Dodge City, Kansas

Dodge City, Kansas
"Dodge City" redirects here. For others, see Dodge (disambiguation).
Dodge City, Kansas
—  City  —
The "El Capitan" cattle drive monument, 2008
Nickname(s): "The Cowboy Capital of The World"; "The Wicked Little City"; "Queen of the Cowtowns"; "Bibulous Babylon of the Frontier"
Location of Dodge City in Kansas
Map of Dodge City
Coordinates: 37°45′35″N 100°01′06″W / 37.75972°N 100.01833°W / 37.75972; -100.01833Coordinates: 37°45′35″N 100°01′06″W / 37.75972°N 100.01833°W / 37.75972; -100.01833
Country United States
State Kansas
County Ford
Founded 1872[1]
Incorporated 1875[1]
Government
 - Mayor E. Kent Smoll
Area
 - Total 12.7 sq mi (32.9 km2)
 - Land 12.6 sq mi (32.6 km2)
 - Water 0.1 sq mi (0.3 km2)
Elevation 2,493 ft (760 m)
Population (2010)[2]
 - Total 27,340
 - Density 2,152.8/sq mi (831.2/km2)
Time zone Central (CST) (UTC-6)
 - Summer (DST) CDT (UTC-5)
ZIP code 67801, 67843
Area code(s) 620
GNIS feature ID 485363[3]
Website www.DodgeCity.org

Dodge City is a city in, and the county seat of, Ford County, Kansas, United States. Named after nearby Fort Dodge, the city is famous in American culture for its history as a wild frontier town of the Old West.[4][5][6] As of the 2010 census, the city population was 27,340.[2]

Contents

History

Buffalo Hunter Ralph Morrison who was killed and scalped December 7, 1868 near Fort Dodge Kansas by Cheyennes. A Lt Reade of the 3rd Infantry and Chief of Scouts John O. Austin in background. Photograph by William S. Soule.[7]

The first settlement of non-indigenous people in the area that became Dodge City was Fort Mann. Built by civilians in 1847, Fort Mann was intended to provide protection for travelers on the Santa Fe Trail. Fort Mann collapsed in 1848 after an Indian attack. In 1850, the U.S. Army arrived to provide protection in the region and constructed Fort Atkinson on the old Fort Mann site. The army abandoned Fort Atkinson in 1853. Military forces on the Santa Fe Trail were reestablished farther north and east at Fort Larned in 1859, but the area around what would become Dodge City remained vacant until after the Civil War. In 1865, as the Indian Wars in the West began heating up, the army constructed Fort Dodge to assist Fort Larned in providing protection on the Santa Fe Trail. Fort Dodge remained in operation until 1882.

The town of Dodge City can trace its origins to 1871 when rancher Henry J. Sitler built a sod house west of Fort Dodge to oversee his cattle operations in the region. Conveniently located near the Santa Fe Trail and Arkansas River, Sitler's house quickly became a stopping point for travelers. With the Santa Fe Railroad rapidly approaching from the east, others saw the commercial potential of the region. In 1872, just five miles (8 km) west of Fort Dodge, settlers platted out and founded the town of Dodge City. George M. Hoover established the first bar in a tent to service thirsty soldiers from Fort Dodge. The railroad arrived in September to find a town ready and waiting for business. The early settlers in Dodge City traded in buffalo bones and hides and provided a civilian community for Fort Dodge. However, with the arrival of the railroad, Dodge City soon became involved in the cattle trade.

Deputies Bat Masterson (left) and Wyatt Earp in Dodge City, 1876. The scroll on Earp's chest is a cloth pin-on badge

The idea of driving Texas longhorn cattle from Texas to railheads in Kansas originated in the late 1850s[citation needed] but was cut short by the Civil War. In 1866, the first Texas cattle started arriving in Baxter Springs in southeastern Kansas by way of the Shawnee Trail. However, Texas longhorn cattle carried a tick that spread splenic fever, known locally as Texas Fever, among other breeds of cattle. Alarmed Kansas farmers persuaded the Kansas State Legislature to establish a quarantine line in central Kansas. The quarantine prohibited Texas longhorns from the heavily settled, eastern portion of the state.

With the cattle trade forced west, Texas longhorns began moving north along the Chisholm Trail. In 1867, the main Cow Town was Abilene, Kansas. Profits were high, and other towns quickly joined in the cattle boom. Newton in 1871; Ellsworth in 1872; and Wichita in 1872. However, in 1876 the Kansas State Legislature responded to pressure from farmers settling in central Kansas and once again shifted the quarantine line westward, which essentially eliminated Abilene and the other Cow Towns from the cattle trade. With no place else to go, Dodge City suddenly became Queen of the Cow Towns.

A new route, known as the Great Western Cattle Trail, or Western Trail, branched off from the Chisholm Trail to lead cattle into Dodge City. Dodge City became a boomtown, with thousands of cattle passing annually through its stockyards. The peak years of the cattle trade in Dodge City were from 1883 to 1884, and during that time the town grew tremendously. In 1880, Dodge City got a new competitor for the cattle trade from the border town of Caldwell. For a few years the competition between the towns was fierce, but there were enough cattle for both towns to prosper. Nevertheless, it was Dodge City that became famous, and rightly so because no town could match Dodge City's reputation as a true frontier settlement of the Old West. Dodge City had more famous (and infamous) gunfighters working at one time or another than any other town in the West, many of whom participated in the Dodge City War of 1883. It also boasted the usual array of saloons, gambling halls, and brothels established to separate a lonely cowboy from his hard-earned cash, including the famous Long Branch Saloon and China Doll brothel. For a time in 1884, Dodge City even had a bullfighting ring where Mexican bullfighters imported from Mexico would put on a show with specially chosen longhorn bulls.

As more agricultural settlers moved into western Kansas, pressure on the Kansas State Legislature to do something about splenic fever increased. Consequently, in 1885 the quarantine line was extended across the state and the Western Trail was all but shut down. By 1886, the cowboys, saloon keepers, gamblers, and brothel owners moved west to greener pastures, and Dodge City became a sleepy little town much like other communities in western Kansas.

Geography

2005 KDOT map of Ford County showing Dodge City and surrounding communities (map legend)

Dodge City is located at 37°45′35″N 100°1′6″W / 37.75972°N 100.01833°W / 37.75972; -100.01833 (37.759671, -100.018212) at an elevation of 2,493 feet (760 m).[3][8] It lies on the Arkansas River in the High Plains region of the Great Plains.[9] The city sits above one of the world’s largest underground water systems, the Ogallala Aquifer,[10] and is only 25 miles (40 km) from the eastern edge of the Hugoton Natural Gas Area.[citation needed] Located at the intersection of U.S. Route 50, U.S. Route 56, and U.S. Route 283 in southwestern Kansas, Dodge City is 151 miles (243 km) west of Wichita, 199 miles (320 km) northeast of Amarillo, and 301 miles (484 km) southeast of Denver.[9][11]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.7 square miles (33 km2), of which 12.6 square miles (33 km2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) (0.86%) is water.[12]

Climate

Dodge City lies in North America's temperate semi-arid climate zone (Köppen BSk) with hot summers, highly variable winters with both warm and very cold periods, and low to moderate humidity and precipitation throughout the year. The average temperature in Dodge City is 55 °F (13 °C).[13] Over the course of a year, temperatures range from an average low of 20 °F (−7 °C) in January to an average high of 93 °F (34 °C) in July.[14] The high temperature reaches or exceeds 90 °F (32 °C) an average of 67 days a year and reaches or exceeds 100 °F (38 °C) an average of 13 days a year. The minimum temperature falls below the freezing point 32 °F (0 °C) an average of 125 days a year. Typically, the first fall freeze occurs by the third week of October, and the last spring freeze occurs by the third week of April.[13] Dodge City receives 22 inches (560 mm) of precipitation during an average year with the largest share being received from May through August.[14] There are, on average, 77 days of measurable precipitation each year. Annual snowfall averages 21 inches (53 cm). Measurable snowfall occurs an average of 14 days a year with at least an inch of snow being received on six of those days. Snow depth of at least an inch occurs an average of 19 days a year.[13] Dodge City is often cited as the windiest city in the United States with an average speed of 13.9 mph (22.4 km/h), which results in occasional blizzards in the winter, even when snowfall is light.[15] Severe weather, including tornadoes, is common in the area, especially in the spring months. On average, January is the coldest month, July is the hottest month, and June is the wettest month. The hottest temperature recorded in Dodge City was 110 °F (43 °C) in 1998; the coldest temperature recorded was -26 °F (-32 °C) in 1899.[14]

Climate data for Dodge City, Kansas, USA
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 80
(27)		 86
(30)		 98
(37)		 100
(38)		 105
(41)		 110
(43)		 109
(43)		 109
(43)		 106
(41)		 98
(37)		 91
(33)		 86
(30)		 110
(43)
Average high °F (°C) 44
(7)		 49
(9)		 58
(14)		 68
(20)		 77
(25)		 87
(31)		 93
(34)		 91
(33)		 82
(28)		 70
(21)		 56
(13)		 44
(7)		 68.3
(20.1)
Daily mean °F (°C) 32
(0)		 36
(2)		 45
(7)		 54
(12)		 64
(18)		 74
(23)		 80
(27)		 78
(26)		 69
(21)		 57
(14)		 43
(6)		 33
(1)		 55.4
(13.0)
Average low °F (°C) 20
(−7)		 24
(−4)		 31
(−1)		 40
(4)		 52
(11)		 61
(16)		 66
(19)		 65
(18)		 56
(13)		 43
(6)		 30
(−1)		 21
(−6)		 42
(5.8)
Record low °F (°C) −20
(−29)		 −26
(−32)		 −15
(−26)		 9
(−13)		 19
(−7)		 36
(2)		 46
(8)		 43
(6)		 29
(−2)		 10
(−12)		 −13
(−25)		 −21
(−29)		 −26
(−32)
Precipitation inches (mm) 0.58
(14.7)		 0.71
(18)		 1.59
(40.4)		 1.82
(46.2)		 2.85
(72.4)		 3.24
(82.3)		 3.08
(78.2)		 2.75
(69.9)		 1.67
(42.4)		 1.74
(44.2)		 0.76
(19.3)		 0.84
(21.3)		 21.63
(549.4)
Snowfall inches (cm) 4.9
(12.4)		 4.2
(10.7)		 4.7
(11.9)		 1.1
(2.8)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0.4
(1)		 1.8
(4.6)		 3.8
(9.7)		 20.9
(53.1)
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 3.5 4.8 6.5 7.1 8.9 8.9 8.2 8.0 5.7 6.1 4.5 4.6 76.8
Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 3.4 2.8 2.2 0.7 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 1.2 3.1 13.6
Source: National Weather Service;[13] The Weather Channel[14]

Demographics

Historical populations
Census Pop. %±
1880 996
—
1890 1,763 77.0%
1900 1,942 10.2%
1910 3,214 65.5%
1920 5,061 57.5%
1930 10,059 98.8%
1940 8,487 −15.6%
1950 11,262 32.7%
1960 13,520 20.0%
1970 14,127 4.5%
1980 18,001 27.4%
1990 21,129 17.4%
2000 25,176 19.2%
2010 27,340 8.6%
U.S. Decennial Census

As of the 2010 census, there were 27,340 people, 8,777 households, and 6,241 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,152.8 people per square mile (831.2/km²). There were 9,378 housing units at an average density of 744.3 per square mile (287.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 72.5% White, 2.5% African American, 1.6% Asian, 1.1% American Indian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 19.3% from some other race, and 2.9% from two or more races. 57.5% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race.[2]

There were 8,777 households out of which 45.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.5% were married couples living together, 6.6% had a male householder with no wife present, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.9% were non-families. 22.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.05, and the average family size was 3.60.[2]

In the city, the population was spread out with 31.8% under the age of 18, 11.9% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 8.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 105.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.5 males age 18 and over.[2]

As of 2009, the median income for a household in the city was $41,999, and the median income for a family was $47,650. Males had a median income of $30,255 versus $26,232 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,632. About 15.6% of families and 17.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.4% of those under age 18 and 10.0% of those age 65 or over.[16]

Economy

National Beef plant, 2006. Dodge City is an important center for meat packing.

Meat packing is the primary industry in Dodge City. Cargill Meat Solutions and National Beef are the two largest employers with roughly 2,700 employees each.[17] The city also hosts farm implement manufacturing and serves as a supply center for area agriculture. Livestock-raising is a major activity while wheat and sorghum are the area's main crops.[6] In addition, a local tourism industry, including a casino resort, has developed to capitalize on Dodge City's history as an Old West cowtown.[18] The service sector accounts for much of the rest of the local economy with local government, schools, retail stores, and health care providers as the city's other major employers.[17]

Government

Dodge City is a city of the first class with a commission-manager form of government.[19] The city commission consists of five members who serve either two-year or four-year terms depending on the number of votes they receive. Every year, the commission selects one commissioner to serve as mayor and another to serve as vice-mayor.[20] The commission meets on the first and third Monday of each month.[19] Appointed by the commission, the city manager leads the city administration, executes the commission's policies, and develops operational programs to meet the city's needs.[21]

Education

Primary and secondary education

Dodge City Public Schools (USD 443) serves over 6,000 students and operates 14 schools in the city, including one early childhood center, eight elementary schools, two intermediate centers, one middle school, one high school, and one alternative school.[22]

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City oversees one Catholic school in the city: Sacred Heart Cathedral School (Pre-K-8).[23]

Colleges and universities

Dodge City Community College (DCCC), a two-year public college with approximately 2,000 students, is located in the northwestern part of the city.[24][25] From 1952 to 1993, Dodge City was also home to St. Mary of the Plains College, a private, four-year Catholic liberal arts college.[26] Newman University, a Catholic university based in Wichita, now operates a branch campus on St. Mary of the Plains' former grounds.[27]

Libraries

Dodge City Public Library, located north of downtown, is the city's main library. A member of the Southwest Kansas Library System, it has a collection of approximately 123,000 volumes, and it circulates more than 189,000 items annually.[28] It was founded as a Carnegie library in 1905 and moved to its current facility in 1981.[29] The library offers several services to the public, including computer classes, public internet access, and programs for children and adults.[30] Other libraries in the city include the DCCC Library, which holds more than 30,000 volumes and serves as a federal depository library, and the Kansas Heritage Center, a non-profit resource center and research library operated by Dodge City Public Schools dedicated to the history of Kansas, the Great Plains, and the Old West.[31][32][33]

Infrastructure

Transportation

The Dodge City Amtrak station, 2008

Originally a stop on the Santa Fe Trail, Dodge City was later located on the National Old Trails Road, also known as the Ocean-to-Ocean Highway, which followed the trail's path in western Kansas upon its establishment in 1912.[34] Currently, four U.S. Highways meet in Dodge City: U.S. Route 50, U.S. Route 56, U.S. Route 283, and U.S. Route 400. U.S. 50, an east-west route, runs through the northern part of the city. U.S. 400, which also runs east-west, runs through the southern part of the city. U.S. 56, an east-west route, and U.S. 283, a north-south route, run concurrently around the city's southern and eastern fringe. A U.S. 50 business route runs concurrently with U.S. 56, U.S. 283, and U.S. 400 at different points through the southern part and around the eastern part of the city.[35]

Greyhound Lines provides intercity bus service with a stop in Dodge City.[36]

Dodge City Regional Airport is located approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) east of the city.[37] Used primarily for general aviation, it hosts one commercial airline with daily flights to Denver.[38][39]

Three railroads serve Dodge City: the La Junta Subdivision of the BNSF Railway which runs east-west, the main line of the Cimarron Valley Railroad of which Dodge City is the northeastern terminus, and the Boot Hill and Western Railway of which the city is the northwestern terminus.[35][40] Using the BNSF trackage, Amtrak provides passenger rail service on its Southwest Chief line between Chicago and Los Angeles.[37][41] Amtrak's Dodge City station is located downtown.[42]

Utilities

The Utilities Division of the city government's Public Works Department operates and maintains the city's water and waste water distribution systems.[43] The department's Sanitation Division provides trash pickup.[44] Operations Management International, Inc. (OMI), a private contractor, provides waste water treatment, pumping the city's waste water to treatment holding ponds 12 miles south of the city.[45] The Victory Electric Cooperative Association, Inc., part of the Mid-Kansas Electric Company, delivers electricity to the city.[46][47] Local residents primarily use natural gas for heating fuel; natural gas service is provided by Black Hills Energy.[48][49]

Health care

The Western Plains Medical Complex is the sole hospital in Dodge City. A 99-bed hospital accredited by the Joint Commission, it serves as a referral center for southwestern Kansas.[50]

Media

Main article: Media in Dodge City, Kansas

The Dodge City Daily Globe is the city's daily newspaper with a circulation of approximately 7,000.[51] In addition, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City publishes a weekly newspaper, The Southwest Kansas Register.[52] The High Plains Journal, a weekly trade journal covering regional agricultural news, is also published in the city.[53]

Along with Garden City, Dodge City is a center of broadcast media for southwestern Kansas.[54][55] Two AM radio stations, seven FM radio stations,[54] and three television stations are licensed to and/or broadcast from the city.[56][57] Dodge City is located in the Wichita-Hutchinson, Kansas television market.[58] The three stations that broadcast from the city include one CBS and one FOX network affiliate, both of which are satellite stations of their respective affiliates in Wichita.[57][59] The third station is a satellite station of Smoky Hills Public Television, the PBS member network covering western Kansas.[60]

Parks and recreation

The city's Parks and Recreation Department maintains 21 parks in the city.[61] The largest is Wright Park, located immediately south of downtown and home to the Dodge City Zoo.[61][62] Legends Park, in the northern part of the city, is a four-diamond, tournament-level baseball and softball complex that hosts both youth and adult league games.[63] The city also maintains the St. Mary Soccer Complex, which includes six full-size game pads and three junior-sized fields, and the municipal pool.[64][65]

There are two golf courses in the city, one public and one private. Mariah Hills Municipal Golf Course, the public course, is an 18-hole course built in 1974 and redesigned in 1990. It includes a full-service pro shop, driving range, and putting green. Dodge City Country Club, the private course, is an 18-hole course built in 1916 and expanded in 1982.[66]

Culture

Arts and music

Two galleries support an arts community in the city. Located in the original public library building, The Carnegie Center for the Arts provides gallery space to local artists and houses the Dodge City Arts Council.[67][68] The second gallery, the Second Avenue Art Guild, exhibits the work of regional artists in ceramics, photography, and other media.[69]

The Depot Theater Company, based in the former Santa Fe Railroad Depot, puts on theatrical productions throughout the year. Founded in 1984, the group performs in both the old depot and the Occident Theater.[70]

Events

Each summer, the Dodge City Chamber of Commerce holds Dodge City Days, the city's annual community festival.[71] Lasting ten days, it includes the Dodge City Roundup Rodeo, a parade, a beauty pageant, music concerts, a golf tournament, arts and craft shows, and other activities.[72] Several other community events are held throughout the year.[73] In early May, the city's sizable Mexican community celebrates Cinco de Mayo in Wright Park with live music, folk dance performances, and traditional Mexican cuisine.[74] To celebrate Independence Day, the city holds its Old-Fashioned Fourth of July which includes a fireworks display and children's activities at Boot Hill.[75] Christmas in Old Dodge City, the city's winter holiday festival, starts in late November and lasts until Christmas.[73] It begins with a formal Christmas tree lighting downtown, a chili cook-off, and the Parade of Lights, a parade of floats decorated with Christmas lights.[76]

Two other annual events reflect the central role of agriculture in the local economy. The Ford County Fair is held in July and includes 4-H and FFA exhibits, competitions, and shows as well as other activities.[77] Also in July, the Western Kansas Manufacturers Association (WKMA) holds the 3i Show, an agri-business expo of agricultural products, technology, and services.[78]

Points of interest

The Boot Hill Museum, 2010

Located in and around the city are a number of historical sites, museums, and landmarks dedicated to Dodge City’s Old West heritage. The Boot Hill Museum, located downtown, contains thousands of artifacts and a variety of exhibits portraying the culture of the city’s early years. The museum’s larger exhibits include: Front Street, a partial reconstruction of downtown Dodge City as it existed in 1876; the Long Branch Saloon and the Long Branch Variety Show; the Saratoga Saloon; the Hardesty House, a period-typical home built in 1879; the city’s original Boot Hill Cemetery; and the Kansas Cowboy Hall of Fame.[79][80] The Santa Fe Trail Remains, located nine miles west of the city, are preserved wagon tracks from a section of the Santa Fe Trail.[80] The Ford County Historical Society maintains the Mueller-Schmidt House, called the “Home of Stone.” Built from area limestone in 1881, it is the oldest building in the city still standing at its original site.[81] Other historical landmarks include: El Capitan, a life-sized bronze sculpture of a Texas Longhorn steer built to commemorate the cattle drives that once ended in the city; a bronze statue of famous Dodge City lawman Wyatt Earp; and the Santa Fe Depot, the largest extant train depot in Kansas.[82][83]

Dodge City maintains part of its downtown as a tourist attraction, 2008

To capitalize on this heritage, the city promotes its downtown business district as historic Old Dodge City complete with Western-themed tourist attractions, shops, and restaurants.[84] Visitors can tour the district by trolley or by taking the Dodge City Trail of Fame walking tour.[85][86] The state of Kansas owns and operates the similarly themed Boot Hill Casino & Resort on the west side of the city.[87]

Dodge City Civic Center and United Wireless Arena are the city's two main indoor event venues. The Civic Center, built in 1954, is a 2,800-seat multipurpose facility that has hosted a variety of events, including concerts and sporting events.[88][89] United Wireless Arena, opened in 2011, is a 5,500-seat multipurpose arena located next to the Boot Hill Casino on the west side of the city. Owned by the City of Dodge City and Ford County, the arena complex includes the 10,000 square-foot Magouirk Conference Center.[90]

Other sites of interest in the city include the Dodge City Zoo and the Kansas Teachers' Hall of Fame. The Zoo is located in Wright Park and is home to more than 45 animals.[91] Located downtown, the Kansas Teachers' Hall of Fame hosts exhibits on education in Kansas and claims to be the first of its kind in the United States.[92]

Religion

There are 33 Christian churches in and around Dodge City.[93] The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dodge City is based in the city. Established in 1951, it comprises 28 Kansas counties, roughly the southwestern quarter of the state.[94] The city is home to both the diocese's current and former cathedrals, Cathedral of Our Lady of Guadalupe and Sacred Heart Cathedral, respectively.[95] Also headquartered in the city is the Dodge City District of the United Methodist Church which consists of 22 counties in southwestern Kansas.[96]

Sports

Dodge City Community College's athletic teams, the Dodge City Conquistadors (or "Conqs" for short), compete in several sports in the Kansas Jayhawk Community College Conference (KJCCC).[97]

Beyond DCCC sports, Dodge City also hosts amateur baseball and professional motorsports. The Dodge City Athletics, nicknamed the "A's", are a collegiate summer baseball team in the Jayhawk Collegiate League of the National Baseball Congress.[98] Both the A's and the DCCC Conquistadors baseball team use Cavalier Field, located on the former St. Mary of the Plains College campus, as their home field.[99] Dodge City Raceway Park, located immediately south of the city, is a 3/8-mile dirt track that hosts midget and sprint car racing from April through October. Past events at the park have included National Sprint Tour and World of Outlaws races.[100] The Western Kansas Dirt Riders, a motocross team, race at Tumbleweed Raceway adjacent to the Raceway Park.[101]

In the past, Dodge City hosted college football and professional basketball as well. From 1970 to 1980, the annual Boot Hill Bowl post-season college football game was played in Dodge City. The bowl was sanctioned by the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics and featured schools such as Washburn University and Emporia State University. The last game was played on November 21, 1980.[102] From 2000 to 2007, the city was home to a minor league professional basketball team, the Dodge City Legend of the United States Basketball League.[103]

In popular culture and the arts

The title screen of the television show Gunsmoke, set in Dodge City.

Starting in the 1870s, the violent episodes of early Dodge City history, particularly the exploits of Wyatt Earp, attracted national media attention. News coverage of the 1883 Dodge City War fueled public perceptions of frontier turmoil and established Dodge City as the “Sodom of the West” in the public consciousness. Gunfighters and lawmen such as Earp became celebrities, and sensationalized versions of their activities entered period popular culture as the subject of dime novels. Over time, the level and scale of the violence in early Dodge City were significantly embellished, becoming the stuff of legend. This trend continued into the 20th century, particularly after the 1931 publication of Stuart N. Lake’s book Wyatt Earp: Frontier Marshal. Regarded in American folklore as the quintessential rough and rowdy Old West frontier town, Dodge City served as the setting for numerous works of Western-themed media, including films and television series.[104]

Perhaps most famously, Dodge City was the setting of the long-running radio and television series Gunsmoke. The series followed the adventures of fictional U.S. Marshal Matt Dillon as he dealt with gunfighters, cattle rustlers, and other criminals while enforcing the law in the city.[105] The radio series lasted from 1952 to 1961 while the television series ran from 1955 to 1975, the longest-running prime-time TV drama in American history.[106] The show proved culturally influential, promoting the legend of Dodge City’s Old West era and serving as the source of the popular phrase “get out of Dodge” meaning to leave a dangerous area.[107] In honor of the series, the city government changed the name of Walnut Street, one of its downtown streets, to Gunsmoke Street in 1959.[108]

The city has also been a setting for a number of films and television series dramatizing the career of Wyatt Earp. These include several seasons of the 1950s series The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp[109] and the films Winchester '73 (1950),[110] Masterson of Kansas (1954),[111] Cheyenne Autumn (1964),[112] and the 1994 biopic Wyatt Earp.[113] The character of lawman Wade Hatton, played by Errol Flynn, in the 1939 film Dodge City was based on Earp.[114]

More recently, Dodge City served as a setting for the 2005 multi-platform video game Gun.[115]

Notable people

Main article: List of people from Dodge City, Kansas

Numerous figures of the American Old West lived in Dodge City during its period as a frontier cowtown. These included, most notably, lawmen Wyatt Earp and Bat Masterson as well as gunfighter Doc Holliday.[116] Other notable natives and residents have included Vaudeville actor and comedian Eddie Foy, Sr.,[117] wrestler Sputnik Monroe,[118] and actor Dennis Hopper.[119]

Gallery

  • Reconstructed shops on Front Street at the Boot Hill Museum, 2010

  • Hanging Tree at Museum, 1959

  • Graves at Museum, 1959

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Ford County Historical Society - Dodge City, Kansas". Ford County Historical Society. http://www.skyways.org/orgs/fordco/. Retrieved 2011-10-30. 
  2. ^ a b c d e "American FactFinder 2". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml. Retrieved 2011-09-18. 
  3. ^ a b "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. http://geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  4. ^ Wright, Robert M. Dodge City, The Cowboy Capital, 1913.
  5. ^ Schmidt, Heinie, "Fort Dodge State Soldiers' Home", High Plains Journal, January 15, 1948.
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Further reading

  • Dykstra, Robert R. The Cattle Towns. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1968. ISBN 0-8032-6561-1
  • Miner, Craig. West of Wichita: Settling the High Plains of Kansas, 1865-1890. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1988. ISBN 0-7006-0364-6
  • Vestal, Stanley. Dodge City: Queen of Cowtowns: "the Wickedest Little City in America" 1872-1886. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998. ISBN 0-8032-9617-7
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