On 27 August 2005, Selangor was officially declared the first developed state in Malaysia by the then state government.

History

In the 15th century, Selangor was ruled by the Sultanate of Malacca. After the fall of Malacca to the Portuguese in 1511, the area became hotly disputed between the Portuguese, Johor, Aceh and Siam. When the Dutch displaced the Portuguese from Malacca in 1641, they brought in Bugis mercenaries from Sulawesi, who eventually established the present sultanate in 1740. In many districts, Bugis settlers displaced the Minangkabau settlers from Sumatra, who had established themselves in Selangor some 100 years previously. In the 19th century, the economy boomed due to the exploitation of huge tin reserves and the growing importance of rubber. This attracted a large influx of Chinese migrants. Chinese secret clan societies, allied with Selangor chiefs fought for control of the tin mines, and the increasing violence created social and economic havoc. It also opened a window of opportunity for the British, who forced the Sultan of Selangor to accept a British Resident in 1874. Under the stability imposed by the British, Selangor again prospered. In 1896, largely through the coordination of the Resident Frank Swettenham, Selangor united with Negri Sembilan, Perak and Pahang to form the Federated Malay States, with its capital in Kuala Lumpur. The Federated Malay States evolved into the Federation of Malaya in 1948 and the Federation of Malaysia in 1963. In 1970, Selangor relinquished the city of Kuala Lumpur to the federal government. Putrajaya also became a federal territory in the mid-1990s.

Selangor currently is the richest, most industrialized and most urbanized of all Malaysian states. The Menteri Besar of Selangor declared Selangor as a developed state on 27 August 2005.

Population and demographics

Selangor is Malaysia's most populous state, with the nation's biggest conurbation, the Klang Valley. Selangor's geographical position in the centre of Peninsular Malaysia contributed to the state's rapid development as Malaysia's transportation and industrial hub, which in turn attracts migrants from other states as well as overseas, especially from Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and China. The influx of illegal immigrants, particularly from Indonesia, has further contributed to Selangor's rapid population growth.

Selangor has a population of 4,850,000 (2006 ; the state's ethnic composition consisted of Malays 52.9%, Chinese 27.8%, Indians 13.3% and other ethnic groups 6%.SSIC - from YB Dato' Tang See Hang - Selangor State Executive Councillor.]

Selangor's main population centres are Petaling Jaya (2007 est. pop. 550,000), Shah Alam (500,000), Klang (995,000) and Subang Jaya-UEP Subang Jaya (400,000). Other major centres include:

*Bangi
*Banting
*Cheras
*Cyberjaya
*Kajang
*Kuala Selangor
*Puchong
*Port Klang
*Rawang
*Semenyih
*Sepang
*Serdang
*Seri Kembangan
*Petaling Jaya
*Hulu Selangor
*Subang Jaya
*Shah Alam
*Sabak Bernam
*Ijok
*Bandar Sri Damansara

Politics

Constitution

The Constitution of the State of Selangor came into force on the 26 of February 1959. The constitution is separated into two parts titled;

*" THE FIRST PART OF THE LAWS OF THE CONSTITUTION "

*" THE SECOND PART OF THE LAWS OF THE CONSTITUTION "

Under the 1959 constitution, Selangor is a constitutional monarchy.

elangor Sultanate

The Sultan of Selangor is the constitutional Ruler of Selangor. The role, powers and duties of the Sultan are set forth in the constitution of 1959. The constitution proclaims that the office of Sultan is vested with the executive power of the state, is the Head of the religion of Islam in the state and the fountain of honours and dignities in the state.

This position is hereditary and can only be held by a member of Selangor's royal family. The current ruler is His Royal Highness Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah, who has held this position since 2001.

tate Executive Council

The State Executive Council, which along with the Sultan is Selangor's executive branch of government, was established by the constitution of 1959. It is composed of the Menteri Besar, who is its chairman and Selangor's head of government, and ten other members. The Menteri Besar and other members of the council are appointed by the Sultan of Selangor from members of the State Assembly. The current Menteri Besar is Tan Sri Abdul Khalid Ibrahim, of the Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR, or People's Justice Party)

elangor State Assembly

* See Also:Breakdown of State Seats Representatives elected 2008"

The state also has a legislative branch, called the state assembly. It is similar to the Parliament but is limited to making laws relating to the state. Its members are elected in elections which are usually held simultaneously with federal elections. The term of each state assembly member is limited to five years. The state assembly must be dissolved before or once it expires its term for a fresh election to elect its members.

Menteri Besar of Selangor since 1949

"Main article:" List of Chief Ministers of Selangor

# 1949 - 1949: Hamzah Abdulah
# 1949 - 1953: YAM Raja Tun Uda Raja Mohamad
# 1953 - 1954: Othman Mohamad
# 1955 - 1956: Dr. Abdul Aziz Abdul Majid
# 1956 - 1958: Tuan Muhammad Imail Abdul Latiff
# 1958 - 1959: Abdul Jamil Rais
# 1959 - 1964: Datuk Abu Bakar Baginda
# 1964 - 1976: Datuk Harun Idris
# 1976 - 1982: Dato Hormat Rafei
# 1982 - 1986: Dato Ahmad Razali Mohd Ali
# 1986 - 1997: Tan Sri Muhammad Muhammad Taib
# 1997 - 2000: Tan Sri Abu Hassan Omar
# 2000 - 2008: Dato Seri Dr.Mohd Khir Toyo
# 2008 - Now : Tan Sri Abdul Khalid Ibrahim

Administration

List of districts

Selangor is divided into 9 administrative districts, namely:
*Klang, along with Port Klang (formerly known as "Port Swettenham")
*Petaling, contains the Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport (formerly "Subang International Airport")
*Sepang, contains the Kuala Lumpur International Airport
*Kuala Selangor
*Sabak Bernam
*Hulu Langat
*Kuala Langat
*Hulu Selangor
*Gombak

List of local authorities

There are 12 local authorities in Selangor, namely:

*Majlis Daerah Hulu Selangor (MDHS)
*Majlis Perbandaran Subang Jaya (MPSJ)
*Majlis Daerah Sabak Bernam (MDSB)
*Majlis Perbandaran Kajang (MPKj)
*Majlis Daerah Kuala Selangor (MDKS)
*Majlis Perbandaran Klang (MPK)
*Majlis Perbandaran Selayang (MPS)
*Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam (MBSA)
*Majlis Bandaraya Petaling Jaya (MBPJ)
*Majlis Perbandaran Ampang Jaya (MPAJ)
*Majlis Perbandaran Sepang (MPSpg)
*Majlis Daerah Kuala Langat (MDKL)

Culture

The traditional culture of Selangor's Malay majority is influenced by those of Bugis, Johor, Minangkabau, Mandailing and Javanese ancestry.

Selangor's population also has Chinese and Indian influence; those two having larger minority populations.

Being the most developed state in Malaysia, Selangor also receives a lot of Western influence.

Cuisine

The traditional Malay cuisine in Selangor has received influences from Johor, Bugis, Jawa and Minangkabau.

"Rojak Klang", "Lontong Klang" and "Mee Bandung" are famous cuisines in Klang and Shah Alam (Note: "Mee Bandung" is also touted to have originated from Johor). Other famous dishes include "Mee Jawa" (which is similar to "Mee Rebus" in Johor), "Satay Kajang", "Ketam Darul Ehsan", "Kuah Asam Pedas" and "Sayur Masak Rebung".

Klang "bak kut teh" is famous among the Chinese population. It is a herbal pork soup which is eaten during breakfast, lunch, and dinner.

Coastal towns such as Klang and Kuala Selangor are also famed for seafood.

References

External links

* [http://www.selangor.gov.my/ Official website]
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* [http://www.kliaekspres.com/other%20pages/Trains%20&%20Routes/images/route.gifRail map of Selangor]
* [http://www.geographia.com/malaysia/selangor.html Geographical maps of Selangor]
* [http://www.geographia.com/malaysia/selhistory.html History of Selangor]
* [http://www.virtualmalaysia.com/destination/state.cfm?state=selangor Selangor page on the official portal of the ministry of tourism malaysia]