- List of converts to Islam
-
Converts to Islam 
Isabelle Eberhardt • Uluç Ali Reis • Claude Alexandre • Parameswara • Marmaduke Pickthall • Jacques-Francois Menou • Rudolf Carl von Slatin • Lord Headley • Malcolm X • Samori Ture • Muhammad Ali • Keith Ellison • Ahmad Rashad • Cat Stevens • Dave Chappelle • Nicolas Anelka • Kareem Abdul Jabbar • Murad Wilfried Hofmann • Jermaine Jackson • Yvonne Ridley Total population In the United Kingdom and France, about 100,000 people converted in the last decade[1]), Germany (usually 300 a year[2]) and many other places around the world. The following is an incomplete list of notable people who converted to Islam from a different religion or no religion. This article addresses only past professions of faith by the individuals listed, and is not intended to address ethnic, cultural, or other considerations, such as marriage. Such cases are noted in their list entries. The list is categorized alphabetically by their former religious affiliation.
Contents
From Abrahamic religions
From Christianity
A
- Abdul-Karim al-Jabbar (Sharmon Shah) - former NBA player[3]
- Abdullah Beg of Kartli - Georgian convert to Islam[4] who was a claimant to the kingship of Kartli.
- Abel Xavier - former Portuguese professional footballer converted to Islam with his new name Faisal.[5]
- Abu Tammam - 9th century Arab poet born to Christian parents.[6]
- Abu Usamah - American-born Imam of Green Lane Masjid in Birmingham, UK.Accused of preaching messages of hate towards non-Muslims in a UK Television documentary.[7]
- Adam Gadahn (born Adam Pearlman) - al-Qaeda English language spokesman. Home-schooled Christian.[8]
- Adam Neuser - a German Lutheran pastor who criticized the doctrine of the trinity and was consequently imprisoned.[9]
- Ahmad Faris Shidyaq - a Lebanese scholar, writer and journalist who was a Maronite convert to Islam.[10]
- Ahmad Rashād - Emmy award-winning sportscaster (mostly with NBC Sports) and former American football wide receiver.[11][12]
- Ahmed Santos - Filipino, fugitive, founder of the Rajah Solaiman Movement & suspected by Filipino authorities to be an Al Qaeda operative converted from Catholicism[13][14][15]
- Ahmad Thomson - British barrister and writer and also a member of the Murabitun movement.[16]
- Akhenaton - French rapper and producer of French hip hop.[17]
- Allahverdi Khan - general and statesman of Georgian origin who was Christian and converted to Islam.[18]
- Alexander Litvinenko - former FSB officer converted to Islam on his deathbed.[19][20]
- Alexander Russell Webb - Former Presbyterian.[21] American journalist, newspaper owner, and former Consul-General of the U.S.A. in the Philippines.[22][23]
- Aminah Assilmi - Formerly a Southern Baptist preacher, she converted to Islam in 1977 in college while trying to convert some Muslims to Christianity.
- André Carson - former Baptist,[24] second Muslim to serve the United States Congress.[25]
- Anselm Turmeda - a Majorcan writer and a Franciscan friar who converted to Islam[26]
- Art Blakey - American Jazz musician[27]
- Aukai Collins - fought in Chechnya, paid FBI informant, author of an autobiographical book[28]
- Anthony Small - professional boxer[29]
- Sir Archibald Hamilton, 5th Baronet - a distinguished British convert to Islam.[30][31][32]
B
- Badr al-Din Lu'lu', an Armenian convert to Islam[33] and successor to the Zangid rulers of Mosul.
- Benjamin Chavis - controversial former head of the NAACP; joined the Nation of Islam.
- Bernard Hopkins - American boxer[34]
- Betty Shabazz - wife of Malcolm X; former Methodist.[35]
- Bilal Philips - Islamic scholar and author[36]
- Bruno Metsu - French coach of the Senegal team at the 2002 FIFA World Cup[37]
- Bryant Neal Vinas - participated in and supported al-Qaeda plots in Afghanistan and the U.S., and helped al-Qaeda plan a bomb attack on the LIRR[38]
C
- Cat Stevens - famous English musician, officially changed his name to Yusuf Islam
- Colleen LaRose - American citizen charged with terrorism-related crimes
- Chris Eubank - British boxer[39]
- Christian Gonzalez - Indonesian-Uruguay footballer. He changed his name become Mustafa Habibi Gonzalez
- Claude Alexandre de Bonneval or Humbaracı Ahmet Paşa is 18th century French nobleman.[40]
- Count Cassius- Visigothic aristocrat who founded the Banu Qasi dynasty of Muladi rulers.[41]
D
- Daniel Maldonado - American Islamist convicted in the United States on charges of training with al-Qaida in East Africa. Raised Catholic.[42]
- Danilo Fernando - Brazilian Footballer. He changed his name become Muhammad Danilo Fernando
- Danny Thompson - English double bass player converted from Catholicism.[43]
- Danny Williams - British boxer[44]
- David Belfield - American, fled to Iran after assassinating Ali Akbar Tabatabai, an Iranian dissident.[45]
- Dave Chappelle - comedian and television star[46]
- Dawud Wharnsby-Ali (David Wharnsby) - Canadian singer/poet.[47][48]
E
- Elsa Kazi - German writer of one-act plays, short stories, novels and history, and one of the greatest poets of her time.
- Erekle I of Kakheti - Georgian convert to Islam[49] who ruled the kingdoms of Kakheti and Kartli.
- Éric Abidal (changed his name to Bilal) - French football player, currently playing for FC Barcelona, converted to Islam after marriage.[50]
- Everlast - Rapper from the Irish-American hip-hop group House of Pain, converted from Catholicism.[51]
F
- Farqad as-Sabakhi - an Armenian Islamic preacher who was formerly a Christian[52] known for his knowledge of Judeo-Christian scriptures.[53]
- Franck Ribéry- a French football player. His name after he converted to Islam is Tarek.[54]
- Firouz - an Armenian Christian convert to Islam[55] who served as a spy for Bohemund during the Siege of Antioch.[56]
G
- Gabriele Torsello - Italian freelance photojournalist based in London who was abducted in Helmand Province, Afghanistan.[57]
- Gauhar Jaan-British-Indian Singer.[58]
- George XI of Kartli - Saffavid commander.[59]
- Germaine Lindsay - one of the suicide terrorists in the 7 July 2005 London bombings[30][60][61] in which 52 people were murdered.
H
- Hamza Yusuf - American convert from Greek Orthodox to Sunni Islam; co-founder of the Zaytuna College.[62]
- Hedley Churchward - English painter[63]
- Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha - born to a Christian Croatian[64] family, he was an Ottoman general and statesman from Hercegovina.
I
- Ian Dallas - Shaykh Dr. Abdalqadir as-Sufi — Sufi shaykh of Scottish origins.[65]
- Ibn Jazla - an 11th century physician and Christian convert to Islam who later wrote to refute doctrines of Christianity.[66]
- Ibrahim Bey - an Egyptian Mamluk of Georgian Christian origins.
- Ibrahim Muteferrika (original name not known) - From Unitarian Christianity, an early example of a Muslim publisher and printer.[67]
- Idi Amin - military leader and President of Uganda from 1971 to 1979. converted from Roman Catholicism to Islam.[68]
- Ilie II Rareş - prince of Moldavia.[69]
- Ingrid Mattson - Canadian scholar and current president of the Islamic Society of North America (2006) converted From Catholicism.[70]
- Isabelle Eberhardt - from Lutheran Christianity, 19th century explorer & writer[71]
- Ismael Urbain - French journalist and interpreter.
- Ivan Aguéli (Johan Agelii) - famous Swedish painter.[72][73]
- Iyasu V - Ethiopian emperor.[74]
J
- C. Jack Ellis - Mayor of Macon, Georgia[75]
- Jacques-Francois Menou - French general under Napoleon I of France.[76]
- James Yee - previously Lutheran[77] and former U.S. Army Muslim chaplain.[78]
- Jermaine Jackson (Muhammad Abdul Aziz) - Michael Jackson's elder brother & one of the original former members of The Jackson 5.[79]
- Jerôme Courtailler - one of two French brothers convicted by French authorities in 2004 for abetting terrorists[30][80][81]
- Joe Tex - soul singer and recording artist.[82]
- Joel Hayward, British defence strategist and scholar.[83]
- Johann Ludwig Burckhardt was a Swiss traveller and orientalist.[citation needed]
- St. John Philby - Arabist, explorer, writer, and British colonial office intelligence operative; converted from Anglicanism.[84]
- John Walker Lindh - the "American Taliban" converted From Catholicism[85][86]
- John Whitehead - an American singer, songwriter, and record producer.[87]
- John Nelson - first recorded Englishman to become a Muslim.[88]
- Joseph Thomas - Australian convert, acquitted of terrorism charges, placed under a control order under the Australian Anti-Terrorism Act 2005, currently pending retrial.[89][90]
- Judar Pasha - conqueror of the Songhai Empire.[91]
K
- Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (Lew Alcindor) - retired basketball player & the NBA's all-time leading scorer.[92] He initially converted from Christianity to The Nation of Islam to mainstream Sunni Islam.
- Keith Ellison - American, Representative from Minnesota's 5th congressional district, first Muslim to be elected to the United States Congress, converted From Catholicism[93]
- Kevin Barrett - university lecturer and member of Scholars for 9/11 Truth.[94]
- Khalid Yasin - Executive Director of the Islamic Teaching Institute, and a Shaykh currently residing in Australia.[95]
- Knud Holmboe - Danish journalist and explorer converted From Catholicism.[96]
- Koca Yusuf Pasha - a Georgian Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire who also served as the governor of Peloponnese.[97]
- Köse Mihal - a Byzantine renegade, he accompanied Osman al-Ghazi in his ascent to power and converted to Islam.[98][99]
L
- Dolores "LaLa" Brooks - American musician.[100]
- Leo of Tripoli - a Byzantine Greek renegade who freed 4000 Muslim prisoners while attacking the Byzantine city of Thessalonica.[101]
- Loon - American hip hop and rap artist[102]
M
- Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf (Chris Jackson) - retired basketball player[103]
- Malcolm X - was a leading African-American Muslim minister, public speaker, and human rights activist. He initially converted from Christianity to The Nation of Islam to mainstream Sunni Islam.
- Marcio Souza Da Silva - Brazilian Footballer
- Markus Horison - Indonesian Goalkeeper. He changed his name become Muhammad Markus Haris Maulana
- Marmaduke Pickthall - famous translator of the Quran.[104]
- Mario Scialoja - Italian ambassador and President of the World Muslim League.[105]
- Matthew Saad Muhammad (formerly Matthew Franklin) - former boxer, converted From Catholicism.[106]
- Michael Muhammad Knight - American novelist, writer, and journalist.[107]
- Mike Tyson - American boxer and Sunni Muslim[108]
- Mihnea Turcitul - was a Prince (Voivode) of Walachia. Converted from Eastern Orthodox Christianity.[109]
- Mirza Malkam Khan - an Iranian Armenian proponent of Freemasonry who was active during the period leading up to the Iranian Constitutional Revolution.[110]
- Mleh, Prince of Armenia - an Armenian convert to Islam from Catholicism,[111] he was the eighth lord of Armenian Cilicia.
- Mohammad Yousuf - Pakistani cricketer. Known for holding the world record for the most Test runs in a single calendar year, converted From Catholicism.[112]
- Mohammed Knut Bernström - Swedish ambassador to Venezuela (1963–1969), Spain (1973–1976) and Morocco (1976–1983)[113]
- Mohammed Zakariya - an American master of Arabic calligraphy, best known for his work on the popular Eid U.S. postage stamp.[114]
- Moralı Enişte Hasan Pasha - Greek Ottoman Grand Vizier.[115]
- Muhammad Abd-al-Rahman Barker (Philip Barker) - professor of Urdu, former chair of the University of Minnesota's Department of South Asian studies and creator of the Tékumel fantasy world.[116]
- Muhammad Ali (formerly Cassius Clay), from Baptist[117][118] to The Nation of Islam to Sunni Islam.[119] Famous boxer.
- Muhammed al-Ahari born January 6, 1965 as Ray Allen Rudder is an American essayist, scholar and writer on the topics of American Islam, Black Nationalist groups, heterodox Islamic groups and modern occultism.
- Murad Wilfred Hofmann - NATO official, converted From Catholicism[120]
N
- Nathan Ellington - English football player[121]
- Nicolas Anelka - French football player[122]
- Nuh Ha Mim Keller - from Catholicism to agnosticism to Sunni Islam, Islamic scholar.[123]
O
- Olu Dara (born Charles Jones III in Natchez, Mississippi[1] on 12 January 1941) is an American cornetist, guitarist and singer
- Omar Bongo - Gabonese, President of Gabon.[124]
- Omar Hammami - American-born member of the Somali Islamist paramilitary group al-Shabaab. Known by the nom de guerre Abu Mansoor Al-Amriki.[125]
- Omar Pasha - Ottoman general. Converted from Serbian Orthodoxy.[126]
- Omar Sharif - Egyptian actor who converted from Catholicism.[127][128]
P
- Peter Murphy - vocalist of the goth/rock group Bauhaus, converted from Catholicism.[129]
- Poncke Princen - Dutch soldier, later human rights activist, converted From Catholicism.[130]
- Preacher Moss - Former Baptist,[131] American comedian and comedy writer.[132]
R
- Raghib Pasha - was a Greek Ottoman politician who served as Prime Minister of Egypt[133] and who converted to Islam from Christianity.[134]
- Radu cel Frumos - was the younger brother of Vlad Ţepeş (Dracula) and prince of the principality of Wallachia, converted From Catholicism.[135]
- René Guénon - French Author in the field of metaphysics, converted From Catholicism.[136][137]
- Richard Colvin Reid - shoe bomber (convicted terrorist)[138]
- Richard Thompson - British musician, best known for his guitar playing and songwriting.[139]
- Robert of St. Albans - an English templar knight who converted to Islam from Christianity in 1185 and led an army for Saladin against the Crusaders in Jerusalem.[140]
- Robert D. Crane is the former adviser to President Richard Nixon, and is former Deputy Director (for Planning) of the U.S. National Security Council.[141]
- Robin Padilla - Filipino actor.[142]
- Roger Garaudy - French philosopher, converted From protestant.[143]
- Ronald Bell or Khalis Bayyan (born 1 November 1951, Youngstown, Ohio) is an American singer, composer and saxophonist
- Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5th Baron Headley - British soldier and peer.[144]
- Rudolf Carl von Slatin - Anglo-Austrian soldier and administrator in the Sudan. Later reverted to Catholicism.[145]
- Ruqaiyyah Waris Maqsood - British author, converted from Protestantism.[146]
- Ryan G. Anderson - former Lutheran, convicted of charges of espionage for Al Qaeda[147][148]
- Ryan Harris- football player for the Denver Broncos[149]
S
- Salman the Persian A convert from Christianity[150] who was previously Zoroastrian.
- Sana al-Sayegh, dean of the Science and Technology Faculty at Palestine International University, converted to Islam in August 2007. Fatah has accused its political rival Hamas of forcing the professor to convert from Christianity, a charge Hamas denies.[151]
- Sarah Joseph - commentator on women's issues and founder of emel magazine, converted From Catholicism.[152]
- Brad Terrence Jordan ("Scarface") - American rapper[153]
- Shah Shahidullah Faridi - Writer of German descent born to a Christian family.[154]
- Sheila Musaji - founder of The American Muslim magazine.[155]
- Silma Ihram - formerly a born again Baptist who is an Australian pioneer of Muslim education in the West, founder and former school Principal of the 'Noor Al Houda Islamic College', campaigner for racial tolerance, and Author.[156]
- Siraj Wahaj - Former Baptist.[157] African-American Imam, noted for his efforts to eliminate Brooklyn's drug problems.[158]
- Snoop Dogg - Rapper, Joined Nation Of Islam.[159]
- Suhaib Webb - American Islamic activist and speaker.[160]
- Suleiman Pasha - French-born Egyptian commander.[161]
T
- T. B. Irving - An American scholar, author and translator
- Tariq Abdul-Wahad (Olivier Saint-Jean) - originally from France, former basketball player for the Mavericks and Kings[162]
- Tawana Brawley (changed her name to Maryam Muhammad) - African American woman noted for claiming to have been raped by several white men, a claim determined to be a fabrication by a grand jury. Later in life she converted to Islam.[163][164][165]
- Tekuder - Mongol leader of the Ilkhan empire who was formerly a Nestorian Christian.[166]
- Thomas J. Abercrombie - photographer[167]
- Timothy Winter - prominent British Islamic thinker and scholar, and a lecturer in Islamic studies in the Faculty of Divinity at the University of Cambridge.[168]
- Torquato Cardilli - Italian ambassador, converted From Catholicism.[169]
V
- Vincenzo Luvineri - American rapper and the lyricist behind the Philadelphia underground hip-hop group Jedi Mind Tricks, converted From Catholicism.[170]
W
- Wadih el-Hage born to a Maronite Christian family in Sidon, Lebanon, a former al-Qaeda member.[citation needed]
- William Abdullah Quilliam - 19th century British poet, ambassador and journalist.[171]
- Wayne Parnell - South African cricketer converted to Islam in January 2011.[172]
- Willie Brigitte - French convert to Islam who associated with al-Qaeda in Pakistan and was possibly involved in a plot to conduct a terrorist operation in Australia.[173]
- Wojciech Bobowski - raised Protestant, he was a Polish musician and translator of the Bible into Ottoman Turkish.[174]
Y
- Yahiya Emerick - American Muslim scholar, President of the Islamic Foundation of North America, converted from Protestantism.[175]
- Yasin Abu Bakr (Lennox Philip) - of Trinidad and Tobago, under trial for an attempted coup as of 9 March 2006[176]
- Yusuf Estes - Former preacher and federal prison chaplain, converted from Protestantism.[177]
- Yvonne Ridley - British journalist, from Anglicanism. She converted after being kidnapped and released by the Taliban.[178][179]
Z
- Zaid Shakir - American Muslim convert former Baptist to Sunni Islam, speaker, intellectual, author, Islamic scholar, and co-founder of Zaytuna College in the United States.[180][181]
- Zağanos Pasha - one of the prominent military commanders of Mehmet II (Mehmet the Conqueror) and a lala, at once an advisor, mentor, tutor, councillor, protector, for the sultan.[182]
From Judaism
- Abdullah ibn Salam - 7th century sahabi said to have been a rabbi of aristocratic stock.[183]
- Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi - influential 12th century physicist, philosopher, and scientist who wrote a critique of Aristotelian philosophy and Aristotelian physics.[184]
- Ibn Yahyā al-Maghribī al-Samaw'al - 12th century mathematician and astronomer.[185][186]
- Ibn Sahl of Seville - 13th century Andalusian poet.[187]
- Jacob Querido - 17th century successor of the self-proclaimed Jewish Messiah Sabbatai Zevi.[188]
- Leila Mourad - Egyptian singer and actress of the 1940s and 1950s.[189]
- Lev Nussimbaum - 20th century writer, journalist and orientalist.[190]
- Muhammad Asad (Leopold Weiss) - Viennese journalist, author, and translator who visited the Hijaz in the 1930s, and became Pakistani ambassador to the United Nations.[191]
- Rashid-al-Din Hamadani - 13th century Persian physician[192]
- Sultan Rafi Sharif Bey (Yale Singer) - 20th century pioneer in the development of Islamic culture in the United States.[193]
- Tali Fahima - Israeli left-wing activist, convicted of aiding Palestinian fighters. Converted to Islam in Umm al-Fahm in June 2010.[194]
- Yaqub ibn Killis - 10th century Egyptian vizier under the Fatimids.[195]
- Youssef Darwish - a labour lawyer and activist[196] who was one of the few from the Karaite Jewish community to remain in Egypt after the creation of the state of Israel in 1948.
From Dharmic religions
From Buddhism
- The Barmakid family - originally the guardians of the great Buddhist shrine near Balkh, upon conversion they became "the greatest family" in the early Abbasid caliphate.[197]
- Daniel Moore - poet[198]
- Donei Kalaminjaa - king of the Maldives.[199]
- Korguz - was an Uyghur governor of Khorasan[200] during the reign of the Mongol ruler Ogedei Khan.[201]
- Mahmud Ghazan - seventh ruler of the Ilkhanate.[202]
- Muhammad Khodabandeh - eighth Ilkhaid dynasty ruler in Iran from 1304 to 1316.[203]
- Mubarak Shah - head of the ulus of the Chagatai Khanate (1252–1260, March–September 1266).[204]
- Tarmashirin - Khan of the Chagatai Khanate following Duwa Timur.[205]
- Hussein Ye - An Islamic scholar of Chinese descent whose lectures are frequently aired on Peace TV.[206]
From Hinduism
- Abdul Wahid Pedersen - Danish cleric.[207]
- A.R. Rahman (stands for Allah Rakha Rahman) - Modern Tamil South Indian singer, songwriter & Oscar winner officially converted to Islam from Hinduism.[208]
- Dhiren Barot - Born in India to a Hindu family, Barot was later sentenced to 40 years in prison in the United Kingdom for conspiracy to murder. Barot admitted to plotting to bomb the New York Stock Exchange, the International Monetary Fund headquarters, and the World Bank, amongst other targets.
- Divya Bharti - Late Indian actress of the early 1990s who converted on secretly marrying Bollywood producer Sajid Nadiadwala & changed her name to Sana Nadiadwala, although she was cremated in a Hindu ceremony.
- Jalaluddin Muhammad Shah - son of Raja Ganesha; he converted to Islam, then to Hinduism and finally reverted back to Islam, and later introduced Islam to many Hindus.[209]
- Kabir Suman- Modern Bengali singer & songwriter officially converted to Islam from Hinduism in 2000.[210]
- Kamala Suraiyya (formerly Kamala Das) - Anglo-Malayalam writer[211]
- Khusro Khan - a medieval Indian military leader who was a Hindu convert to Islam.
- Mahmud Iskandar Shah of Malacca - Born as Parameswara, a Hindu-Malay prince from the Srivijaya Kingdom located in Sumatra. He founded the Malaccan Empire in 1402.
- Malik Kafur - Indian military general.[212]
- Malik Maqbul - Prime Minister or Wazir of the Delhi Sultanate,[213] during the reign of Feroz Shah Tughlaq.
- Murshid Quli Khan - the Mughal governor of Bengal.[214]
- Muhammed Yusuf Khan - Born Maruthanayagam Pillai, he converted to Islam[215] and later served as Commandant for the British East India Company troops.
- Rama Varma Kulashekhara - reportedly the first Indian king to accept Islam[216][217]
- Sahaj Ram Sapru - the grandfather of the Muslim Philosopher, Sir Dr. Muhammad Iqbal, who was an official in Kashmir during the administration of the Afghan Governor Azim Khan.[218]
- Sharmila Tagore - Indian film actress. Converted after marriage to M A Patudi.
- Steven Vikash Chand - Arrested in the 2006 Toronto terrorism arrests[219]
- Tansen - Notable musician and poet.[220][221]
Other
From agnosticism or atheism
- Charles le Gai Eaton - British writer.
- Martin Lings - a widely acclaimed British scholar. He was raised as a Protestant, became an atheist, and later converted to Islam.[222]
- Mos Def - American rapper and actor. Initially raised as a Christian, became an atheist, and later converted to Islam[223]
- Zhang Chengzhi - contemporary Hui Chinese author; raised as an atheist.[224]
From Paganism
See also: List of Sahaba- Abba Jifar I - king of the Gibe Kingdom of Jimma.[225]
- Baraq - a ruler of the Chagatai Khanate who took the name Ghiyas-ud-din after converting.[226]
- Berke - grandson of Genghis Khan and leader of the Golden Horde who was the first Mongol ruler to establish Islam in a Mongol state.[227]
- David Myatt - from Paganism, former Neo-Nazi-activist[228]
- Nawrūz (Mongol emir) - a convert to Islam;[229] he played an important role in the politics of the Mongol Ilkhanate.
- Negudar - Mongol general and noyan[230]
- Nogai Khan - Mongol general and great-grandson of Genghis Khan.[231]
- Samori Ture - founder of the Wassoulou Empire who resisted French rule in West Africa.[232][233]
- Sultan Satuq Bughra Khan - 9th century Uyghur ruler who was one of the first Turks to convert to Islam.[234]
- Tuda Mengu - Mongol leader of the Golden Horde[235]
- Tughlugh Timur - the Khan of Moghulistan.[236]
From Sabianism
- Hilal al-Sabi - a historian, bureaucrat, and writer of Arabic.[237]
- Sinan ibn Thabit - a physician and son of Thābit ibn Qurra.[238]
From Zoroastrianism
- Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa - author and translator of Kalīla wa Dimna from Middle Persian.[239]
- Abu'l Hasan Mihyar al-Daylami - a Persian poet from Daylam.[240][241]
- Abu-Lu'lu'ah Al-Nahawndi - a Persian who assassinated Umar al-Khattab.[242]
- Abu-Mansur Daqiqi - a Persian poet.[243]
- Fadl ibn Sahl - Persian vizier of the Abassid era.[244]
- Naubakht - Pahlavi translator of the Abassid court.[245]
- Rattanbai Petit - second wife of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan
- Saman Khuda - founder of the Samanid dynasty, one of the first native Persian dynasties in the Middle East and Central Asia after the collapse of the Sassanids.[246]
Undetermined former religion
- Abd al Malik - birth name Régis Fayette-Mikano — French rapper of Congolese origins.[247]
- Abd al Haqq Kielan - Swedish cleric.[248]
- Abdallah Schleifer - prominent Middle East expert, former NBC Cairo Bureau chief, and a professor of TV journalism at the American University in Cairo who converted to Sufi Islam.[249][250]
- Abdul Alim Musa - Muslim activist and director of Masjid Al-Islam in Washington, D.C.[251]
- Abdul Waheed (Don Stewart-Whyte) - accused of participating in the 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot.[252][253]
- Abdullah Ibrahim - South African Jazz musician.[254]
- Ahmad Jamal - Jazz pianist.[255]
- Ahmed el Inglizi - was an English architect and engineer who worked for the Sultan of Morocco Mohammed ben Abdallah in the 18th century and converted to Islam.[256]
- Ajdin Muzaka - was the commander in the Battle of Torvioll.
- Ali Shaheed Muhammad - member of A Tribe Called Quest.[257]
- Alys Faiz - human rights and peace activist;[258] converted at the time of her marriage to Urdu poet Faiz Ahmed Faiz.[259]
- Amir Butler- author, engineer and Islamic activist.[260]
- Anthony Mundine - Australian Boxer, Former 2 time Super Middleweight Champion.[261]
- Antoni Aleksander Iliński - a Polish-Ottoman military officer and general.
- Apisai Tora - Fijian politician.[262]
B
- Batool Al-Toma - Irishwoman who is a member of the Board of Trustees of the Forum Against Islamophobia and Racism.
- B.G. Knocc Out - American west coast rapper.[263]
- Begum Om Habibeh Aga Khan - born Yvette Blanche Labrousse, Miss France 1930, wife of Aga Khan III.[264]
- Bob Denard - French mercenary.[265]
- Brandon Mayfield - American attorney-at-law, was erroneously linked to the 2004 Madrid train bombings.[266]
- Busta Rhymes - American rapper, songwriter and actor
C
- Charles Brooks, Jr. - converted while serving a sentence for murder; first person to be executed by lethal injection in the United States.[267]
- Ilich Ramírez Sánchez - aka "Carlos the Jackal", convicted murderer and terrorist, currently in prison in France.[268]
- Celestino Caballero - Boxer, Current Super Bantamweight Champion.[269]
- Charles John Pelham (Abdul Mateen)- 8th Earl of Yarborough.[270]
- Christian Ganczarski- Head of "al Qaeda in Europe".[271]
- Christopher de Bellaigue - journalist and author
- Christopher Paul (aka Paul Kenyatta Laws aka Abdulmalek Kenyatta) - American citizen, alleged member of al-Qaeda.[272][273]
- Colleen LaRose - alleged intended assassin of Danish cartoonist Lars Vilks.[274]
- Craig Hodges - former NBA player.[275]
D
- David Hicks - convicted Australian terrorist.[276]
- Derrick Shareef- charged in a plot to set off four hand grenades in garbage cans 22 December at the CherryVale Mall in Rockford, Illinois during the Christmas rush.[277]
- Divine Styler - American hip-hop musician.[278]
- Dwight Muhammad Qawi - Former boxing world Light Heavyweight and Cruiserweight champion.[279]
E
- Edoardo Agnelli - eldest son of Gianni Agnelli, the industrialist patriarch of Fiat.
- Lady Evelyn Cobbold - Scottish noblewoman.[280]
- Everlast - Irish-American rapper and singer-songwriter.[281]
F
- Frithjof Schuon - metaphysician, poet, painter, philosopher (in the original and Platonic sense of this term), and a leading figure of the perennialist school.[282]
G
- Gary Legenhausen - American philosopher and writer.[283]
- Ghostface Killah - member of the Wu-Tang Clan.[284]
- Gigi Gryce - American saxophonist, flutist, clarinetist, composer, arranger, and educator.[285]
- Gustave-Henri Jossot - French caricaturist, illustrator and Orientalist painter.[286]
H
- Hasan Akbar (born Mark Fidel Kools) - American sentenced to death for the murder of two fellow soldiers during the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq.[287]
- H. Rap Brown - civil rights activisit.[288]
I
- Ibrahim Hooper (Douglas Hooper) - Islamic activist, spokesman for the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR).[289]
- Ibrahim Savant - one of the suspects arrested in the UK in connection to the 2006 transatlantic aircraft terrorist plot in the United Kingdom.[290]
- Idris Muhammad - American jazz musician.[291]
- Iliaş Colceag - Moldavian military commander in the Ottoman and Russian Empire.
- Isabelle Eberhardt - explorer and writer.[292]
J
- Jack Roche - convicted of involvement in an al-Qaeda plot to blow up the Israeli embassy in Canberra.[293]
- Jadel Gregório - a Brazilian athlete.
- James Achilles Kirkpatrick - was the British Resident in Hyderabad.[294]
- Jan Janszoon - Dutch pirate.[295]
- Jason Walters - of the Netherlands, member of the Hofstad Network, convicted on charges of terrorism.[296]
- Jeff Fort - former Chicago gang leader, co-founder of the Black P. Stones gang, and founder of its El Rukn faction. He was convicted in 1987 of conspiring with Libya to perform acts of domestic terrorism.[297][298]
- Jeffrey Mark Deskovic - served 15-year wrongful imprisonment sentence.[299]
- Jemima Goldsmith daughter of the billionaire Sir James, who was married to Imran Khan
- Jesse of Kakheti - a ruler of Kakheti in eastern Georgia from 1614 to 1615.
- John Allen Muhammad - convicted serial killer, known as the Beltway Sniper.[300][301]
- John Ward - (changed name to Yusuf Reis) British corsair and pirate.[302]
- Johann von Leers - advisor to Muhammad Naguib known for his anti-Semitic polemics.[303][304][305]
- José Padilla - the respondent in Rumsfeld v. Padilla currently on trial as an alleged al-Qaida operative, converted while in prison for aggravated assault.[306]
- Juan Carlos Gomez - Former Cruiserweight Boxing Champion.[307]
K
- Kérim Chatty- Swedish bodybuilding stuntman who was once suspected of attempted hijacking. The preliminary inquiry was dropped.[308]
- Khaled Edward Blair - British barrister, later married Princess Badiya bint Al Hassan of Jordan.[309]
- Khalid Sheldrake - an English pickle manufacturer who established a branch of the Western Islamic Association in South Shields in 1930.
L
- Larry Johnson - retired American professional basketball player.[310]
- Lauren Booth - a British[311] broadcaster, journalist and human rights activist.[312][313]
- Li Nu - a Chinese scholar in the Ming dynasty who visited Persia, converted to Islam, married a Persian or an Arab girl and brought her back to Quanzhou in Fujian.[314][315][316]
- Lim Yew Hock - Singapore’s second Chief Minister from 1956 to 1959.[317]
- Lewis Arquette - actor and father of actors David Arquette and Rosanna Arquette; father-in-law of actress Courtney Cox.[318]
M
- MC Ren - American rapper and hip-hop producer.[319]
- Malcolm X - American to Nation of Islam to Sunni Islam, African-American civil rights leader.[320]
- Malik ul Salih - established the first Muslim state of Samudera Pasai.[321]
- Maryam Jameelah - formerly Margret Marcus. Author of many books covering several subjects, including Modernism, Sociology, History, Jihad, Theology and Technology.[322]
- Maurice Béjart - French choreographer.[323]
- Mike Tyson (Malik Abdul Aziz) - former heavyweight boxing champion of the world.[324][325]
- Mohammed Knut Bernström - Swedish ambassador.[326]
- Michael Wolfe - American poet, author, and the President and Executive Producer of Unity Productions Foundation.[327][328]
- Michael X - civil rights activist in the United Kingdom[329]
N
- Nahshid Sulaiman - alternative hip hop artist.[330]
- Nur al-Anwar al-Jerrahi (born Lex Hixon) - syncretist, Sufi convert, and co-founder of the Nur Ashki Jerrahi Sufi Order in the United States.[331]
O
- Omar Ong Yoke Lin - (1917–2010) Malaysian politician, former government minister and founder of the Malaysian Chinese Association.[332]
- Baron omar Rolf von Ehrenfels - Austrian anthropologist and orientalist.[333]
P
- Philippe Fragione - French rapper and producer of French hip hop.[334]
- Philippe Grenier - (1865–1944) French doctor, first Muslim MP in France.[335]
Q
- Q-Tip - North American hip-hop emcee, actor, and hip hop producer who was the leader of the critically acclaimed group A Tribe Called Quest.[336]
R
- Rakan Ben Williams - suspected member of Al-Qaeda terrorist.[337]
- Robert "Kool" Bell - musician.[338]
- Robert D. Crane - former Presidential advisor and ambassador.[339]
- Rodrigo de Triana - sailor and the first European since the Vikings known to have seen America who converted to Islam from Judaism[340] or Christianity.[341]
- Ronald Bell - musician.[342]
- Rory McLeod - British snooker player.
S
- Sahib Shihab - jazz saxophonist and flautist.[343]
- Saida Miller Khalifa - British author who was originally called Sonya Miller.[344][345]
- Shaheed Akbar - notable rapper who converted to Islam.[346]
- Stephen Schwartz - American journalist, columnist, and author.[347]
- Susanne Osthoff - German archaeologist who had worked in Iraq since 1991 and had been taken captive there for three weeks.[348]
T
- Thomas J. Abercrombie -Famous photographer and writer for National Geographic Magazine http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/06/AR2006040602187.html
- Tiara Jacquelina - Malaysian actress.[349]
- Titus Burckhardt - Swiss writer and scholar.[350]
- Tony Hussein Hinde - an Australian-born Maldivian surfer and surfing pioneer who converted to Islam.[351]
U
- Umar Islam - one of the suspects arrested in the UK in connection to the 2006 transatlantic aircraft terrorist plot in the United Kingdom.[290]
- Uri Davis - an academic and activist who works on civil rights in Israel, Palestinian National Authority and the Middle East.[352]
V
- Vladimir Khodov - leader of the Beslan school hostage crisis- converted in prison.[353]
- Vernel Fournier - jazz drummer.
W
- Walt Hazzard - former NBA player.[354]
Y
Z
- Zachary Adam Chesser - American Muslim convert to Sunni Islam. Sentenced to 25 years in a federal prison on February 24, 2011.[356]
See also
- Lists of Muslims
- List of people who converted to Christianity
- List of converts to Hinduism
- List of converts to Judaism
- List of converts to Buddhism
- List of converts to Sikhism
- List of former Muslims
- List of people by belief
- Religious conversion
References
- ^[dead link]Islam converts change face of Europe Jerusalem Post. Retrieved on 2010-01-22.
- ^ Germany: Sharp rise in Muslim converts Retrieved on 2010-01-25.
- ^ "NBA great Kareem Abdul-Jabbar wants NFL player to stop using name — the former Sharmon Shah, Miami Dolphin running back being sued by former basketball player" Jet Online. Dec. 1, 1997. Johnson Publishing Co.
- ^ The making of the Georgian nation By Ronald Grigor Suny, pg.56
- ^ "Abel Xavier Quits Football And Converts To Islam". Goal.com. http://goal.com/en/news/91/portugal/2009/12/24/1707641/abel-xavier-quits-football-and-converts-to-islam. Retrieved 30 December 2009.
- ^ Ibn Ab̄i Tahir Ṭāyfūr and Arabic writerly culture a ninth-century bookman in Baghdad RoutledgeCurzon Studies in Arabic and Middle-Eastern Literatures: A Ninth-century Bookman in Baghdad, By Shawkat M. Toorawa, pg. 94
- ^ Stephen Brook (2007-08-08). "newspaper report on police investigation into undercover mosque program. Wednesday August 8, 2007". London: Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/aug/08/broadcasting.race. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Al-Qaeda's New Leadership: Adam Gadahn". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/world/specials/terror/gadahn.html.
- ^ Lessing's theological writings: selections in translation By Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Henry Chadwick, pg.12
- ^ The holy cities, the pilgrimage and the world of Islām: a history from the earliest traditions until 1925 (1344H), pg. 310, by Ghālib ibn ʻAwaḍ Quʻayṭī (al-Sulṭān.), Sultan Ghalib al-Qu'aiti
- ^ "Ahmad Rashad Bio - Ahmad Rashad Biography - Ahmad Rashad Stories". Tv.com. 2009-06-02. http://www.tv.com/ahmad-rashad/person/4497/biography.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Minnesota Vikings Football Tickets - Vikings Football". Vikings Tickets. 1949-11-19. http://www.vikingstickets.com/main/players/Ahmad+Rashad. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "In Philippines, watchful eye on converts". Csmonitor.com. http://www.csmonitor.com/2005/1128/p07s02-woap.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Militant Islamic Converts And Terrorism In The Philippines" (PDF). Archived from the original on July 9, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080709041652/http://www.crisisgroup.org/library/documents/asia/philippines/110_philippines_terrorism_the_role_of_militant_islamic_converts.pdf. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base". Tkb.org. http://www.tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=4690. Retrieved 2010-04-07.[dead link]
- ^ Thomson, Ahmad – Author Information Ibooks
- ^ Global Noise, By Tony Mitchell, pg. 72
- ^ Shah ʹAbbas & the arts of Isfahan, by Anthony Welch, pg. 17
- ^ Litvinenko converted to Islam, father says - Times Online[dead link]
- ^ "Litvinenko's Father Says Son Requested Muslim Burial - RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY". Rferl.org. 2006-12-05. http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/12/E4B19AB3-82B6-45C8-BABB-A13B7CEAB243.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Islam in America, By Jane I. Smith, pg. 189
- ^ "Conversion: Islam, the growing religion". Salaam.co.uk. 1916-10-01. http://www.salaam.co.uk/themeofthemonth/june02_index.php?l=32. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "The "Yankee Mohammedan": Alexander Russell Webb and the". Encyclopedia.com. 2007-01-01. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-160168134.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ By (2008-02-16). "Islam Convert seeks a seat in Congress". Washingtontimes.com. http://www.washingtontimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080216/NATION/998204590/1002. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Catching up: Indiana's Carson will replace his grandmother in Congress". Blogs.usatoday.com. http://blogs.usatoday.com/onpolitics/2008/03/catching-up-ind.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.[dead link]
- ^ Juan Goytisolo and the poetics of contagion, pg.133, by Stanley Beck
- ^ Art Blakey official site In 1948, Art told reporters he had visited Africa, where he learned polyrhythmic drumming and was introduced to Islam, taking the name Abdullah Ibn Buhaina.
- ^ http://dir.salon.com/story/books/review/2002/07/17/myjihad/index.html
- ^ Sabey, R. (19 June 2010). "Champ to chump: Muslim who abused troops is ex-British boxing ace". The Sun (London). http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/3020416/Muslim-who-abused-troops-is-ex-British-boxing-ace.html. Retrieved 1 October 2010.
- ^ a b c Some converts from 'The Islamic Review', Woking
- ^ Articles
- ^ Conversion: Islam, the growing religion
- ^ Islamic art and architecture 650-1250 By Richard Ettinghausen, Oleg Grabar, Marilyn Jenkins, pg, 134
- ^ Steve Bunce (2001-11-11). "Ex-champion Naseem Hamed's comeback battle Special reports | The Observer". London: Observer.guardian.co.uk. http://observer.guardian.co.uk/2001review/story/0,,623766,00.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Free Resources - Black History - Biographies - Betty Shabazz". Gale. http://www.gale.com/free_resources/bhm/bio/shabazz_b.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Dr.Bilal Philips' Official website". Bilalphilips.com. http://www.bilalphilips.com/bilal_pages.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=240. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Hughes, Rob (2002-07-31). "SOCCER : Metsu's magic ride ends". International Herald Tribune. http://www.iht.com/articles/2002/07/31/soccer_ed3__8.php. Retrieved 2010-04-07.[dead link]
- ^ Powell, Michael (July 23, 2009). "U.S. Recruit Reveals How Qaeda Trains Foreigners". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/24/nyregion/24terror.html. Retrieved 26 February 2010.
- ^ Haldenby, Andrew. "Lengthy queue to join religion that offers 'sense of direction'". London: Telegraph.co.uk. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/01/wislam601.xml. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Related Articles. "Claude Alexandre, Comte de Bonneval, or Humbaraci Ahmed Pasa (French noble) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-73179/Claude-Alexandre-Comte-de-Bonneval. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Banu Kasi, Casius, Kasi and Qasi in the Spanish-language Auñamendi Encyclopedia.
- ^ Cindy George (20 June 2007). "Houston man gets 10 years for al-Qaida training". Houston Chronicle. http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/front/4985181.html.
- ^ "The Music Show - 24 February 2007 - Danny Thompson". Abc.net.au. 2007-02-24. http://www.abc.net.au/rn/musicshow/stories/2007/1948816.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Beds Herts and Bucks - Sport - Williams on boxing: I am not supposed to do it!". BBC. 2005-07-18. http://www.bbc.co.uk/threecounties/content/articles/2005/10/07/danny_williams_071005_feature.shtml. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Silverman, Ira (2009-01-07). "Annals of Crime: An American Terrorist". The New Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/?020805fa_fact. Retrieved 2010-01-02.
- ^ Sunday, May. 15, 2005 (2005-05-15). "On the Beach With Dave Chappelle". TIME. http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1061415,00.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ IslamonLine.net
- ^ "Dawud Wharnsby - Colorado - Folk Rock / Acoustique / A'cappella - www.myspace.com/wharnsby". MySpace.com. http://www.myspace.com/wharnsby. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Islamic desk reference By E. J. van Donzel, pg.111
- ^ "Abidal become Muslim with a name Bilal". Internetspor.com. Archived from the original on February 24, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080224161454/http://www.internetspor.com/v3/futbol/haber.php?haberID=58738. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Being Muslim One Day at a Time by Adisa Banjoko". Uga.edu. http://www.uga.edu/islam/everlast_banjoko.html. Retrieved 2010-01-02.
- ^ Historical dictionary of Sufism By John Renard, pg. 87
- ^ Islamic mysticism: a short history, pg. 14
- ^ RIBERY HAILS GREAT ZIDANE: Sporting Life 2006 World Cup Finals in Germany, Breaking News, Features, Cannavaro, Zidane, Lippi, Domenech, Buffon, Vieira, Henry[dead link]
- ^ The Moslem World, Volume 58, pg.63, Samuel Marinus Zwemer, Christian Literature Society for India, Hartford Seminary Foundation, Published for the Nile Mission Press by the Christian Literature Society for India, 1911
- ^ The complete idiot's guide to the Crusades By Paul L. Williams, pg. 73
- ^ "South Asia | Afghan kidnappers 'want convert'". BBC News. 2006-10-18. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6061236.stm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ The importance of being Gauhar Jan The Tribune, May 26, 2002.
- ^ Iranica.com - GORGIN KHAN[dead link]
- ^ Western white woman a suicide bomber - World - Times Online[dead link]
- ^ ICT - International Institute for Counter-Terrorism[dead link]
- ^ "Convert Plays Leadership Role in Muslim Community". NPR. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6057297. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Famous London Muslims". Masud.co.uk. 1953-12-10. http://www.masud.co.uk/ISLAM/bmh/BMH-IRO-famous_muslims.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Klemenčić, Mladen (1993). A Concise atlas of the Republic of Croatia & of the Republic of Bosnia and Hercegovina. Michigan: Miroslav Krleža Lexicographical Institute (original from University of Michigan Press). p. 88.
- ^ The Collected Works by Ian Dallas, Budgate Press, 2005, ISBN 0-620-34379-6
- ^ A history of Arabic literature By Clément Huart, pg.311
- ^ UU site[dead link]
- ^ Guweddeko, Fred (12 June 2007). "Rejected then taken in by dad; a timeline". The Monitor. Archived from the original on 2007-06-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20070612053237/http://www.monitor.co.ug/specialincludes/ugprsd/amin/articles/index.php. Retrieved 2009-08-08.
- ^ The Historians' History of the World by Henry Smith Williams, p. 137, published 1907
- ^ MSBC Article's title says "Raised Catholic, this Muslim professor is bringing the moderate viewpoint to the world."]
- ^ "Isabelle Eberhardt: Explorer". Enchantedlearning.com. 1904-10-21. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/explorers/page/e/eberhardt.shtml. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Roald, Anne Sofie (2004). New Muslims in the European Context: The Experience of Scandinavian Converts . Brill Publishers. pg.28
- ^ Aguéli Museum states "He changed his name to Ivan Aguéli. Later he converted to Islam."
- ^ Bahru Zewde, A History of Modern Ethiopia (London: James Currey, 1991), p. 121.
- ^ CNN: Macon, Georgia, mayor converts to Islam[dead link]
- ^ "The history of new Muslims". Media ISNET. http://media.isnet.org/off/Islam/New/napoleon.html. Retrieved 2007-03-17.
- ^ Parker, Laura (2004-05-16). "The Ordeal of Chaplain Lee". Usatoday.com. http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2004-05-16-yee-cover_x.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ CNN.com - U.S. Army Muslim chaplain arrested - Sep. 22, 2003[dead link]
- ^ Jermaine Jackson (I) - Biography
- ^ php?Article=217105
- ^ Embassy plot offers insight into terrorist recruitment, training - The Advocate[dead link]
- ^ AP (1982-08-14). "Joe Tex, 47, Recording Artist And Soul Singer for 30 Years". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9803E7DB1E39F937A2575BC0A964948260. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Here's Hoping". Emel: Muslim Lifestyle. 2011-09-28. http://www.emel.com/article?id=89&a_id=2473&c=99. Retrieved 2011-09-28.
- ^ Philby, H. Saint John. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2 July 2007.
- ^ <[1]
- ^ "Transcript of John Ashcroft - February 5, 2002". Transcripts.cnn.com. 2002-02-05. http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0202/05/ip.00.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ John Whitehead at the Notable Names Database
- ^ "Religion & Ethics - Islam in the UK (1500s-present): Before the 20th century". BBC. 2009-09-07. http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/uk_1.shtml. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Thomas convicted under terror laws, Four Corners, 27 February 2006
- ^ ABC staff (20 December 2006). "Thomas to face retrial on terrorism charges". ABC online (Australian Broadcasting Corporation). http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200612/s1815446.htm. Retrieved 2006-12-20.
- ^ Davidson, Basil. Africa in History. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.
- ^ "NY Times Archived Short Book Review of ''Giant Steps'' by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Peter Knobler". New York Times. 1984-01-29. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B05E5DB163BF93AA15752C0A962948260. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Keith Ellison for U.S. Congress[dead link]
- ^ "Barrett's personal website". Mujca.com. http://www.mujca.com/myth_of_911.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Transcript of Sheikh Khalid Yasin-07/09/2003: Sunday Nights With John Cleary". Abc.net.au. http://www.abc.net.au/sundaynights/stories/s943004.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ http://www.knud-holmboe.com/books/knud_biography.pdf
- ^ The decline and fall of the Ottoman Empire By Alan Palmer, pg. 52
- ^ The Last Great Muslim Empires, By H. J. Kissling, Bertold Spuler, F. R. C. Bagley, pg.3
- ^ American studies in altaic linguistics, By Denis Sinor, pg.5
- ^ [2]
- ^ Faith and sword: a short history of Christian-Muslim conflict By Alan G. Jamieson, pg.32
- ^ Rapper star Loon converts to Islam MPACUK (2009-07-15). Retrieved on 2009-08-09.
- ^ "MAHMOUD ABDUL-RAUF'S SUSPENSION FOR REFUSING TO STAND FOR THE NATIONAL ANTHEM: A "FREE THROW" FOR THE NBA AND DENVER NUGGETS, OR A "SLAM DUNK" VIOLATION OF ABDUL-RAUF'S TITLE VII RIGHTS?" Washington University Law Quarterly.
- ^ Islamic Studies : A Research Guide[dead link]
- ^ "Europe | Italy prepares for new terrorism". BBC News. 2005-08-04. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4745863.stm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Matthew Saad Muhammad
- ^ Logged in as click here to log out (2007-03-19). "Comment is free Punk Muslims". London: Commentisfree.guardian.co.uk. http://commentisfree.guardian.co.uk/brian_whitaker/2007/03/sex_drugs_and_prayer.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ ["The Tyson, Olajuwon Connection". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). 1994-11-13. Retrieved 2008-03-14.]
- ^ Ştefan Ştefănescu, Istoria medie a României, Bucharest, Vol. I, 1991, p.164
- ^ The Iranian constitutional revolution, 1906-1911, by By Janet Afary, pg. 26
- ^ Assassin!: The Deadly Art Of The Cult Of The Assassins By Haha Lung, pg. 29
- ^ "Mohammed Yousuf". Content-usa.cricinfo.com. http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/pakistan/content/player/43650.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Roald, Anne Sofie (2004). New Muslims in the European Context: The Experience of Scandinavian Converts . Brill Publishers. pg.130
- ^ Lea, Brooke. "The Soul Searcher". Psychology Today. http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/pto-20040709-000002.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Evg Radushev, Svetlana Ivanova, Rumen Kovachev - Narodna biblioteka "Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodiĭ. Orientalski otdel, International Centre for Minority Studies and Intercultural Relations, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art, and Culture (2003). Inventory of Ottoman Turkish documents about Waqf preserved in the Oriental Department at the St. St. Cyril and Methodius National Library. Narodna biblioteka "Sv. sv. Kiril i Metodiĭ. p. 224. ISBN 954523072X. "Hasan Pasa (Damad-i- Padisahi), Greek convert from Morea."
- ^ Gary Fine, Shared Fantasy: Role Playing Games As Social Worlds, University of Chicago Press (Chicago, IL), 1983. Reprinted in 2002.
- ^ On the Other Side of Oddville By Dwight A. Moody, Ike Moody, pg. 122
- ^ Muhammad Ali & Company By Thomas Hauser, pg. 18
- ^ BY: Interview by Deborah Caldwell. "Muhammad Ali has embraced Sufi Islam and is on a new spiritual quest". Beliefnet.com. http://www.beliefnet.com/story/160/story_16045_1.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ ‘’’ Journey to Islam - Diary of a German Diplomat’’’ by Murad Hoffman
- ^ Ellington gets off to a fast start
- ^ "Muslim Anelka to quit England Sport". This is London. http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/sport/article-11255446-details/Muslim+Anelka+to+quit+England/article.do;jsessionid=hgtrFr9MbfKXQNRCxHGF8dRW1knmWxynwQTQq2Nq7bhMLVc4VfCm!-825067526!-1407319224!7001!-1. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Keller, Nu Ha Mim. Becoming Muslim.
- ^ "Bongo's 40 years of ruling Gabon" BBC News, 28 November 2007. Retrieved 8 February 2008.
- ^ Elliott, Andrea (27 January 2010). "The Jihadist Next Door". New York Times Magazine. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/31/magazine/31Jihadist-t.html?hp=&pagewanted=all. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
- ^ Ethnicity, Cultural Discontinuity and Power Brokers in Northern Iraq: The Case of the Shabak .Amal Vinogradov. American Ethnologist, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Feb., 1974), pp. 207–218
- ^ [3] Omar Sharif converts to Islam
- ^ [4] Ahmed Ramzi witness the conversion of Omar Sharif
- ^ "Peter Murphy". Nndb.com. http://www.nndb.com/people/875/000109548/. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Ponke, a human rights hero, is dead". Etan.org. 2002-02-28. http://www.etan.org/et2002a/march/01-9/05ponke.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Christian and Muslim comics show believers that faith sometimes is best shared through laughter - especially when it's at themselves[dead link]
- ^ “Allah Made Me Funny!” - A Popular Muslim-American Comedy. IslamOnline.net
- ^ Mohamed, Duse (1911). In the land of the pharaohs: a short history of Egypt from the fall of Ismail to the assassination of Boutros Pasha. D. Appleton and company. p. xii. OCLC 301095947. "PRIME MINISTERS * Ragheb Pasha was Prime Minister from July 12, 1882"
- ^ Schölch, Alexander (1981). Egypt for the Egyptians!: the socio-political crisis in Egypt, 1878-1882. Ithaca Press. p. 326. ISBN 0903729822. "Isma'il Raghib was born in Greece in 1819; the sources differ over his homeland. After first being kidnapped to Anatolia, he was brought as a slave to Egypt in 1246 (1830/1), by Ibrahim Pasha, and there he was ‘converted’ from Christianity"
- ^ ’’A Cold’’ By Marin Sorescu, Published 1978, p.16
- ^ [5][dead link]
- ^ Guenonian Esoterism and Christian Mystery, By Jean Borella, G. John Champoux, back cover.
- ^ Elliott, Michael (2002-02-16). "The Shoe Bomber's World". TIME. http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,203478,00.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Humphries, Patrick, Richard Thompson — The Biography, Schirmer, 1997. ISBN 0-02-864752-1
- ^ Pirates and the Lost Templar Fleet, By David Hatcher Childress pg. 94
- ^ Guest CV - Dr. Robert (Farooq) D. Crane, Islam Online
- ^ "Robin Padilla opens school for Muslim kids". Showbizandstyle.inquirer.net. http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/breakingnews/breakingnews/view_article.php?article_id=69182. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Origin and Enduring Impact of the 'Garaudy Affair'". Ihr.org. http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v18/v18n4p31_Okeefe.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ History of the London Central Mosque and the Islamic Cultural Centre 1910–1980, A. L. Tibawi, Die Welt des Islams, New Ser., Bd. 21, Nr. 1/4 (1981), pp. 193–208
- ^ Slatin, Rudolf Karl, Baron von. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 3 July 2007.
- ^ "Ruqaiyyah Waris Maqsood Dawah Theology Islam". Ruqaiyyah.karoo.net. http://www.ruqaiyyah.karoo.net/index.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Ryan Anderson convicted". The Niqabi Paralegal. 2004-09-03. http://www.niqabiparalegal.com/archives/2004/09/ryan_anderson_c_1.php. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Font size Print E-mail Share By Lauren Johnston (2004-09-02). "Soldier Guilty Of Al Qaeda Aid, Spc Anderson Convicted Of Trying To Give Terrorists Info". CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/02/12/terror/main599982.shtml. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "MyFox Colorado Being Muslim in The Big Leagues". Myfoxcolorado.com. http://www.myfoxcolorado.com/myfox/pages/Sports/Detail?contentId=3454826&version=3&locale=EN-US&layoutCode=VSTY&pageId=6.1.1. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Religion and Nation: Iranian Local and Transnational Networks in Britain By Kathryn Spellman, pg. 145
- ^ Khaled Abou Toameh. "Hamas forced professor to convert." Jerusalem Post. 5 August 2007.
- ^ Putting a good glossy on the Muslim lifestyle. Times
- ^ New Century Foundation. "American Renaissance News: Post 9/11, Islam Flourishes Among Blacks". Amren.com. http://www.amren.com/mtnews/archives/2007/02/post_911_islam.php. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Islamic Sufism Unbound: Politics and Piety in Twenty-First Century Pakistan By Robert Rozehnal, pg.60
- ^ Three killed while performing ritual
- ^ "About me". Silma. Push-Button Publishing. 2007. http://www.blogger.com/profile/14309477462606091182. Retrieved 2007-09-26.
- ^ Islam in America, By Jane I. Smith, pg. 196
- ^ Kohn, Rachael. The Black imam of Brooklyn
- ^ [news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7918383.stm]
- ^ [6][dead link]
- ^ Paul Sève. "Biographie". Soliman-pacha.ifrance.com. http://soliman-pacha.ifrance.com/biograph.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Tariq Abdul-Wahad Bio". NBA.com. http://www.nba.com/playerfile/tariq_abdul-wahad/bio.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Pagones v. Maddox et al". Nycourts.gov. http://www.nycourts.gov/press/old_keep/brawley.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "court TV becomes truTV". Courttv.com. http://www.courttv.com/archive/legaldocs/newsmakers/tawana/. Retrieved 2010-01-02.
- ^ [7][dead link]
- ^ A history of the crusades, By Steven Runciman, pg. 397
- ^ Interview at Bayweekly "Q: Am I right that you became a Moslem in the mid-1960s? Answer: I think it was '65 or '66."
- ^ "Feature Interview: Tim Winter (aka Abdul Hakim Murad) :: Sunday Nights". Abc.net.au. http://www.abc.net.au/sundaynights/stories/s1237986.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ [Rome's Envoy to Saudi Arabia Converts to Islam by Luke Baker, CNN, 26 November 2001]
- ^ "Vinnie Paz". Philaflava.com. http://www.philaflava.com/vinnie_paz.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "William Henry ('Sheikh Abdullah') Quilliam, 1856". Isle-of-man.com. http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/people/law/whqllm.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Statement sent on Behalf of Wayne Parnell Cricket South Africa
- ^ Brigitte terrorism trial nears ABC News
- ^ Subjects of the Sultan: culture and daily life in the Ottoman Empire By Suraiya Faroqhi, pg. 92-93
- ^ "How Did You Accept Islam? by Yahiya Emerick". Islamfortoday.com. http://www.islamfortoday.com/emerick8.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Jamaat al-Muslimeen on Trial in Trinidad and Tobago[dead link]
- ^ Elizabeth Omara-Otunnu (2003-11-17). "Ramadan Awareness Event Designed To Debunk Negative Images". Advance, University of Connecticut. http://advance.uconn.edu/2003/031117/03111715.htm.
- ^ "Yvonne Ridley: From captive to convert", By Hannah Bayman, BBC News (online), 21 September 2004
- ^ "BBC Inside Out - Yvonne Ridley". Bbc.co.uk. 2003-10-06. http://www.bbc.co.uk/insideout/northeast/series4/yvonne_ridley_iraq.shtml. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ By Lonnie Shavelson (2010-07-20). "First Muslim College in US to Open in Berkeley". californiareport.org. http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201007120850/b?category=bayarea. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
- ^ "New Islamic Directions". New Islamic Directions. http://www.newislamicdirections.com/nid/about/about_imam_zaid_shakir/. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ The Genoese in Galata: 1453–1682, Louis Mitler, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 10, No. (Feb., 1979), pp. 71–91.
- ^ E12, I. 52 (Joseph Horovitz, Muhammeds Himmelfahrt, Der Islam 9 (1919); Ibn Hajar Asqalni, Isaba fi Tamyiizi al-Sahaba, II. 312-3
- ^ Routledge History of Philosophy By Stuart Shanker, John Marenbon, George Henry Radcliffe Parkinson, pg. 76
- ^ "Jewish Encyclopedia". Jewish Encyclopedia. http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=174&letter=A. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Medieval Cultures in Contact, By Richard Gyug, pg. 123
- ^ The non-Jewish origins of the Sephardic Jews By Paul Wexler, pg. 84
- ^ "Querido, Jacob". JewishEncyclopedia.com. http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=6&letter=Q. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Reuters (1995-11-23). "Leila Mourad, Egyptian Film Actress, 77". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=980DE7D71339F930A15752C1A963958260. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ A companion to Julius Caesar By Miriam Tamara Griffin, pg. 84
- ^ "Biography of Muhammad Asad". Thetruecall.com. 1992-02-23. http://www.thetruecall.com/home/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=194. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. "Encyclopedia Britannica, "Rashid ad-Din", 2007". Britannica.com. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9062730/Rashid-ad-Din. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "TAPS" (PDF). The Kablegram. Staunton Military Academy Foundation. July 2006. http://www.sma-alumni.org/kg0706b.pdf. Retrieved 2007-02-06.
- ^ Leftist Tali Fahima converts to Islam
- ^ In the Court of Ya'qub Ibn Killis: A Fragment from the Cairo Genizah , Mark R. Cohen, Sasson Somekh ‘’The Jewish Quarterly Review’’, New Ser., Vol. 80, No. 3/4 (Jan. - Apr., 1990), pp. 283–314
- ^ "Youssef Darwish: The courage to go on". Al-Ahram Weekly. 2004-12-02. http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/719/profile.htm. Retrieved 2009-03-29.
- ^ Kennedy, Hugh (2004). The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates. Longman. pp. 137, 143.
- ^ Moore, Abd al-Hayy.CHOOSING ISLAM: ONE MAN'S TALE. University of New Hampshire.
- ^ Maldives By Stefania Lamberti, pg.15
- ^ Genghis Khan: his life and legacy By Paul Ratchnevsky, Thomas Nivison Haining, pg. 204
- ^ The Cambridge history of Iran, Volume 5 By University of Cambridge, pg. 204
- ^ Mahmud Ghazan. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. 2 July 2007.
- ^ Limbert, J. W. (2004). Shiraz in the age of Hafez: the glory of a medieval Persian city. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p.87
- ^ A Sketch of the History of Hindustan from the First Muslim Conquest to the Fall of the Mughol Empire by H. G. Keene
- ^ "The Chaghadaids and Islam: the conversion of Tarmashirin Khan (1331-34). - Journal, Magazine, Article, Periodical". Goliath.ecnext.com. 2002-10-01. http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/summary_0199-3174062_ITM. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Peace Tv". Peacetv.in. http://www.peacetv.in/sp-hussain_ye.php. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Islam Online[dead link]
- ^ Srinivasan, Gopal (November 2002). "Composer Extraordinaire: The Complete Biography of A.R. Rahman". Retrieved on 15 February 2007
- ^ Biographical encyclopedia of Sufis By N. Hanif, pg.320
- ^ "kabirsuman.com". kabirsuman.com. http://www.kabirsuman.com/home_bio.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Rediff On The NeT: Varsha Bhosle on Kamala Das's conversion to Islam". Rediff.com. 1999-12-16. http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/dec/16varsha.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ The history of India, By John McLeod, pg.36
- ^ The Cambridge history of Islam, Volume 2 By P. M. Holt, Ann K. S. Lambton, Bernard Lewis, pg. 19
- ^ Concise Encyclopaedia Of World History, By Carlos Ramirez-Faria, pg. 528
- ^ Yusuf Khan: the rebel commandant By Samuel Charles Hill
- ^ Sreedhara Menon.A,A Survey of Kerala History(1967),p.121. D.C.Books Kottayam
- ^ The Judgment Against Imperialism, Fascism and Racism Against Caliphate and Islam, By Khondakar Golam Mowla, pg. 183
- ^ Parmu, R.K (1969), A history of Muslim rule in Kashmir, 1320–1819, People's Pub. House, ISBN ASIN: B0006C25AK
- ^ A convert who wanted to spread the faith The Globe and Mail — June 7, 2006
- ^ India Divided, By Rajendra Prasad, pg. 63.
- ^ A History of Hindi Literature, By F. E. Keay, pg. 36
- ^ "Martin Lings, a Sufi Writer on Islamic Ideas, Dies at 96". The New York Times. 2005-05-29. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/29/obituaries/29Lings.html?ex=1183521600&en=60d8e19089ae58a7&ei=5070. Retrieved 2010-05-08.
- ^ Asadullah, Ali. "You're Gonna Serve Somebody". Beliefnet.com. http://www.beliefnet.com/story/75/story_7526_1.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ * Fisac, Taciana (2003). "Social anomie and political discourse in contemporary China". In Fernández-Stembridge, Leila. China Today: Economic Reforms, Social Cohesion, and Collective Identities. United Kingdom: Routledge. pp. 164. ISBN 0-415-31267-1.
- ^ Jimma Abba Jifar, an Oromo monarchy: Ethiopia, 1830-1932 By Herbert S. Lewis, pg. 41
- ^ The preaching of Islam: a history of the propagation of the Muslim faith By Sir Thomas Walker Arnold, pg. 197
- ^ Devin De Weese, Devin A, ( DeWeese. "Islamization and Native Religion in the Golden Horde", Penn State Press, 1 Sep 1994, ISBN 0-271-01073-8 pg.3
- ^ David Myatt: From Neo-Nazi to Muslim[dead link]
- ^ The fire, the star and the cross minority religions in medieval and early modern Iran, by Aptin Khanbaghi, pg. 69-70
- ^ The Biographical Dictionary of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful, pg. 226
- ^ Vásáry, p.71
- ^ Learning to Love Africa, By Monique Maddy, pg. 156
- ^ Wars of imperial conquest in Africa, 1830-1914, By Bruce Vandervort, pg. 128
- ^ Asian Mythologies, By Yves Bonnefoy, Wendy Doniger, Gerald Honigsblum, pg. 337
- ^ Medieval Russia, 980-1584: 980-1584, By Janet Martin, by 171
- ^ Society and Culture in the Early Modern Middle East By Andrew J. Newman, University of Edinburgh, pg. 30
- ^ Sourdel, D. "Hilāl." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.
- ^ Ibn Khallikan's biographical dictionary By Ibn Khallikān, pg. 45
- ^ The Fall of the Idigo Jackal, By McComas Taylor, pg. 3
- ^ Ibn Khallikan's Biographical dictionary, 3 By Ibn Khallikan, pg. 517-520
- ^ Encyclopedia of Arabic literature, Volume 2 By Julie Scott Meisami, Paul Starkey, pg.525
- ^ A socio-intellectual history of the Isnā ʼAsharī Shīʼīs in India, Volume 1, by Saiyid Athar Abbas Rizvi, pg. 32
- ^ E. J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936, Volume 2 By Martijn Theodoor Houtsma, pg. 100
- ^ Iran. - By Yahya Armajani, pg. 67
- ^ Islam's Contribution to Science, By Husain Muzzafar, S. Muzaffar Husain, pg. 31
- ^ Encyclopedic Survey of Islamic Culture. By Mohamed Taher, pg. 84
- ^ "PORTRAIT – De Régis Fayette-Mikano à Abd Al Malik". lepetitjournal.com. http://www.lepetitjournal.com/content/view/16978/1565/. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "A man’s domain or a woman’s realm? Articles | The Umbrella project". Paraplyprojektet.se. http://www.paraplyprojektet.se/news.php?id=656&categoryID=12. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Lawrence Wright (2006). The Looming Tower. Knopf. pp. Chapter 2. ISBN 9-375-41486-X.
- ^ "Prof. S. Abdallah Schleifer - Adham Center for Electronic Journalism". http://www.aucegypt.edu/academics/facultyresearch/Profiles/Pages/schleifer.aspx. Retrieved 2007-01-27.[dead link]
- ^ . http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4176/is_20060227/ai_n16192685.[dead link]
- ^ [8][dead link]
- ^ Fisher, Ian (2006-08-12). "Shock Reverberates Among Acquaintances of the Young Suspects - New York Times". Great Britain: Nytimes.com. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/12/world/europe/12suspects.html?ex=1313035200&en=861a0571fd02082a&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Maya Jaggi (2001-12-08). "The sound of freedom The Guardian | Guardian Unlimited". London: Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/saturday_review/story/0,3605,614946,00.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Huey, Steve (1930-07-02). "((( Ahmad Jamal > Biography )))". allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p6799/biography. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Maverick Guide to Morocco by Susan Searight p.171
- ^ "GIANT STEP Artist - Ali Shaheed Muhammad". Giantstep.net. 1902-03-01. http://www.giantstep.net/artists/553/bio/. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Alys Faiz passes away". Dawn.com. http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/13/top16.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.[dead link]
- ^ Faiz Ahmed Faiz
- ^ "FourCorners Opinion: Amir Butler". Abc.net.au. 2003-03-24. http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/content/2003/opinion/butler.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "The Politics of Anthony Mundine". Eastsideboxing.com. http://www.eastsideboxing.com/ade2510.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Tvnz.co.nz". Tvnz.co.nz. 2003-05-27. http://tvnz.co.nz/view/news_world_story_skin/193221. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "B.G. Knocc Out & Dresta". Hiphop.discogs.com. http://hiphop.discogs.com/artist/B.G.+Knocc+Out+&+Dresta. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Yvette Labrousse, Begum Om Habibeh Elles et eux dans les années 50". Boomer-cafe.net. 2007-07-02. http://boomer-cafe.net/version2/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=47&Itemid=83. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "World | Africa | Profile: French mercenary Bob Denard". BBC News. 2006-06-20. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/5097580.stm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Lichtblau, Eric (2006-11-30). "U.S. Will Pay $2 Million to Lawyer Wrongly Jailed". Nytimes.com. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/30/us/30settle.html?ex=1322542800&en=0450419c94570958&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Last Statement from the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Retrieved 22 August 2005.
- ^ "Americas | 'Jackal' book praises Bin Laden". BBC News. 2003-06-26. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3022358.stm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Caballero Clobbers Thai, Wins Title". Thesweetscience.com. http://www.thesweetscience.com/boxing-article/4445/caballero-clobbers-thai-wins-title/. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Hellen, Nicholas; Morgan, Christopher (2004-02-22). "Islamic Britain lures top people". London: The Sunday Times. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article1026534.ece. Retrieved 2010-05-08.
- ^ "French Allege Detained German Is Top Al Qaeda Leader". Dw-world.de. http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,1564,891855,00.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Ohio man accused of joining al-Qaida, planning bomb plots in Europe". Canada.com. http://www.canada.com/topics/news/world/story.html?id=e1d5f4d5-1790-4403-ba27-4bf9b58c7aba&k=38654. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ U.S. Man Accused of Plot to Bomb Resorts[dead link]
- ^ "'Jihad Jane' wanna-be Colleen LaRose intended to kill Swedish cartoonist Lars Vilks: prosecutors". New York: Nydailynews.com. 2010-03-10. http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/2010/03/10/2010-03-10_jihad_jane_wanted_death_for_cartoonist.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ [9][dead link]
- ^ Ian Munro and Penny Debelle,Bring Hicks home, The Age, Fairfax, 2 December 2006
- ^ 7:55 p.m. ET (2006-12-08). "Ill. man arrested for alleged bomb plot - Security - MSNBC.com". MSNBC. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16110298/. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Divine Styler: Spiral Walls Containing Autumns of Light Colorlines Magazine (March , 2007)". Accessmylibrary.com. 2007-03-01. http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-30232586_ITM. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ SJ Magazine Articles your South Jersey source[dead link]
- ^ Facey, William (2008). "Mayfair to Makkah", Saudi Aramco World, Vol. 59, No. 5, pages 18-23.
- ^ Everlastworld - Everlast biography[dead link]
- ^ "Conversion: Islam, the growing religion". Salaam.co.uk. http://www.salaam.co.uk/themeofthemonth/june02_index.php?l=6. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Integral in Iran: In Qom: Meeting with Conservative Clergy". Terrypatten.typepad.com. 2007-06-03. http://terrypatten.typepad.com/iran/2007/06/in_qom_meeting_.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "The Muslim Hip Hop Scene in the USA - Rapping with Allah's Blessing". Qantara.de. http://qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-587/_nr-28/i.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Gigi Gryce Biography". Gigigryce.com. 1983-03-17. http://www.gigigryce.com/. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Les Amis du Cheikh Ahmed al-Alawi - Content". Al.alawi.1934.free.fr. 2006-02-10. http://al.alawi.1934.free.fr/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=50. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ The Associated Press. (2003). "Motive a mystery in grenade attack" CNN.com. Retrieved 25 November 2006.
- ^ "Die Nigger Die: A Political Autobiography by H. Rap Brown (Jamil Abdullah Al-Amin)". Historyisaweapon.org. http://historyisaweapon.org/defcon1/dnd.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Perspecives: American Muslim Issues". PBS.org. 2006-02-24. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/week926/perspectives.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ a b Farouky, Jumana (2006-08-11). "Profiling the Suspects: Converts to Islam". Time.com. http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1225687,00.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Salaam Knowledge". Salaam.co.uk. http://www.salaam.co.uk/knowledge/biography/viewentry.php?id=3312. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Bononno, Robert (2009-06-02). "Isabelle Eberhardt in brief Literary Review | Find Articles at BNET.com". Findarticles.com. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2078/is_4_45/ai_91040708. Retrieved 2010-04-07.[dead link]
- ^ McGeown, Kate (2004-06-01). "Jack Roche: The naive militant". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/3757017.stm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Indian Sufism since the seventeenth century, by Nile Green, pg. 83
- ^ Vrijman, L.C. Kaapvaart en zeeroverij / L.C. Vrijman. - Amsterdam, [1938]
- ^ Pinverbod voor terrorist, the Dutch foreign minister bans convicted Hofstadgroep terrorists from any financial transactions, by Rien Meijer and Bart Mos, De Telegraaf, 20 April 2006 (Dutch)
- ^ "Five Draw Long Sentences for Terrorism Scheme". The New York Times. Associated Press. 1987-12-31. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE5D71F3CF932A05751C1A961948260. Retrieved 2007-12-21.
- ^ Robert W. Dart, The Future is Here Today: Street Gang Trends, 1992
- ^ Santos, Fernanda (2006-09-21). "DNA Evidence Frees a Man Imprisoned for Half His Life". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/21/nyregion/21dna.html?ex=1180756800&en=398d332e5e3428a2&ei=5070. Retrieved 2010-05-08.
- ^ "CNN.com - Muhammad a Gulf War vet, Islam convert - Jan. 26, 2004". Archives.cnn.com. 2002-10-24. http://archives.cnn.com/2002/US/10/24/muhammad.profile/. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Convicted sniper John Allen Muhammad gets six life terms in Maryland on". Courttv.com. http://www.courttv.com/trials/sniper/060106_ap.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ [10][dead link]
- ^ Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890 edited by Philip Rees, (1991, ISBN 0-13-089301-3)
- ^ The Beast Reawakens by Martin A. Lee (1997, ISBN 0-316-51959-6)
- ^ Behind the Egyptian Sphinx: Nasser's strange bedfellows; prelude to World War III? by Irving Sedar and Harold J. Greenberg (Philadelphia, Chilton Company, 1960)
- ^ Ripley, Amanda (2002-06-16). "The Case of the Dirty Bomber". TIME. http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,262917,00.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "The Eccentric Juan Carlos Gomez". Thesweetscience.com. http://www.thesweetscience.com/boxing-article/6643/eccentric-juan-carlos-gomez/. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Bodybuilding stuntman who turned to Islam". BBC News. 2002-09-30. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2230630.stm. Retrieved 2006-12-27.
- ^ Mr. Khaled Edward Blair[dead link]
- ^ Roberts, Selena (1999-01-24). "PRO BASKETBALL; A Diet of Discipline". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B04E0DA1739F937A15752C0A96F958260&sec=health&pagewanted=print. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Biodata
- ^ BBC Profile
- ^ Carter, Helen (2010-10-24). "Tony Blair's sister-in-law converts to Islam". guardian.co.uk (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2010/oct/24/lauren-booth-converts-to-islam. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
- ^ Association for Asian studies (Ann Arbor;Michigan) (1976). A-L, Volumes 1-2. Columbia University Press. p. 1022. ISBN 0231038011, 9780231038010. http://books.google.com/books?id=067On0JgItAC&pg=PA817&dq=ch'ang+fond+persian+girl&hl=en&ei=5wEsTJesKMT_lgfR5KHnCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFwQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=li%20nu%20married%20an%20arab%20or%20persian%20girl&f=false. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
- ^ Chen, Da-Sheng. "CHINESE-IRANIAN RELATIONS vii. Persian Settlements in Southeastern China during the T'ang, Sung, and Yuan Dynasties". Encyclopedia Iranica. http://www.iranica.com/articles/chinese-iranian-vii. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
- ^ Joseph Needham (1971). Science and civilisation in China, Volume 4. Cambridge University Press. p. 2120. ISBN 0521070600, 9780521070607. http://books.google.com/books?id=l6TVhvYLaEwC&pg=PA495&dq=li+nu+persian+girl&hl=en&ei=kw8sTKShEsP7lwespayLCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=li%20nu%20persian%20girl&f=false. Retrieved 2010-06-29.
- ^ ’’The Man Who Thumped the Reds’’, The Straits Times on 1 Dec 1984.
- ^ Arquette Reconnects Jewish Journal 12 October 2002
- ^ "MC Ren". Nndb.com. 2000-12-02. http://www.nndb.com/people/962/000095677/. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Official website of Malcom X: Biography". Cmgworldwide.com. Archived from the original on June 10, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080610143558/http://www.cmgworldwide.com/historic/malcolm/about/bio.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ The Preaching of Islam, By Thomas Walker Arnold, pg. 297
- ^ "Why I embraced Islam by Maryum Jameelah" www.jannah.org
- ^ Chronicle, New York Times, 3 April 1990
- ^ "SPORT | Echoes of Ali in Tyson furore". BBC News. 2000-01-23. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sport/614507.stm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Johnson, Robert E. (2009-06-02). "Ebony interview with Mike Tyson - boxer - Interview Ebony | Find Articles at BNET.com". Findarticles.com. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1077/is_n11_v50/ai_17362107. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Archive for the Psychology of Religion By Jacob A Belzen, Nils G Holm, p.51
- ^ "Religion & Ethics NewsWeekly . PROFILE . Muslim Converts . October 8, 2004 PBS". Pbs.org. 2004-10-08. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/week806/profile.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Islam Online[dead link]
- ^ UPS (17 May 1975) "Militant is Hanged in Trinidad After Long Fight for Clemency." New York Times.
- ^ "One Be Lo MP3 Downloads - One Be Lo Music Downloads - One Be Lo Music Videos - One Be Lo Pictures". MP3.com. http://www.mp3.com/artist/one-be-lo/summary/. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Sufi Review (Pir Publications, Spring 1997), p.5-8
- ^ "Omar Ong Yoke Lin: the passing of an era". The Malaysian Insider. 1 July 2010. http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/omar-ong-yoke-lin-the-passing-of-an-era/. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
- ^ Dr S. M. Abdullah (Khulusi 1963, pp. 234–235).
- ^ "Akhénaton". RFI Musique. http://www.rfimusique.com/sitefr/biographie/biographie_9046.asp. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Docteur Philippe Grenier". Saphirnews.com. http://www.saphirnews.com/Docteur-Philippe-Grenier_a1740.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ By CHRISTOPHER JOHN FARLEY Monday, Dec. 06, 1999 (1999-12-06). "Hip-Hop's Next Wave". TIME. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,992761-2,00.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Special Dispatch Series - No. 1112". MEMRI. http://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=archives&Area=sd&ID=SP111206. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Published: 12:01AM BST 01 Jul 2006 (2006-07-01). "Charles Smith". London: Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?view=DETAILS&grid=&xml=/news/2006/07/01/db0103.xml. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ [11][dead link]
- ^ Vibrant Andalusía: the spice of life in southern Spain By Ana Ruiz, pg. 139
- ^ To the ends of the earth: the age of the European explorers By Peter O. Koch, pg.115
- ^ [ibid]
- ^ "Sahib Shihab, MP3 Music Download at eMusic". Emusic.com. http://www.emusic.com/artist/Sahib-Shihab-MP3-Download/11736427.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Shahid, Muhammad Haneef (2002). Why Women Are Accepting Islam. Darussalam. pp. 282–284. ISBN 9-7899-608-6172-2. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CMOreBqoaKMC&pg=PA283&dq=%22Saida+Miller+Khalifa%22&hl=en&ei=WUcvTfXPK4S3hAevmNjmCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22Saida%20Miller%20Khalifa%22&f=false.
- ^ Wolfe, Michael (1998). One Thousand Roads to Mecca. Grove Press. p. 506. ISBN 9-7808-021-3599-5. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_84CPd7_exkC&pg=PA504&dq=%22Saida+Miller+Khalifa%22&hl=en&ei=WUcvTfXPK4S3hAevmNjmCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22Saida%20Miller%20Khalifa%22&f=false.
- ^ MWA: Muslims With Attitude
- ^ "conversion article by a journalist, Steven Schwartz". Naqshbandi.org. http://www.naqshbandi.org/events/articles/conversion_schwartz.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ Al Jazeera English - Archive - Plea To Free German Captive
- ^ New Sunday Times, Malaysia. "Tiara's true to her roles" (18 September 2005)
- ^ "The World of Islam: Its Arts". Saudi Aramco World. http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/197603/the.world.of.islam-its.arts.htm. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ [12]
- ^ ZMag Bio: Uri Davis, accessed June 12, 2006
- ^ [13]
- ^ Ralph Hickok. "Biography - Walt Hazzard". HickokSports.com. http://www.hickoksports.com/biograph/hazzardwalt.shtml#other. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ LynnSys (1920-10-09). "About Yusef". Yusef Lateef. http://www.yuseflateef.com/AboutYusef.html. Retrieved 2010-04-07.
- ^ "Muslim convert who threatened South Park creators for mocking Islam jailed for 25 years". Daily Mail (London). 2011-02-26. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1360861/Muslim-convert-threatened-South-Park-creators-mocking-Islam-jailed-25-years.html.
Categories:- Converts to Islam
- Conversion to Islam
- Islam-related lists
- Lists of Muslims
- Lists of religious converts
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
