List of distinct cell types in the adult human body

List of distinct cell types in the adult human body

There are about 210 distinct human cell types,.[1][2][3] There are between 50 and 75 trillion cells in the human body.[citation needed]

Cell types can be classified by their tissue of origin. However, it is possible for some cells to have their behavior induced by surrounding tissue.

Contents

Cells that are derived primarily from endoderm

Gland cells

Exocrine secretory epithelial cells

230 different cell types in the human body

Hormone secreting cells

Epithelial cells lining closed internal body cavities

  • Blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial fenestrated cell
  • Blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial continuous cell
  • Blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial splenic cell
  • Synovial cell (lining joint cavities, hyaluronic acid secretion)
  • Serosal cell (lining peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities)
  • Squamous cell (lining perilymphatic space of ear)
  • Squamous cell (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
  • Columnar cell of endolymphatic sac with microvilli (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
  • Columnar cell of endolymphatic sac without microvilli (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
  • Dark cell (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
  • Vestibular membrane cell (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
  • Stria vascularis basal cell (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
  • Stria vascularis marginal cell (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
  • Cell of Claudius (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
  • Cell of Boettcher (lining endolymphatic space of ear)
  • Choroid plexus cell (cerebrospinal fluid secretion)
  • Pia-arachnoid squamous cell
  • Pigmented ciliary epithelium cell of eye
  • Nonpigmented ciliary epithelium cell of eye
  • Corneal endothelial cell
  • Peg cell (of Fallopian tube)

Ciliated cells with propulsive function

Derived primarily from ectoderm

Integumentary system

Keratinizing epithelial cells

  • Epidermal keratinocyte (differentiating epidermal cell)
  • Epidermal basal cell (stem cell)
  • Keratinocyte of fingernails and toenails
  • Nail bed basal cell (stem cell)
  • Medullary hair shaft cell
  • Cortical hair shaft cell
  • Cuticular hair shaft cell
  • Cuticular hair root sheath cell
  • Hair root sheath cell of Huxley's layer
  • Hair root sheath cell of Henle's layer
  • External hair root sheath cell
  • Hair matrix cell (stem cell)

Wet stratified barrier epithelial cells

Nervous system

Sensory transducer cells

Autonomic neuron cells

  • Cholinergic neural cell (various types)
  • Adrenergic neural cell (various types)
  • Peptidergic neural cell (various types)

Sense organ and peripheral neuron supporting cells

  • Inner pillar cell of organ of Corti
  • Outer pillar cell of organ of Corti
  • Inner phalangeal cell of organ of Corti
  • Outer phalangeal cell of organ of Corti
  • Border cell of organ of Corti
  • Hensen cell of organ of Corti
  • Vestibular apparatus supporting cell
  • Taste bud supporting cell
  • Olfactory epithelium supporting cell
  • Schwann cell
  • Satellite cell (encapsulating peripheral nerve cell bodies)
  • Enteric glial cell

Central nervous system neurons and glial cells

Lens cells

  • Anterior lens epithelial cell
  • Crystallin-containing lens fiber cell

Derived primarily from mesoderm

Metabolism and storage cells

Barrier function cells (Lung, Gut, Exocrine Glands and Urogenital Tract)

Kidney

Extracellular Matrix Cells

Contractile cells

Blood and immune system cells

Pigment cells

Germ cells

Nurse cells

  • Ovarian follicle cell
  • Sertoli cell (in testis)
  • Thymus epithelial cell

Interstitial cells

  • Interstitial kidney cells

References

  1. ^ Molecular Biology of the Cell, Fourth Edition, Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
  2. ^ Eukaryotic cell types in COPE database
  3. ^ Vickaryous MK, Hall BK, Human cell type diversity, evolution, development, and classification with special reference to cells derived from the neural crest, BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS, Volume: 81, Pages: 425-455, 2006

External links

See also

v · d · eHuman cell types / list derived primarily from endoderm
Foregut
Pneumocyte (Type I pneumocyte, Type II pneumocyte) · Clara cell · Goblet cell

enteroendocrine: G cell · D cell · ECL cell

exocrine: Gastric chief cell · Parietal cell

Foveolar cell
Hepatocyte · Hepatic stellate cell · (Kupffer cell from mesoderm)
Centroacinar cell · Pancreatic stellate cell
endocrine pancreas (alpha cell, beta cell, delta cell, F cell(PP cell), epsilon cell)
Pharyngeal pouch
thyroid (Follicular cell)  · parathyroid (Parathyroid chief cell, Oxyphil cell)
Hindgut/cloaca
Urothelial cells
v · d · eHuman cell types / list derived primarily from mesoderm
Paraxial

bone: Osteoblast → Osteocyte

cartilage: Chondroblast → Chondrocyte

Fibroblast → Fibrocyte

muscle: Myoblast → Myocyte · Myosatellite cell · Tendon cell · Cardiac muscle cell

adipose: Lipoblast → Adipocyte
Digestive system
Intermediate

Angioblast → Endothelial cell · Mesangial cell (Intraglomerular, Extraglomerular) · Juxtaglomerular cell · Macula densa cell

Stromal cell → Interstitial cell → Telocytes

Simple epithelial cell → Podocyte · Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell
Sertoli cell · Leydig cell · Granulosa cell · Peg cell · (spermatozoon and ovum are germ cells)
Lateral plate/
hemangioblast
Blood/immune
(HSC)
see lymphocytes
see myeloid cells

M: BON/CAR

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v · d · eHuman cell types / list derived primarily from ectoderm
Surface ectoderm
Trichocyte · Keratinocyte
Neural crest
glia: Schwann cell · Satellite glial cell
Digestive system
Neural tube

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