Portal:Chemistry

Wikipedia portals: Culture Geography Health History Mathematics Natural sciences People Philosophy Religion Society Technology edit   The Chemistry Portal Shortcut: P:CHEM Welcome to the chemistry portal. Chemistry is a branch of science. Modern chemistry focuses on the study of elements of the world and the bonds between elements. Chemistry also deals with composition, structure, and properties of substances and the transformations that they undergo. In the study of matter, chemistry also investigates its interactions with energy and itself. Because of the diversity of matter, which is mostly in the form of compounds, chemists often study how atoms of different chemical elements interact to form molecules, and how molecules interact with each other. Portal navigation Featured article - Selected picture - News - Selected biography - History and Philosophy - Techniques - Equipment - Chemistry in society - Chemistry in industry - Periodic Table - Resources - WikiProjects - Things you can do - Collaboration of the month - Related portals - Associated Wikimedia More about chemistry... Show new selections edit   Featured article Helium is a chemical element; its atomic symbol is He. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, and nearly inert monatomic that heads the noble gas series in the periodic table. Its atomic number is 2 and its boiling and melting points are the lowest among the elements. It exists only as a gas except in extreme conditions. Extreme conditions are also needed to create the small handful of helium compounds, which are all unstable at standard temperature and pressure. Its most abundant stable isotope is helium-4 and it has a rare stable isotope, helium-3. The behavior of liquid helium-4's two different states—helium I and helium II—is important to researchers studying quantum mechanics (in particular the phenomenon of superfluidity) and those looking at the effects that near absolute zero temperatures have on matter (such as superconductivity). Helium is the second most abundant element in the known Universe and second lightest element in the periodic table. In the modern Universe almost all new helium is created as a result of the nuclear fusion of hydrogen in stars. On Earth it is created by the radioactive decay of much heavier elements (alpha particles are helium-4 nuclei produced by alpha-decay). After its creation, part of it is trapped with natural gas in concentrations up to 7% by volume. It is extracted from the natural gas by a low temperature separation process called fractional distillation. In 1868 the French astronomer Pierre Janssen first detected helium as an unknown yellow spectral line signature in light from a solar eclipse. (The word helium comes from ancient Greek ἥλιος which is, surprisingly, cognate with the English sun.) Since then large reserves of helium have been found in the natural gas fields of the United States, which is by far the largest supplier of the gas. Helium is used in cryogenics, in deep-sea breathing systems, to cool superconducting magnets, in helium dating, for inflating balloons, for providing lift in airships and as a protective gas for many industrial uses (such as arc welding and growing silicon wafers). Inhaling a small volume of the gas temporarily changes the quality of one's voice. ...Archive/Nominations Read more... edit   Selected picture Credit: Gregory Phillips Labradorite ((Ca,Na)(Al,Si)4O8) is a feldspar mineral of the plagioclase series. Here, a piece of labradorite displays a typical iridescence, termed labradorescence, caused by the refraction of light within the crystal. Gemstone varieties of labradorite exhibit high degrees of iridescence, and are called spectrolites, moonstones or sunstones. ...Archive/Nominations Read more... edit   Categories Fields of Chemistry (books) Analytical chemistry: Chromatography, Spectroscopy Biochemistry: Molecular biology Crystal Chemistry Environmental chemistry: Geochemistry Inorganic chemistry: Inorganic reactions Materials science: Nanotechnology, Glass, Ceramics Medicinal chemistry Nuclear chemistry Organic chemistry: Functional groups, Organic compounds, Organic reactions Organometallic chemistry Pharmacy Physical chemistry: Electrochemistry, Quantum chemistry Polymer chemistry Supramolecular chemistry Theoretical chemistry: Computational chemistry edit   History and Philosophy of Chemistry Many chemists have an interest in the history of chemistry. Those with philosophical interests will be interested that the philosophy of chemistry has quite recently developed along a path somewhat different from the general philosophy of science. Other articles that might interest you are: Superseded chemistry theories Alchemy Scientific method The central science There is a Wikipedia Project on the History of Science and a portal for the philosophy of science. edit   Chemistry Resources Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Data is a collection of links and references that are useful for chemistry-related works. This includes free online chemical databases, publications, patents, computer programs, and various tools. Science is Fun University of Wisconsin–Madison Chemistry Professor Bassam Z. Shakhashiri, shares the fun of science. megaConverter The Web's best place to figure out what equals what. General Chemistry Online Clear text and comprehensive coverage of general chemistry topics by Fred Senese, Dept. of Chemistry Frostburg State University General Chemistry Demonstration at Purdue Video clips (and descriptions) of lecture demonstrations. Intota Chemistry Experts A large online listing of real-world chemistry expert biographies provides examples of the many areas of expertise and careers in chemistry. Chemistry Webercises Directory A large listing of chemistry resources maintained by Steven Murov, Emeritus Chemistry Professor Modesto Junior College. MathMol MathMol (Mathematics and Molecules) is a good starting point for those interested in the field of molecular modeling. Chemistry Educational Resources and Essential References from Wiley, the world's largest chemistry publisher ABC Chemistry A directory of free full-text journals in chemistry, biochemistry and related subjects. The Element Song A goofy little song about all of the elements. Show chemistry resources... edit   In the news 5-10-11 Dan Shechtman was awarded the 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for the discovery of quasicrystals". ...Archive edit   Selected biography Svante Arrhenius (1859-1927) was a Swedish chemist, and one of the founders of the science of physical chemistry. The Arrhenius equation and the lunar crater Arrhenius are named after him. Arrhenius was the first to explain the fact that neither pure salts nor pure water are conductors, but solutions of salts in water are, due to the dissociation of salt into ions. As an extension of this idea, he proposed that acids were substances which produce hydrogen ions in solution, and that bases were substances which produce hydroxide ions in solution. Arrhenius also developed a theory to explain the ice ages, and first formulated the idea that changes in the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could substantially alter the surface temperature through the greenhouse effect. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1903. ...Archive/Nominations Read more... edit   Techniques used by chemists Catalysis - Chromatography - Combustion - Crystallization - Decantation - Distillation - Electrolysis - Extraction - Filtration - Fractionation - Reflux - Spectrometry - Sublimation - Titration edit   Equipment used by chemists Aspirator - Beaker - Boiling tube - Büchner funnel - Bunsen burner - Burette - Calorimeter - Colorimeter - Conical measure - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - Mass Spectrometer - Liquid Chromatography - Gas Chromatography - Crucible - Cuvette - Laboratory flasks (Büchner, Erlenmeyer, Florence, Retort, Round-bottom, Volumetric) - Fume hood - Gas syringe - Graduated cylinder - Perkin triangle - Pipette - Reagent - Separating funnel - Spectrophotometer - Schlenk flask - Soxhlet extractor - Stir bar - Static mixer - Test tube - Thistle tube - Viscometer edit   Chemistry in society Acid rain - Air pollution - Anabolic steroids - Asbestos - Aspartame - Aspirin - CFCs - Cholesterol - Carbohydrates - Carbon dioxide - Chemical warfare - Enzymes - Fat - Fatty acid - Free radicals - Fuel cell - Gasoline - Green chemistry - Hormonal contraception - Insulin - Nuclear fuel - Nuclear fusion - Nylon - Ozone - Paracetamol - Penicillin - Plastic - Psychoactive drugs - Radioactive waste - Smog - Soil contamination - Sugar - Tamiflu - Viagra - Vitamins edit   Chemistry in industry Types of chemical industry: Agrochemicals - Chemical industry - Organometallic chemistry - Oleochemicals - Paints - Petrochemicals - Pharmaceuticals - Polymers Companies: AstraZeneca - Bayer - BP - BASF - Bristol Myers Squibb - Degussa - Dow - DuPont - ExxonMobil - GlaxoSmithKline - The Linde Group - Mitsubishi - Monsanto - Nestlé - OSI - Shell - Sigma-Aldrich - Total edit   WikiProjects Chemistry - Chemicals - Elements - Isotopes - Physical Chemistry - Polymers - Rocks and minerals - Glass - Science - Spectroscopy Other WikiProjects… edit   Periodic Table Group # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Period 1 1 H 2 He 2 3 Li 4 Be 5 B 6 C 7 N 8 O 9 F 10 Ne 3 11 Na 12 Mg 13 Al 14 Si 15 P 16 S 17 Cl 18 Ar 4 19 K 20 Ca 21 Sc 22 Ti 23 V 24 Cr 25 Mn 26 Fe 27 Co 28 Ni 29 Cu 30 Zn 31 Ga 32 Ge 33 As 34 Se 35 Br 36 Kr 5 37 Rb 38 Sr 39 Y 40 Zr 41 Nb 42 Mo 43 Tc 44 Ru 45 Rh 46 Pd 47 Ag 48 Cd 49 In 50 Sn 51 Sb 52 Te 53 I 54 Xe 6 55 Cs 56 Ba * 72 Hf 73 Ta 74 W 75 Re 76 Os 77 Ir 78 Pt 79 Au 80 Hg 81 Tl 82 Pb 83 Bi 84 Po 85 At 86 Rn 7 87 Fr 88 Ra ** 104 Rf 105 Db 106 Sg 107 Bh 108 Hs 109 Mt 110 Ds 111 Rg 112 Cn 113 Uut 114 Uuq 115 Uup 116 Uuh 117 Uus 118 Uuo * Lanthanides (Lanthanoids) 57 La 58 Ce 59 Pr 60 Nd 61 Pm 62 Sm 63 Eu 64 Gd 65 Tb 66 Dy 67 Ho 68 Er 69 Tm 70 Yb 71 Lu ** Actinides (Actinoids) 89 Ac 90 Th 91 Pa 92 U 93 Np 94 Pu 95 Am 96 Cm 97 Bk 98 Cf 99 Es 100 Fm 101 Md 102 No 103 Lr This common arrangement of the periodic table separates the lanthanides (lanthanoids) and actinides (actinoids) (the f-block) from other elements. The wide periodic table incorporates the f-block. The extended periodic table adds the 8th and 9th periods, incorporating the f-block and adding the theoretical g-block. Element categories in the periodic table Metals Metalloids Nonmetals Unknown chemical properties Alkali metals Alkaline earth metals Inner transition metals Transition metals Post-transition metals Other nonmetals Halogens Noble gases Lanthanides Actinides Atomic number colors show state of matter at standard conditions (0 °C and 1 atm): Solids Liquids Gases Unknown Borders show natural occurrence: Primordial From decay Synthetic edit   Things you can do Here are some things you can do: Wikify: Countercurrent chromatography - Protein tyrosine phosphatase - Phase Boundary Catalysis - Lauryl methyl gluceth-10 hydroxypropyl dimonium chloride - Smart polymer - Chempol - Tube ice Copyedit: Integrin - Chempol Update: Podophyllin - Santonin Style: Cocaine - Heroin - Cortisol - more... Cleanup: Ketamine - Nicotinamide - Folic acid - more... Articles needing an expert: Electrolysis - Ethyl nitrate - Iodobenzene - Zwitterion - more... Expand: Absorption (chemistry) - Johannes Thiele (chemist) - Azo coupling Merge: Bragg's law → Bragg diffraction - *Diffusion equilibrium → Molecular diffusion - more... Stubs: Radon difluoride - Uridine - Xanthine oxidase - more... Notability: Iron(II) fluoride - Pamoic acid - Scandium(III) sulfide - more... Peer Review: Uranium - Distillation - Palladium - Alkane - more... Collaborate: Sodium hydroxide Article Requests: Lyophobic colloid - Potentiometric analysis - Strontium chromate - more... Image requests: more... Accuracy disputes: Uranium trioxide - Calcium carbonate - more... edit   Collaboration of the Month The current Chemistry Article Improvement Drive is Sodium hydroxide. Every month a different chemistry-related topic, stub or non-existent article may be picked. 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