Endoderm

Endoderm
Endoderm
Endoderm2.png
Organs derived from endoderm.
Gray10.png
Blastodermic vesicle of Vespertilio murinus. (Endoderm labeled as 'entoderm'.)
Gray's subject #6 49
Days 16
Precursor hypoblast
Gives rise to splanchnopleure
MeSH Endoderm

Endoderm is one of the three primary germ cell layers in the very early embryo. The other two layers are the ectoderm (outside layer) and mesoderm (middle layer), with the endoderm as the intermost layer.[1] Cells migrating inward along the archenteron form the inner layer of the gastrula, which develops into the endoderm.[citation needed]

The endoderm consists at first of flattened cells, which subsequently become columnar. It forms the epithelial lining of multiple systems.[citation needed]

Contents

Production

The following chart shows the products produced by the endoderm.

Layer Category System
General[2] Gastrointestinal tract. the entire alimentary canal except part of the mouth, pharynx and the terminal part of the rectum (which are lined by involutions of the ectoderm), the lining cells of all the glands which open into the digestive tube, including those of the liver and pancreas
General Respiratory tract the trachea, bronchi, and alveoli of the lungs
General Endocrine glands and organs the lining of the follicles of the thyroid gland and thymus
Auditory system the epithelium of the auditory tube and tympanic cavity
Urinary system the urinary bladder and part of the urethra

Liver and pancreas cells are believed to derive from a common precursor.[3]

The Endoderm has differentiated into distinguishable organs as early as 5 weeks of embryonic development.

Additional images

  • Section through the embryo.

  • Section through ovum imbedded in the uterine decidua

See also

References

  1. ^ Langman's Medical Embryology, 11th edition. 2010.
  2. ^ The General category denotes that all or most of the animals containing this layer produce the adjacent product.
  3. ^ Zaret KS (October 2001). "Hepatocyte differentiation: from the endoderm and beyond". Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 11 (5): 568–74. doi:10.1016/S0959-437X(00)00234-3. PMID 11532400. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959-437X(00)00234-3. 
v · d · eDevelopmental biology > Human embryogenesis (development of embryo) and development of fetus (TE E2.0)
First three
weeks
Week 1
Week 2
(Bilaminar)
Week 3
(Trilaminar)
Surface ectoderm · Neuroectoderm · Somatopleuric mesenchyme · Neurulation · Neural crest
Endoderm
Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme
Chorda- · Paraxial (Somite/Somitomere) · Intermediate · Lateral plate (Intraembryonic coelom, Splanchnopleuric mesenchyme/Somatopleuric mesenchyme)

M: OBS

phys/devp/memb

mthr/fetu/infc, epon

proc, drug(2A/G2C)
v · d · eHuman cell types / list derived primarily from endoderm
Foregut
Pneumocyte (Type I pneumocyte, Type II pneumocyte) · Clara cell · Goblet cell

enteroendocrine: G cell · D cell · ECL cell

exocrine: Gastric chief cell · Parietal cell

Foveolar cell
Hepatocyte · Hepatic stellate cell · (Kupffer cell from mesoderm)
Centroacinar cell · Pancreatic stellate cell
endocrine pancreas (alpha cell, beta cell, delta cell, F cell(PP cell), epsilon cell)
Pharyngeal pouch
thyroid (Follicular cell)  · parathyroid (Parathyroid chief cell, Oxyphil cell)
Hindgut/cloaca
Urothelial cells

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained within it may be outdated.


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • endoderm — ENDODÉRM, endoderme, s.n. 1. Foiţa interioară a embrionului animalelor superioare, din care provin tubul digestiv şi glandele anexe. 2. Strat unicelular al peretelui corpului la celenterate. 3. Albumen. – Din fr. endoderme. Trimis de claudia,… …   Dicționar Român

  • Endoderm — En do*derm, n. [Endo + Gr. ? skin.] (Biol.) (a) The inner layer of the skin or integument of an animal. (b) The innermost layer of the blastoderm and the structures derived from it; the hypoblast; the entoblast. See Illust. of {Ectoderm} …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • endoderm — 1835, from ENDO (Cf. endo ) + DERM (Cf. derm). Coined by Prussian embryologist Robert Remak (1815 1865) …   Etymology dictionary

  • endoderm — [en′dō dʉrm΄] n. [ ENDO + DERM] the inner layer of cells of the embryo, from which is formed the lining of the digestive tract, of other internal organs, and of certain glands endodermal adj. endodermic …   English World dictionary

  • endoderm — endodermal, endodermic, adj. /en deuh derrm /, n. 1. Also called endoblast. Embryol. the innermost cell layer of the embryo in its gastrula stage. 2. Anat. the innermost body tissue that derives from this layer, as the gut lining. Also, entoderm …   Universalium

  • endoderm — Hypoblast Hy po*blast, n. [Pref. hypo + blast.] (Biol.) The inner or lower layer of the blastoderm; called also {endoderm}, {entoderm}, and sometimes {hypoderm}. See Illust. of {Blastoderm}, {Delamination}, and {Ectoderm}. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • endoderm lamella — noun : a thin sheet of endoderm extending from the gastric cavity to the circular canal between adjacent radial canals in a medusa and separated from the ectoderm on either side by mesoglea …   Useful english dictionary

  • endoderm — noun Etymology: French endoderme, from end + Greek derma skin more at derm Date: 1861 the innermost of the three primary germ layers of an embryo that is the source of the epithelium of the digestive tract and its derivatives and of the lower… …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • Endoderm — Das Entoderm (von griech. to enteron „Darm“, eigentlich „das Innere“ und to derma „Haut“) ist das innere Keimblatt des Embryoblasten. Das Entoderm ist nicht zu verwechseln mit der Endodermis der Pflanzen. Aus dem Entoderm bilden sich die… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • endoderm — n. [Gr. endon, within; derma, skin] 1. The innermost cell layer of the embryo forming the epithelium of the archenteron, endoblast, entoderm, and hypoblast. 2. (CNIDARIA) Layer of cells lining the gastrovascular cavity. 3. (PORIFERA) see… …   Dictionary of invertebrate zoology

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