Reno, Nevada

"Reno" redirects here. For other uses, see Reno (disambiguation).

Reno
—  City  —
Reno Arch
Flag
Nickname(s): The Biggest Little City in the World
Location of Reno in Washoe County, Nevada
Reno Location in Nevada
Coordinates: 39°31′38″N 119°49′19″W / 39.52722°N 119.82194°W / 39.52722; -119.82194Coordinates: 39°31′38″N 119°49′19″W / 39.52722°N 119.82194°W / 39.52722; -119.82194
Country	United States
State	Nevada
County	Washoe
Government
– Mayor	Bob Cashell (R)
Area
– City	69.3 sq mi (179.6 km2)
– Land	69.1 sq mi (179.0 km2)
– Water	0.2 sq mi (0.6 km2)
Elevation	4,505 ft (1,373 m)
Population (2010)[1]
– City	225,221
– Density	2,611.4/sq mi (1,008.3/km2)
– Metro	694,960
Time zone	Pacific (PST) (UTC−8)
– Summer (DST)	PDT (UTC−7)
ZIP codes	89500-89599
Area code(s)	775
FIPS code	32-60600
GNIS feature ID	0861100
Website	http://reno.gov/

Reno is the county seat of Washoe County, Nevada, United States. The city has a population of about 220,500^[2] and is the most populous Nevada city outside of the Las Vegas metropolitan area. It sits in a high desert valley at the foot of the Sierra Nevada.

Reno, known as The Biggest Little City in the World, is famous for its casinos, and is the birthplace of the gaming corporation Harrah's Entertainment. City residents are called Renoites. Reno is bordered to the east by the city of Sparks. The Reno-Sparks metropolitan area is informally called the Truckee Meadows, and consists of about 400,000 residents.^[3]

History

See also: List of Registered Historic Places in Washoe County, Nevada

Archaeological finds place the eastern border for the prehistoric Martis people in the Reno area.^[4]

As early as the 1850s a few pioneers settled in the Truckee Meadows, a relatively fertile valley through which the Truckee River made its way from Lake Tahoe to Pyramid Lake. In addition to subsistence farming, these early residents could pick up business from travelers along the California Trail, which followed the Truckee westward, before branching off towards Donner Lake, where the formidable obstacle of the Sierra began.

Gold was discovered in the vicinity of Virginia City in 1850 and a modest mining community developed, but the discovery of silver in 1859 at the Comstock Lode led to a mining rush.

To provide the necessary connection between Virginia City and the California Trail, Charles W. Fuller built a log toll bridge across the Truckee River in 1859. A small community that would serve to service travelers soon grew up near the bridge. After two years, Fuller sold the bridge to Myron C. Lake, who continued to develop the community with the addition of a grist mill, kiln, and livery stable to the hotel and eating house. He renamed it Lake's Crossing. In 1864, Washoe County was consolidated with Roop County; Lake's Crossing became the largest town in the county. Lake had earned himself the title "founder of Reno."^[5]

By January 1863, the Central Pacific Railroad (CPRR) had begun laying tracks east from Sacramento, California, eventually connecting with the Union Pacific Railroad at Promontory, Utah to form the first transcontinental railroad. Lake deeded land to the CPRR in exchange for its promise to build a depot at Lake's Crossing. Once the railroad station was established, the town of Reno officially came into being on May 9, 1868.^[6] CPRR construction superintendent Charles Crocker named the community after Major General Jesse Lee Reno, a Union officer killed in the American Civil War at the Battle of South Mountain.

In 1871 Reno became the county seat of the newly expanded Washoe County, replacing the previous county seat, located in Washoe City. However, political power in Nevada remained with the mining communities, first Virginia City and later Tonopah and Goldfield.

The extension of the Virginia and Truckee Railroad to Reno in 1872 provided a boost to the new city's economy. In the following decades, Reno continued to grow and prosper as a business and agricultural center and became the principal settlement on the transcontinental railroad between Sacramento and Salt Lake City.

Downtown Reno

As the mining boom waned early in the 20th century, Nevada's centers of political and business activity shifted to the non-mining communities, especially Reno and Las Vegas, and today the former mining metropolises stand as little more than ghost towns. Despite this, Nevada is still the third-largest gold producer in the world, after South Africa and Australia; the state yielded 6.9 percent of the world's supply in 2005 world gold production.^[7]

The "Reno Arch" was erected on Virginia Street in 1926 to promote the upcoming Transcontinental Highways Exposition of 1927, the arch included the words "Nevada's Transcontinental Highways Exposition" and the dates of the exposition. After the exposition, the Reno City Council decided to keep the arch as a permanent downtown gateway, and Mayor E.E. Roberts asked the citizens of Reno to suggest a slogan for the arch. No acceptable slogan was received until a $100 prize was offered, and G.A. Burns of Sacramento was declared the winner on March 14, 1929 with "Reno, The Biggest Little City in the World".

Nevada's legalization of casino gambling in 1931 and the passage of liberal divorce laws created another boom for Reno. Ernie Pyle once wrote in one of his columns "All the people you saw on the streets in Reno were obviously there to get divorces." In Ayn Rand's novel The Fountainhead, published in 1943, the New-York-based female protagonist tells a friend "I am going to Reno," which is taken as a different way of saying "I am going to divorce my husband." Among others, the Belgian-French writer Georges Simenon, at the time living in the US, came to Reno in 1949 in order to divorce his first wife.^[8]

The divorce business eventually died as the other states fell in line by passing their own laws easing the requirements for divorce, but gambling continued as a major Reno industry. Beginning in the 1950s, the need for economic diversification beyond gaming fueled a movement for more lenient business taxation.^[8]

One of the worst disasters in the history of the region occurred on the afternoon of February 5, 1957 when an explosion ripped through the heart of downtown. At 1:03 pm, two explosions, caused by natural gas leaking into the maze of pipes and ditches under the city, and an ensuing fire destroyed five buildings in the vicinity of Sierra and First streets along the Truckee River. Forty-nine people were injured in the disaster and two were killed. The first explosion hit under the block of shops on the west side of Sierra Street (now the site of the Century Riverside), the second, across Sierra Street, now the site of the Palladio.

The presence of a main east-west rail line, the emerging interstate highway system, favorable tax climate and relatively inexpensive land created good conditions for warehousing and distribution of goods to the growing population in the surrounding eleven western states.

Reno has experienced a growing economy which has resulted in new home construction around the metro area. A direct result of this growth and the "housing bubble" has been a large increase in housing prices in the area, Reno-Sparks being named the 44th most overvalued housing market in the nation in 2006.^[9] As of January 2007 Reno’s housing market has fallen by 7% bringing the median home price down to $315,000.^[10] The Nevada economy overall, while taking the unemployment rate into consideration, ranks very low in comparison to all other states. On the other hand, the state recently ranked the nations fastest growing in population (2010). Major new construction projects have been completed in the Reno & Sparks areas. A few new luxury communities were recently built in Truckee, CA, approximately 28 miles west of Reno on Interstate 80. Reno also is an outdoor recreation destination, due to close proximity to the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range, Lake Tahoe, and numerous ski resorts in the region, including Northstar-at-Tahoe. Almost all of the ski resorts on the north end of Lake Tahoe have constructed new ski lodges and made other facility improvements to cater to visitors in all seasons. Squaw Valley offers Squaw Village, a walk through village experience. Diamond Peak in Incline Village, NV just completed a newly constructed large ski lodge. The Tahoe Donner community in Truckee, CA also has made improvements to its ski resort and other facilities. Recently, Tahoe Donner Ski Resort opened Candyland Terrain Park. Squaw Valley now offers a Half Pipe and they host national events there. These ski Resorts are only a short drive from Reno.

In more recent years, the city has gained some notoriety as the subject of the comedy series Reno 911! (which is not, however, filmed in the city).

Environmental factors

View of Lake Tahoe from a Diamond Peak ski lift

Wetlands are an important part of the Reno/Tahoe area. They act as a natural filter for the solids that come out of the water treatment plant. Plant roots absorb nutrients from the water and naturally filter it. Wetlands are home for over 75% of the species in the Great Basin. However, the area's wetlands are at risk of being destroyed due to development around the city. While developers build on top of the wetlands they fill them with dirt destroying the habitat they create for the plants and animals. Washoe county has devised a plan that will help protect these ecosystems: Mitigation. In the future, when developers try to build over a wetland, they will be responsible for creating another wetland near Washoe Lake.

The Truckee River serves as Reno's primary source of drinking water. It supplies Reno with 80 million U.S. gallons (300 Ml) of water a day during the summer, and 40 million U.S. gallons (150 Ml) of water per day in the winter. Before the water goes to the homes around the Reno area, it must go to one of two water treatment plants, Chalk Bluff or Glendale Water Treatment Plant. As an attempt to save water, golf courses in Reno, like Arrow Creek Golf Course, have been using treated effluent water instead of treated water from one of Reno's water plants.

The Reno-Sparks wastewater treatment plant discharges tertiary treated effluent to the Truckee River. In the 1990s this capacity was increased from 20 to 30 million U.S. gallons (70 to 110 million liters) per day. While treated, the effluent contains suspended solids, nitrogen, and phosphorus, aggravating water quality concerns of the river and its receiving waters of Pyramid Lake. Local agencies working with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have developed a number of watershed management strategies to accommodate this expanded effluent discharge; to accomplish this successful outcome, the DSSAM Model was developed and calibrated for the Truckee River in order to analyze the most cost effective available management strategy set.^[11] The resulting management strategies included a package of measures such as land use controls in the Lake Tahoe basin, urban runoff controls in Reno and Sparks and best management practices for wastewater discharge.

Geology

For more details on this topic, see Reno earthquakes of 2008.

Reno is situated just east of the Sierra Nevada on the western edge of the Great Basin at an elevation of about 4,400 feet (1,300 m) above sea level. Numerous faults exist throughout the region. Most of these are normal (vertical motion) faults associated with the uplift of the various mountain ranges, including the Sierra Nevada mountain range.

In February 2008, an unusual earthquake swarm began to occur with some quakes registering between 4 and 4.5 on the Richter magnitude scale. The earthquakes were centered around the Somersett community in Western Reno near the areas of Mogul and Verdi. Many homes in these areas were damaged.^[12]

Climate

Reno sits in the rain shadow of the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range. Annual rainfall averages 7.48 inches (190 mm). Despite this low amount of rainfall per year, Reno features a steppe climate due to its low evapotranspiration. Annual precipitation has ranged from 1.55 inches (39.4 mm) in 1947 to 13.23 inches (336.0 mm) in 1983. The most precipitation in one month was 5.25 inches (133.4 mm) in December 1955 and the most precipitation in 24 hours was 2.29 inches (58.2 mm) on January 21, 1943. Winter has snowfall which is usually light to moderate but can be heavy some days, averaging 23.8 inches (60 cm) annually. Snowfall varies with the lowest amounts (roughly 19–23 inches annually) at the lowest part of the valley at and east of the Reno/Tahoe International airport at 4404 feet, while the foothills of the Carson range to the west ranging from 4700 to 5600 just a few miles west of downtown can receive up to 2–3 times as much annual snowfall. The mountains of the Virginia range to the east can receive more summer thunderstorms and precipitation, and around twice as much annual snowfall above 5500 feet. However, Snowfall increases up in the Virginia Range are less dramatic as elevation climbs than the Carson Range to the West because the Virginia Range is well within the Rain Shadow of the Sierra Nevada and Carson range. The most snowfall in one year was 63.8 inches (162 cm) in 1971 and the most snowfall in one month was 29.0 inches (74 cm) in March 1952. Most rainfall occurs in winter and spring. The city has 300 days of sunshine per year. Summer thunderstorms can occur between April and October. The eastern side of town and the mountains east of Reno tend to be prone to thunderstorms more often and these storms may be severe because an afternoon downslope west wind, called a "Washoe Zephyr", can develop in the Sierra Nevada, causing air to be pulled down in the Sierra Nevada and Reno, destroying or preventing thunderstorms but the same wind can push air upwards against the Virginia range and other mountain ranges east of Reno, creating powerful thunderstorms. Nevada's climate is unpredictable at times.^[13][14]

Summer highs are in the low to mid 90s °F (32–36 °C), but temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) occur. The July high daytime temperature peaks at an averages 93 °F (33.9 °C); the night low 52 °F (11.1 °C); while January high daytime temperatures average 45 °F (7.2 °C) and low night temperatures average 21 °F (−6.1 °C). The record high temperature was 108 °F (42 °C) on July 10 and 11, 2002. The record low temperature was −19 °F (−28 °C) on January 8, 1890.^[15] In addition, the region is windy throughout the year; observers such as Mark Twain have commented about the "Washoe Zephyr", northwestern Nevada's distinctive wind.

Climate data for Reno, Nevada
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °F (°C)	71 (22)	75 (24)	83 (28)	89 (32)	97 (36)	103 (39)	108 (42)	105 (41)	101 (38)	91 (33)	77 (25)	70 (21)	108 (42)
Average high °F (°C)	45.5 (7.5)	51.7 (10.9)	57.2 (14.0)	64.1 (17.8)	72.6 (22.6)	82.8 (28.2)	91.2 (32.9)	89.9 (32.2)	81.7 (27.6)	69.9 (21.1)	55.3 (12.9)	46.4 (8.0)	67.4
Average low °F (°C)	21.8 (−5.7)	25.4 (−3.7)	29.3 (−1.5)	33.2 (0.7)	40.2 (4.6)	46.5 (8.1)	51.4 (10.8)	49.9 (9.9)	43.1 (6.2)	34.0 (1.1)	26.4 (−3.1)	20.7 (−6.3)	35.2
Record low °F (°C)	−16 (−27)	−16 (−27)	−3 (−19)	13 (−11)	16 (−9)	25 (−4)	33 (1)	24 (−4)	20 (−7)	8 (−13)	1 (−17)	−16 (−27)	−16 (−27)
Precipitation inches (mm)	1.06 (26.9)	1.06 (26.9)	.86 (21.8)	.35 (8.9)	.62 (15.7)	.47 (11.9)	.24 (6.1)	.27 (6.9)	.45 (11.4)	.42 (10.7)	.80 (20)	.88 (22.4)	7.48 (190)
Snowfall inches (cm)	4.9 (12.4)	5.4 (13.7)	3.3 (8.4)	.9 (2.3)	.7 (1.8)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	.5 (1.3)	3.1 (7.9)	4.4 (11.2)	23.3 (59.2)
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)	6.9	7.0	6.8	3.9	4.3	3.6	2.0	2.1	3.3	3.3	5.0	5.4	53.6
Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)	4.3	3.5	3.2	1.4	.6	0	0	0	0	.4	1.8	3.3	18.5
Sunshine hours	195.3	206.2	291.4	333.0	375.1	393.0	424.7	390.6	345.0	294.5	213.0	186.0	3,647.8
Source no. 1: NOAA[16] (sun only, 1961–1990)
Source no. 2: HKO[17] Source no. 3: The Weather Channel[18]

Government

Reno has a democratic municipal government. The city council is the core of the government, with seven members. Five of these council people represent districts of Reno, and are vetted in the primary by the citizens of each district.

In general, the top two vote earners in each ward make the ballot for the city-wide election.

The other two members are the at-large, who represent the entire city, and the mayor, who is elected by the people of the city. The council has several duties, including setting priorities for the city, promoting communication with the public, planning development, and redevelopment.

There is an elected city attorney who is responsible for civil and criminal cases. The City Attorney represents the city government in court, and prosecutes misdemeanors.

The city's charter calls for a council-manager form of government, meaning that the council appoints only two positions, the city manager, who implements and enforces the policies and programs the council approves, and the city clerk.

The city manager in charge of the budget and workforce for all city programs. The city clerk, who records the proceedings of the council, makes appointments for the council, and makes sure efficient copying and printing services are available.

In 2010, there was a ballot question asking whether the Reno city government and the Washoe County government should explore the idea of becoming one combined governmental body.^[19] 54% of voters approved of the ballot measure to make an inquiry into consolidating the governments.^[20]

Education

Universities and colleges

An older picture showing part of the University of Nevada, Reno campus in the foreground

• The University of Nevada, Reno is the oldest university in the state of Nevada and Nevada System of Higher Education. In 1886, the state university, previously only a college preparatory school, moved from Elko in remote northeastern Nevada to a site north of downtown Reno, where it became a full-fledged state college. The university grew slowly over the decades, but has begun to expand rapidly along with the rest of the state and currently has an enrollment of 16,867^[21], with most students hailing from within Nevada. Among its specialties are mining engineering, agriculture, journalism, business, and one of only two Basque Studies programs in the nation. It houses the National Judicial College. The university was also named one of the top 200 colleges in the nation in the most recent U.S. News and World Report National Universities category index.
• Truckee Meadows Community College (TMCC) is a regionally accredited, two year institution which is part of the Nevada System of Higher Education. The college has an enrollment of approximately 13,000 students attending classes at a primary campus and four satellite centers. The college offers a wide range of academic and university transfer programs, occupational training, career enhancement workshops, and classes just for fun. TMCC offers associate of arts, associate of science, associate of applied science or associate of general studies degrees, one-year certificates, or certificates of completion in more than 50 career fields, including architecture, auto/diesel mechanics, criminal justice, dental hygiene, graphic design, musical theatre, nursing, and welding.
• The Nevada School of Law at Old College located in Reno was the first law school established in the state of Nevada. Its doors were open from 1981–1988.
• Career College of Northern Nevada (CCNN) is a nationally accredited trade school that trains students in technical fields that support fast growing industries. The college is locally owned and operated. Employer advisory boards direct the college in order to provide skill training that is relevant to industry needs.
• University of Phoenix – Northern Nevada Campus is located in south Reno. The university faculty is a collection business and academic professionals from the local Reno area.
• Morrison University is located in the south side of Reno.
• Sierra Nevada College

Public schools

Public education is provided by the Washoe County School District.

• Reno has eleven public high schools: Damonte Ranch, Galena, Hug, McQueen, North Valleys, Regional Technical Institute (RTI), Reno, Truckee Meadows Community College High School,^[22] Washoe, and Wooster.
• There are three public high schools in neighboring Sparks, attended by many students who live in Reno: Reed, Spanish Springs, and Sparks High School.
• Reno-Sparks has 13 middle schools: Billinghurst, Clayton, Cold Springs, Kendyl Depoali, Dilworth, Mendive, O'Brien, Pine, Shaw (Spanish Springs),Sparks, Swope, Trainer, and Vaughn.
• Reno-Sparks has 64 elementary schools: Allen, Anderson, Beasley, Jesse Beck, Bennett, Booth, Brown, Cannan, Caughlin Ranch, Corbett, Desert Heights, Diedrichsen, Dodson, Donner Springs, Double Diamond, Drake, Duncan, Dunn, Elmcrest, Gomes, Grace Warner, Greenbrae, Hidden Valley, Huffaker, Hunsberger, Hunter Lake, Jesse Hall, Johnson, Juniper, Lemmon Valley, Elizabeth Lenz, Lincoln Park, Echo Loder, Mathews, Maxwell, Melton, Mitchell, Moss, Mount Rose, Natchez, Palmer, Peavine, Picollo Special Education School, Pleasant Valley, Risley, Roy Gomm, Sepulveda, Sierra Vista, Silver Lake, Alice Smith, Kate Smith, Smithridge, Spanish Springs, Stead, Sun Valley, Taylor, Towles, Van Gorder, Verdi [pronounced VUR-die], Veterans Memorial, Warner, Westergard, Whitehead and Sarah Winnemucca. (some schools included on this list are in Sparks)

Public charter schools

Reno has many charter schools, which include: Academy for Career Education, serving grades 10–12, opened 2002.^[23] Bailey Charter Elementary School, serving grades K-6, opened 2001.^[24] Coral Academy of Science, serving grades K-12, opened 2000.^[25] Davidson Academy, serving grades 6–12, opened 2006.^[26] High Desert Montessori School, serving grades PreK-7, opened 2002. I Can Do Anything Charter School, serving grades 9–12, opened 2000. Rainshadow Community Charter High School, serving grades 9–12, opened 2003.^[27] Sierra Nevada Academy Charter School, serving grades PreK-8, opened 1999. TEAM A (Together Everyone Achieves More Academy), serving grades 9–12, opened 2004.^[28] Alpine Academy Charter High School, serving grades 9–12, opened 2009. ^[29]

Private schools

Reno has a few private elementary schools such as Legacy Christian School, Excel Christian School, and Lamplight Christian School^[30] as well as private high schools, the largest of which are Bishop Manogue High School^[31] and Sage Ridge School (SRS).^[32]

Libraries

Washoe County Library System has locations throughout Reno and its surrounding communities.

Economy

Downtown Reno, including the city's famous arch over Virginia Street at night.

Before the late 1950s, Reno was the gambling capital of the United States, but in the last twenty years Las Vegas' rapid growth, American Airlines' 2000 buyout of Reno Air and the growth of Indian gambling gaming in California have somewhat reduced its business. Older casinos were either torn down (Mapes Hotel, Fitzgerald's Nevada Club, Primadonna, Horseshoe Club, Harold's Club, Palace Club) and smaller casinos like the Comstock, Sundowner, Golden Phoenix, Kings Inn, Money Tree, Virginian, and Riverboat closed, and some converted to condos.

Because of geographical proximity, Reno has traditionally drawn the majority of its California tourists and gamblers from the San Francisco Bay Area and Sacramento, while Las Vegas has historically served more tourists from Southern California and the Phoenix area.

Several local large hotel casinos have shown significant growth and have moved gaming further away from the Virginia Street core. These larger hotel casinos are the Atlantis, the Peppermill and the Grand Sierra Resort. The Peppermill was chosen as the most outstanding Reno gaming/hotel property by Casino Player and Nevada magazines. In 2005, the Peppermill Hotel Casino began a $300 million dollar Tuscan-themed expansion.

In an effort to bring more tourism to the area, Reno holds several events throughout the year, most of which have been extremely successful. They include Hot August Nights^[33] (a classic car convention), Street Vibrations (a motorcycle fan gathering and rally), The Great Reno Balloon Race, the Best in the West Nugget Rib Cook-off (held in Sparks), a Cinco de Mayo celebration, bowling tournaments (held in the National Bowling Stadium), and the Reno Air Races.

Several large commercial developments were constructed during the mid-2000s boom, such as The Summit in 2007 and Legends at Sparks Marina in 2008.

Reno is the location of the corporate headquarters for numerous companies, including Braeburn Capital, Hamilton, Port of Subs, PC-Doctor, and International Game Technology, which manufactures slot machines. Bally Technologies and GameTech have development and manufacturing presence in Reno.

Demographics

Historical populations
Census	Pop.		%±
1870	1,035		—
1880	1,362		31.6%
1890	3,563		161.6%
1900	4,500		26.3%
1910	10,867		141.5%
1920	12,016		10.6%
1930	18,529		54.2%
1940	21,317		15.0%
1950	32,497		52.4%
1960	51,470		58.4%
1970	72,863		41.6%
1980	100,756		38.3%
1990	133,850		32.8%
2000	180,480		34.8%
2010	225,221		24.8%
source:[1][34]

As of the census^[35] of 2000, there were 180,480 people, 73,904 households, and 41,681 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,008.3 per square mile (2,611.4/km²). There were 79,453 housing units at an average density of 1,149.6 per square mile (443.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 77.5% White, 2.6% African American, 1.3% Native American, 5.3% Asian, 0.6% Pacific Islander, 9.3% from other races, and 3.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 19.2% of the population. Mexican Americans made up 29.0% of the city's population.^[36]

There were 73,904 households out of which 27.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.5% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.6% were non-families. 32.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the city the population was spread out with 23.2% under the age of 18, 11.8% from 18 to 24, 31.5% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 104.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $40,530, and the median income for a family was $49,582. Males had a median income of $33,204 versus $26,763 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,520. About 8.3% of families and 12.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.3% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over.

^[37] The population was 180,480 at the 2000 census; in 2008, its population was estimated at 217,016, making it the fourth-largest city in the state after Las Vegas, Henderson and North Las Vegas, and the largest outside of Clark County.^[1] Reno lies 26 miles (42 km) north of the Nevada state capital, Carson City, and 22 miles (35 km) northeast of Lake Tahoe in a shrub-steppe. Reno shares its eastern border with the city of Sparks and is the larger of the principal cities of the Reno-Sparks, Nevada Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), a metropolitan area that covers Storey and Washoe counties.^[38] The MSA had a combined population of 342,885 at the 2000 census.^[35] The MSA is combined with the Fernley Micropolitan Statistical Area to form the Reno-Sparks-Fernley Combined Statistical Area,^[39] which had a total population of 377,386 at the 2000 census.^[35]

Transportation

Reno Skyline

I-80 in Downtown Reno

Roads

Reno was historically served by the Victory Highway and a branch of the Lincoln Highway. After the formation of U.S. Highways, U.S. Route 40 was historically routed along 4th street through downtown Reno, before being replaced with Interstate 80. The primary north-south highway through Reno is U.S. Route 395.

Regional Transportation Commission of Washoe County (RTC) has a bus system that provides intracity buses, intercity buses to Carson City, and an on-demand shuttle service for disabled persons.^[40] The bus system has its main terminal on 4th Street in downtown Reno and secondary terminals in Sparks and at Meadowood Mall in south Reno.

Numerous shuttle and excursion services are offered connecting the Reno-Tahoe International Airport to various destinations:

• South Tahoe Express provides connecting shuttle service to South Lake Tahoe Resorts.
• Eastern Sierra Transit Authority provides shuttles to destinations south along the U.S. Route 395 corridor in California, such as Mammoth Mountain and Lancaster
• Modoc Sage Stage provides shuttles to Alturas and Susanville, along the northern US 395 corridor.

Railroads

Reno was historically a stopover along the First Transcontinental Railroad, the modern Overland Route continues to run through Reno. Reno was historically the southern terminus of the Nevada-California-Oregon Railway (NCO) and the northern terminus of the Virginia and Truckee Railroad. Using the NCO depot and right of way, the Western Pacific Railroad historically provided rail service to Reno. Downtown Reno has two historic train depots, the inactive Nevada-California-Oregon Railroad Depot and the still active Amtrak depot, originally built by the Southern Pacific Railroad.

Amtrak provides daily passenger service to Reno via the California Zephyr and multiple Amtrak Thruway Motorcoaches connecting to trains departing from Sacramento, California.

Air

The city is served by Reno/Tahoe International Airport, with general aviation traffic handled by Reno Stead Airport. Reno/Tahoe International Airport is the second busiest commercial airport in the state of Nevada after McCarran International Airport in Las Vegas. Reno was the hub and headquarters of the defunct airline Reno Air.

Utilities

Potable water for the City of Reno is provided by the Truckee Meadows Water Authority. The Truckee River is the primary water source, with the purification being done at two plants, Chalk Bluff and Glendale. The Chalk Bluff plant main intakes are west of Reno in Verdi, with the water flowing through a series of flumes and ditches to the plant itself. Alternative intakes are located below the plant along the banks of the Truckee River itself. The Glendale plant is sited alongside the river, and is fed by a rock and concrete rubble diversion dam a short distance upstream.^[41]

Sewage treatment for the majority of the Truckee Meadows takes place at the Truckee Meadows Water Reclamation Facility at the eastern edge of the valley. Treated effluent returns to the Truckee River by way of Steamboat Creek.^[42]

Electrical power and natural gas are provided by NV Energy, formerly Sierra Pacific. Power comes from multiple sources, including Tracy-Clark Station to the east, and the Steamboat Springs binary cycle power plants at the southern end of town.

Sports

Reno Events Center

Reno is home to the Reno Aces, the minor league baseball Triple-A affiliate of the Arizona Diamondbacks, and plays in Aces Ballpark, a downtown ballpark opened in 2009. Reno has hosted multiple semi-professional baseball teams in the past, most under the Reno Silver Sox name. The Reno Astros, a semi-pro unaffiliated baseball team plays at Moana Stadium.

In basketball, the Reno Bighorns, a 2008 expansion of the NBA Development League, plays at the Reno Events Center.^[43]

Reno is host to both amateur and professional combat sporting events such as mixed-martial arts and boxing. The "Fight of the Century" between Jack Johnson and James J. Jeffries was held in Reno in 1910.^[44] Boxer Ray Mancini fought four of his last five fights in Reno against Bobby Chacon, Livingstone Bramble, Hector Camacho, and Greg Haugen.^[45]

Reno is expected to be the future home of an ECHL ice hockey team, currently named the Reno Raiders, but construction on a suitable arena has yet to begin as of the 2010–2011 season. The franchise has been dormant since 1998, when it was named the Reno Rage, and earlier the Reno Renegades, and played in the now defunct West Coast Hockey League (WCHL).

The Reno-Tahoe Open is northern Nevada’s only PGA TOUR event, held at Montrêux Golf & Country Club in Reno. As part of the FedEx Cup, the tournament follows 132 PGA TOUR professionals competing for a share of the event’s $3 million purse. The Reno-Tahoe Open Foundation has donated more than $1.8 Million to local charities.

Reno has a college sports scene, with the Nevada Wolf Pack appearing in football bowl games and an Associated Press Top Ten ranking in basketball in 2007.

Reno Whitewater Festival at the whitewater park in Reno

In 2004, the city completed a $1.5 million whitewater park on the Truckee River in downtown Reno which hosts whitewater events throughout the year. The course runs Class 2 and 3 rapids with year-round public access. The 1,400-foot (430 m) north channel features more aggressive rapids, drop pools and "holes" for rodeo kayak-type maneuvers. The milder 1,200 ft (370 m) south channel is set up as a kayak slalom course and a beginner area.

Reno is home to two roller derby teams, the Battle Born Derby Demons and the Reno Roller Girls.^[46] The Battle Born Derby Demons compete on flat tracks locally and nationally. They are the only Derby team locally to compete in a national Derby league.

Reno is the home of the National Bowling Stadium, which hosts the United States Bowling Congress (USBC) Open Championships every three years.

2022 Winter Olympics bid

Main article: 2022 Winter Olympics

The resort region around Lake Tahoe on the California-Nevada borders have formed the Reno-Tahoe Winter Games Coalition to make a bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics. They cited the airport, close mountains, and compact geographic area in which the games could be held. Squaw Valley Ski Resort, which hosted the 1960 Winter Olympics, is considered a major advantage to the bid.^[47]

Recreation

Winter Ski slopes overlooking Lake Tahoe

Reno is home to a variety of recreation activities including both seasonal and year-round. In the summer, Reno locals can be found near three major bodies of water: Lake Tahoe, the Truckee River, and Pyramid Lake. The Truckee River originates at Lake Tahoe and flows west to east through the center of downtown Reno before terminating at Pyramid Lake to the north. The river is a major part of Artown, held in the summer at Wingfield Park. Washoe Lake is a popular kite and windsurf location because of its high wind speeds during the summer.

Skiing and snowboarding are among the most popular winter sports and draw in many tourists. There are 18 ski resorts^[48] (8 major resorts), including Northstar-at-Tahoe, Sierra-at-Tahoe, Alpine Meadows, Squaw Valley Ski Resort, Sugar Bowl, Diamond Peak, Heavenly Mountain Resort, and Mount Rose Ski Resort located as close as eleven miles (18 km) and as far as ninety-eight miles from the Reno-Tahoe International Airport. Other popular Reno winter activities include snowshoeing, ice skating, and snowmobiling. There are many bike paths to ride in the summer time. International bike competitions are held in Lake Tahoe over the summer time.

Culture

• Artown
• National Automobile Museum
• Nevada Museum of Art
• Nevada Shakespeare Company
• Pioneer Center For Performing Arts
• Reno Philharmonic Orchestra
• Reno Pops Orchestra
• University of Nevada, Reno Arboretum
• Wilbur D. May Arboretum and Botanical Garden

Notable residents

• Mädchen Amick – Actress
• Chris Ault – Hall of Fame NCAA Football coach, currently coaches the Wolf Pack football team.
• Luke Babbitt – Basketball player for the Portland Trail Blazers
• Shannon Bahrke – silver medalist 2002 Winter Olympics, bronze medalist 2010 Winter Olympics, and 2003 World Cup champion
• Brent Boyd – Offensive lineman for the Minnesota Vikings
• Chris Carr – kick returner and nickleback for the Baltimore Ravens.
• Chino XL – Rapper; owns a residence in Reno
• Walter Van Tilburg Clark – Author of The Ox-Bow Incident
• Doug Clifford – Creedence Clearwater Revival drummer.
• Joe Flanigan – Actor.
• Rudy Galindo – Figure skater
• Bud Gaugh – Drummer of the Band Sublime
• Jim Gibbons – Governor and member of the United States House of Representatives from Nevada.
• Mark Gilmartin – Golfer, Entrepreneur
• Curtis Hanson – Producer-director of 8 Mile, L.A. Confidential, The Hand That Rocks the Cradle, and others.
• Jennifer Harman – American professional poker player.
• Wilder W. Hartley (1901–70), Los Angeles City Council member, 1939–41, born in Reno
• Terri Ivens – Soap opera actress on All My Children
• Armon Johnson – Basketball player for the Portland Trail Blazers
• Mark Kotsay – Professional baseball player
• Mills Lane – Former boxing referee and District Judge and a television personality on Judge Mills Lane.
• Paul Laxalt – Governor and U.S. Senator from Nevada
• Greg London – Multiple award winning entertainer. Greg London Day July 30, 2009 Proclamation by Reno Mayor, Bob Cashell.
• Dana MacDuff – film producer, Oakdale Pictures
• April Meservy – Singer-songwriter
• Rich Marotta – Boxing commentator, Los Angeles radio personality
• Randy Messenger – Professional Baseball Player.
• Carl Ravazza - Bandleader and talent agent
• Chuck Ruff – Edgar Winter Group drummer
• Jason-Shane Scott – Soap actor
• Shannyn Sossamon – Actress of A Knight's Tale and 40 Days and 40 Nights.
• Sharon Stone – Actress
• Willy Vlautin – author and musician^[49]
• J. Buzz Von Ornsteiner – Forensic Psychologist/Television personality
• Dawn Wells – Miss Nevada 1959 – Actress on TV series Gilligan's Island.
• Kristi Yamaguchi – Figure skater and Olympic Gold Medalist Albertville 1992
• Kimberley Conrad – Playboy's Playmate of the year (1989) and Hugh Hefner's ex-wife.

Reno in media

Movies filmed in Reno include:

The Cooler[50] Magnolia[51] Hard Eight[52] Charley Varrick[53] Desert Hearts[54] The Wizard[55] Jinxed![56] The Misfits[56] Kingpin[57]

...All the Marbles[58] Pink Cadillac[56] Diamonds[59] Sister Act[60] Father's Day[61] Waking Up in Reno[62] Austin Powers in Goldmember[63] Jane Austen's Mafia! 40 Pounds of Trouble

California Split[64] Up Close & Personal[65] The Pledge[66] Kill Me Again[65] The Last Don[67] Double Down Ocean's Eleven (Original)[8]

Andy Hardy's Blonde Trouble[68] Blind Fury[69] Melvin and Howard Mr. Belvedere Goes to College[70] Scarecrow[71] Wild Is the Wind Born to Kill (1947 film)[72]

Sister cities

Reno has six sister cities:^[73]

• Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada
• Hatzor, Israel
• Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
• Udonthani, Thailand
• Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
• Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
• Nalchik, Russia

Wanganui, New Zealand was a sister city from 1974 to 2009.^[74]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} "7/1/2008 Subcounty Estimates File: Nevada 2000–2008" (CSV). United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 18, 2009. http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/files/SUB-EST2008-32.csv. Retrieved September 21, 2009. 
2. ^ U.S. Census information
3. ^ "World Gazetteer: Reno – profile of geographical entity including name variants". http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-3784&srt=pnan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&geo=466350018. Retrieved November 4, 2009. 
4. ^ Brauman, Sharon K. (October 6, 2004). "North Fork petroglyphs". ucnrs.org. http://sagehen.ucnrs.org/CSFRS/petros.htm. Retrieved August 15, 2008. 
5. ^ Guy Louis Rocha, "Reno's First Robber Baron," Nevada Magazine 40,2(March–April 1980), p. 28.
6. ^ Reno, Nevada travel guide from Wikitravel
7. ^ ReviewJournal.com – News – Gold hits record high
8. ^ ^{a b c} Barber, Alicia (2008). Reno's big gamble: image and reputation in the biggest little city. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 9780700615940. 
9. ^ "High-priced housing faces risks". USA Today. August 17, 2005. http://www.usatoday.com/money/perfi/housing/2005-08-17-housing-valuations.htm. Retrieved May 22, 2010. 
10. ^ rsr_2007.qxd
11. ^ C. Michael Hogan, Marc Papineau et al. 1987. Development of a dynamic water quality simulation model for the Truckee River, Earth Metrics Inc., Environmental Protection Agency Technology Series, Washington D.C.
12. ^ Ashley Powers; Thomas H. Maugh II. "Swarm of earthquakes shakes Reno area". Los Angeles Times. http://www.azcentral.com/news/articles/2008/04/30/20080430renoquakes0430-ON.html. Retrieved August 27, 2008. 
13. ^ %7CReno Tahoe Visitors website "Reno, NV". http://www.visitrenotahoe.com/destination/reno %7CReno Tahoe Visitors website. Retrieved June 1, 2010. 
14. ^ Google Books
15. ^ National Weather Service website (www.weather.gov)
16. ^ "Climatography of the United States No. 20 (1971–2000)" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. July 2011. http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim20/nv/266779.pdf. Retrieved May 18, 2010. 
17. ^ "Climatological Normals of Reno". Hong Kong Observatory. http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/n_america/us/Reno_e.htm. Retrieved May 18, 2010. 
18. ^ "Average Weather for Reno, NV" (Line Graph). The Weather Channel Interactive. June 2011. http://www.weather.com/outlook/health/fitness/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USNV0076. Retrieved June 19, 2011. 
19. ^ Voyles, Susan (October 24, 2010). "Combining local governments is questioned on ballot issue". Reno Gazette-Journal. http://www.rgj.com/article/20101024/NEWS19/10240345/1321/news. 
20. ^ "Election Results: Nevada". The New York Times. http://elections.nytimes.com/2010/results/nevada. Retrieved November 3, 2010. 
21. ^ "University of Nevada, Reno General Information". U.S. University Directory. http://www.stateuniversity.com/universities/NV/University_of_Nevada_Reno.html. Retrieved 6 September 2011. 
22. ^ TMCC High School
23. ^ ACE High School
24. ^ School Brief
25. ^ Coral Academy of Science
26. ^ Official Site
27. ^ Rainshadow Community Charter High School
28. ^ "TEAM A Official Site". Teammartialartsacademy. http://www.teammartialartsacademy.com/about.html. Retrieved August 12, 2010. 
29. ^ http://alpineacademy.net/
30. ^ Lamplight Christian School
31. ^ Bishop Manogue Catholic High School – Home
32. ^ Sage Ridge School
33. ^ "Hot August Nights". Hot August Nights. http://www.hotaugustnights.net/. Retrieved August 12, 2010. 
34. ^ Moffatt, Riley. Population History of Western U.S. Cities & Towns, 1850–1990. Lanham: Scarecrow, 1996, 158.
35. ^ ^{a b c} "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
36. ^ Facfinder.census.gov
37. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx. Retrieved 2011-06-07. 
38. ^ Metropolitan statistical areas and components, Office of Management and Budget, May 11, 2007. Retrieved July 30, 2008.
39. ^ Combined statistical areas and component core based statistical areas, Office of Management and Budget, May 11, 2007. Retrieved July 30, 2008.
40. ^ "RTC Washoe". RTC Washoe. http://www.rtcwashoe.com/public-transportation-5. Retrieved August 12, 2010. 
41. ^ "Truckee Meadows Water Authority". http://www.tmh2o.com/. 
42. ^ "Truckee Meadows Water Reclamation Facility". http://www.tmwrf.com/. 
43. ^ NBA Development League: The D-League Expands to Reno
44. ^ Borrowman, Shane (May/June 2010). "Celebrating Jack Johnson". Nevada Magazine. http://www.nevadamagazine.com/index.php/issues/read/celebrating_jack_johnson/. Retrieved 2011-04-11. 
45. ^ "Ray Mancini-Boxer". http://boxrec.com/list_bouts.php?human_id=001639&cat=boxer. Retrieved 2011-04-11. 
46. ^ Daniel Riggs (2008). "There are two roller derby organizations in Reno—and don’t ever make the mistake of confusing one for the other". newsreview.com. http://www.newsreview.com/reno/content?oid=871024. Retrieved August 14, 2010. 
47. ^ Reno-Taho 2018 Bid Competitive-GamesBids.com 9.20.07
48. ^ "About Reno-Sparks". Reno Sparks Chamber of Commerce. http://www.reno-sparkschamber.org/visitation.htm. Retrieved 3 September 2011. 
49. ^ "Bio". Willy Vlautin. http://www.willyvlautin.com/bio. Retrieved August 12, 2010. 
50. ^ Benson, Sara (2008). Lonely Planet Las Vegas City Guide. Lonely Planet. p. 24. ISBN 9781741046779. 
51. ^ DuVal.(2002) p.117
52. ^ DuVal.(2002) p.79
53. ^ DuVal, Gary (2002). The Nevada filmography: nearly 600 works made in the state, 1897 through 2000. McFarland. p. 38. ISBN 9780786412716. 
54. ^ DuVal.(2002) p.51
55. ^ Catalano, Grace (1991). Fred Savage: Totally Awesome. Bantam Books. p. 71. ISBN 9780553288582. 
56. ^ ^{a b c} Land, Barbara; Myrick Land (1995). A short history of Reno. Reno, Nevada: University of Nevada Press. p. 67. ISBN 9780874172621. 
57. ^ Didinger, Ray; Glen Macnow (2009). The Ultimate Book of Sports Movies: Featuring the 100 Greatest Sports Films of All Time. Running Press. p. 216. ISBN 9780762435487. 
58. ^ DuVal.(2002) p.11
59. ^ Maltin, Leonard (2008). Leonard Maltin's 2009 Movie Guide. Penguin. p. 351. ISBN 9780452289789. 
60. ^ Turan, Kenneth (2006). Now in theaters everywhere: a celebration of a certain kind of blockbuster. PublicAffairs. p. 149. ISBN 9781586483951. 
61. ^ DuVal.(2002) p.19
62. ^ Bleiler, David (2003). Tla Video & Dvd Guide 2004: The Discerning Film Lover's Guide. Macmillan. p. 655. ISBN 9780312316860. 
63. ^ D'Arc, James V. (2010). When Hollywood Came to Town. Gibbs Smith. p. 302. ISBN 9781423605874. 
64. ^ DuVal.(2002) p.13
65. ^ ^{a b} DuVal.(2002) p.177
66. ^ McDougal, Dennis (2008). Five easy decades: how Jack Nicholson became the biggest movie star in modern times. John Wiley and Son. p. 371. ISBN 9780471722465. 
67. ^ DuVal.(2002) p.107
68. ^ DuVal.(2002) p.5
69. ^ Emery, Robert J. (2003). The directors: take four. Allworth Communications, Inc.. p. 73. ISBN 9781581152791. 
70. ^ DuVal.(2002) p.125
71. ^ DuVal.(2002) p.220
72. ^ DuVal.(2002) p.25
73. ^ Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI)
74. ^ Wood, Simon (February 26, 2009). "Laws questions value of sister city relationship". Wanganui Chronicle. Archived from the original on March 13, 2009. http://www.webcitation.org/5fEF8lnkj. 

External links

Nevada portal

• City of Reno
• Reno-Sparks Convention and Visitors Authority (RSCVA)
• Reno, Nevada at the Open Directory Project