Land use

:"'Land use' is also often used to refer to the distinct land use types in Zoning."Land use is the human modification of natural environment or wilderness into built environment such as fields, pastures, and settlements. The major effect of land use on land cover since 1750 has been deforestation of temperate regions. [ [http://ipcc-wg1.ucar.edu/wg1/Report/AR4WG1_Pub_Ch02.pdf Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change] ] More recent significant effects of land use include urban sprawl, soil erosion, soil degradation, salinization, and desertification. [ [http://unstats.un.org/unsd/ENVIRONMENT/envpdf/landdatafinal.pdf UN Land Degradation and Land Use/Cover Data Sources] ret. 26 June 2007] Land-use change, together with use of fossil fuels, are the major anthropogenic sources of carbon dioxide, a dominant greenhouse gas. [ [http://www.ipcc.ch/SPM2feb07.pdf UN Report on Climate Change] retrieved 25 June 2007] It has also been defined as "the total of arrangements, activities, and inputs that people undertake in a certain land cover type" (FAO, 1997a; FAO/UNEP, 1999). [ [http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc/land_use/045.htm IPCC Special Report on Land Use, Land-Use Change And Forestry, 2.2.1.1 Land Use] ]

Municipal land use

Each designation, known as a parcel’s zoning, comes with a list of approved uses that can legally operate on the zoned parcel. These are found in a government’s ordinances or zoning regulations.

Land use and the environment

Land use and land management practices have a major impact on natural resources including water, soil, nutrients, plants and animals. Land use information can be used to develop solutions for natural resource management issues such as salinity and water quality. For instance, water bodies in a region that has been deforested or having erosion will have different water quality than those in areas that are forested.

According to a report by the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organisation, land degradation has been exacerbated where there has been an absence of any land use planning, or of its orderly execution, or the existence of financial or legal incentives that have led to the wrong land use decisions, or one-sided central planning leading to over-utilization of the land resources - for instance for immediate production at all costs. As a consequence the result has often been misery for large segments of the local population and destruction of valuable ecosystems. Such narrow approaches should be replaced by a technique for the planning and management of land resources that is integrated and holistic and where land users are central. This will ensure the long-term quality of the land for human use, the prevention or resolution of social conflicts related to land use, and the conservation of ecosystems of high biodiversity value

United States

In the US, every legal activity must have its place in municipal and county zoning laws. Meaning if an adult entertainment facility can legally operate in a given jurisdiction, then the zoning laws must offer a proper and by-right zone for that business to operate within.

To regulate what can be built where, cities create comprehensive plans and zoning ordinances to create an order to the potential uses of land within their political boundaries. A municipality will spend thousands if not hundreds of thousands of dollars to determine where best to encourage industrial growth, allow residential building and permit commercial activity. These decisions have impacts on land values, safety and community interests. The process of determining what can be built where has become extremely politicized.

Some active community groups wield much strength in the public land use approval process. Politics plays a part in the approval process.

With the approval process being susceptible to public pressure and politics, there is now a subset of political culture known as land use politics.

Patterns of land use arise naturally in a culture through customs and practices, but land use may also be formally regulated by land use planning through zoning and planning permission laws, or by private agreements such as restrictive covenants. For example, the setting aside of wilderness either publicly as a Wilderness Area or privately as a conservation easement.

ee also

* Industrial (disambiguation)
* Building setback
* Easement
* Land Allocation Decision Support System
* Land cover
* Land use forecasting
* Land use, land-use change and forestry
* Planning
* Traffic
* Urbanization
* Variance (land use)

References

External links

* [http://web1.msue.msu.edu/wexford/LU/index.html Schindler's Land Use Page] (Michigan State University Extension Land Use Team)
* [http://www.landpolicy.msu.edu Land Policy Insitute at Michigan State University]