Joel Hayward

Infobox Scientist


image_width = 150px
name = Joel S.A. Hayward
box_width = 300px
birth_date = 27 May 1964
birth_place = Christchurch, New Zealand
residence = Lincolnshire, England, UK
citizenship = New Zealand
field = Military history
work_institutions = King's College London
Royal Air Force College, Cranwell
Massey University (through 2002)
alma_mater = University of Canterbury, B.A. (1991), M.A. (1993), Ph.D. (1996)
known_for = history of air power strategy during World War II; biography of Horatio Lord Nelson; controversy over 1993 M.A. thesis on historiography of Holocaust denial

Joel S.A. Hayward (born 1964), is a New Zealand military historian and analyst who has worked in the United Kingdom since 2004. He is best known for his published works on the use of air power by the German military during World War II, his 2003 biography of Horatio Lord Nelson, and a controversy over his 1993 M.A. thesis on the historiography of Holocaust denial in which it was charged that he was a Holocaust denier. Hayward is Head of Air Power Studies at King's College London and, as of 1 April 2007, is Dean of the Royal Air Force College, Cranwell. In August 2007 the Royal Air Force appointed him a Director of the Royal Air Force Centre for Air Power Studies. He holds fellowships from the United States Air Force and the Federal Government of Germany. [http://www.kcl.ac.uk/schools/sspp/defence/staff/air/jhayward.html "Dr. Joel Hayward."] King's College London website. Accessed 27 April 2008.]

Biography

Early life

Hayward was born on 27 May 1964 in Christchurch, New Zealand to John and Lorraine Hayward and given the name Stuart Andrew Hayward.Scanlon, Sean. (2000-05-20). [http://www.nizkor.org/ftp.cgi/people/h/ftp.py?people/h/hayward.joel/press/The_Press.000520 "Making history."] "The Press" (Christchurch). Archived at the Nizkor Project. Retrieved on 2007-06-22.] In 1986, he married Kathleen Michie at St. Kentigerns Presbyterian Church in the Christchurch suburb of New Brighton. In 1989, Hayward changed his first name to "Joel", following what he would later explain was a "choice to go through life with a first name that has deep spiritual significance for me."

Hayward developed an interest in Jewish history and the Hebrew language as a result of his maternal grandmother's self-identification as a Jew. He gained a strong reading ability in Hebrew and made trips to Israel, and was a member of a national organization with both Jewish and Christian membership, The New Zealand Friends of Israel, Inc.Hayward, Joel. (2003). [http://www.joelhayward.com/myoverviewoftheaffair.htm "My overview of 'The Canterbury affair.'"] Joel Hayward's Old Website. Retrieved on 2007-06-25.]

Education at University of Canterbury

Bachelor of Arts

In 1988 Hayward enrolled with the University of Canterbury in Christchurch to pursue a Bachelor of Arts degree, which he received on 8 May, 1991 with papers taken primarily in the Departments of History and Classics.Joel Hayward Working Party. (2000-12-20). " [http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/hayward/report.PDF Report to the Council of The University of Canterbury.] " University of Canterbury, p. 5.]

In 1989, while pursuing his undergraduate studies, Hayward took part in founding an association called Opposition to Anti-Semitism Inc.(OAS), which he headed until 1991, when he left the group. He later stated he left the group due to a personality clash with another member; in a biographical note to an article he published in January 1992 in an Australian Jewish publication in January 1992, he said he left the organization due to pressure of work.Joel Hayward Working Party, 2000, p. 6.] While with OAS, Hayward published several articles on anti-Semitism and became interested in the historiography of Holocaust denial.

Master of Arts

Following the award of his B.A., Hayward commenced a Master's Degree program at University of Canterbury. He first considered a thesis topic in Ancient History, but was informed by faculty in the Classics Department that he would need to study another year of Greek and Latin first. After consultation with Dr. Vincent Orange, a Reader (equivalent to Associate ProfessorJoel Hayward Working Party, 2000, pp. 12.] ) in the History Department who became his thesis supervisor, Hayward settled on the topic of the historiography of Holocaust denial.Joel Hayward Working Party, 2000, pp. 6-7.] Hayward later stated that this topic combined three of his great interests: World War II, the German language, and Jewish history. Besides his thesis, Hayward was also required for the M.A. degree to complete four honours papers, which he wrote during 1992. The four honours grades together constituted fully half of Hayward's master's program. All four papers underwent examination both internally and externally before their grades (an A-, two As, and an A+) were confirmed.

The bulk of Hayward's thesis was written in 1991, prior to his four honours papers, with the conclusion written in early 1993.Joel Hayward Working Party, 2000, p. 67.] Entitled "The Fate of Jews in German hands: An Historical Enquiry into the Development and Significance of Holocaust Revisionism",Hayward, Joel. (1993). "The Fate of Jews in German Hands: An Historical Enquiry into the Development and Significance of Holocaust Revisionism." Thesis (M.A.). University of Canterbury, 1993. See [http://ipac.canterbury.ac.nz/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=11KI193O01458.320&profile=a&source=~!culib&uri=full=3100001~!373451~!8&ri=2&aspect=subtab13&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=Hayward,+Joel+S.+A.&index=AUTHOR&uindex=&aspect=subtab13&menu=search&ri=2 here] for more information.] , the thesis underwent examination by internal examiner Dr. Vincent Orange of University of Canterbury's History Department and external examiner Professor John Jensen of Waikato University before its grade of A+ was confirmed by Professor W. David McIntyre, also of University of Canterbury's History Department.

Hayward's M.A. in History with First Class Honours was conferred on 7 May 1993.

Ph.D.

Hayward went on to pursue a Ph.D. degree, also at University of Canterbury, again under the supervision of Dr. Vincent Orange.Joel Hayward Working Party, 2000, p. 26.] He initially considered to enroll for the Ph.D. with a biography of well-known Holocaust denier David Irving as a dissertion topic, apparently at Irving's suggestion,Joel Hayward Working Party, 2000, p. 66.] but instead embarked on a study of German air operations during World War II. In 1994, the U.S. Air Force Historical Research Agency, located within the Air University at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, awarded him a research scholarship to conduct research for his dissertation in its archives; he subsequently received a research fellowship from the Federal Government of Germany which enabled him to conduct doctoral research in the German Military Archives in Freiburg, Germany.Hayward, Joel S.A. (1997). [http://www.joelhayward.org/stalingradairlift.htm "Stalingrad: An Examination of Hitler’s Decision to Airlift."] "Airpower Journal" 11(1): 21–37. Spring 1997. Author note.]

Hayward was awarded a Ph.D. in 1996. His thesis, "Seeking the Philosopher's Stone: Luftwaffe Operations during Hitler's Drive to the East, 1942–1943"Hayward, Joel. (1996). "Seeking the Philosopher's Stone: Luftwaffe Operations during Hitler's Drive to the East, 1942–1943." Ph.D. thesis. University of Canterbury, 1996.] became the basis for his first book, ',Hayward, Joel. (1998). '> Modern War Studies series. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0700611460.] which was published in 1998.

Academic and professional career

Massey University

In June 1996 Hayward joined the History Department at Massey University (Palmerston North Campus) as a Lecturer in Defence and Strategic Studies,Joel Hayward Working Party, 2000, pp. 12.] receiving promotion to Senior Lecturer in August 1999. He specialized in the theoretical and conceptual aspects of modern warfare, airpower, joint doctrines, and manoeuvre warfare. He continued in that position until June 2002. [http://www.joelhayward.org/ Joel Hayward's Books and Articles] (official website). Accessed on 2007-06-20.]

While at Massey, Hayward in 1999 was organizer of New Zealand's largest defence conference, held 21-22 August at Massey University's Turitea campus. The conference, entitled "Coalitions and Conflict — The Transition of Warfare 1899 to 1999 and Beyond," focused on coalition warfare and was jointly hosted by Massey University and the New Zealand Army's Military Studies Institute.Massey University. (1999-08-13). [http://masseynews.massey.ac.nz/1999/mnews/august/events/defence.htm "Conference to contribute to defence debate."] Massey News Archive. Retrieved on 2007-06-26.] Hayward was conference convenor of Massey's third annual defence conference in August 2000, again co-hosted by the New Zealand Army, with discussion focusing on the trend towards integrating the three armed services (army, air force, and navy) under unified command.Massey University. (2000-09-11). [http://masseynews.massey.ac.nz/2000/publications/massey_news/september/sept_11/stories/defence_conference.htm "Defence conference timely."] Massey News Archive. Retrieved on 2007-06-26.] Hayward also acted as editor of the conference proceedings, which took its title from the conference's theme, "Joint Future? The Move to Jointness and Its Implications for the New Zealand Defence Force".Hayward, Joel S.A., ed. (2000). "A Joint Future? The Move to Jointness and its Implications for the New Zealand Defence Force." Massey University, Centre for Defence Studies.]

From 1997 to 2004 he was also lecturer at the Officer Cadet School of the New Zealand Army [http://www.joelhayward.org/ Joel Hayward's Books and Articles] (official website). Accessed on 2007-06-20.] , where he taught general military history from Alexander the Great to the Balkan War, and at the Command and Staff College of the Royal New Zealand Air Force, where he taught airpower history and doctrine and supervised advanced research in military history. During the same period he also taught strategic thought at the Royal New Zealand Naval College. He also wrote academic articles for general military and military history publications.

Work in the United Kingdom

Hayward has lived and worked in the United Kingdom since 2004, first teaching strategy and operational art at the Joint Services Command and Staff College. In November 2005 he became the head of the newly created Air Power Studies Division, a specialist unit of twelve Defence Study academics established by the Royal Air Force and King's College London at the Royal Air Force College, Cranwell. [http://www.kcl.ac.uk/schools/sspp/defence/staff/air/ "Staff at RAF Cranwell."] King's College London website. Accessed 18 June 2007.] Hayward was appointed Dean of the RAF College, Cranwell in April 2007. He is a Director of the Royal Air Force Centre for Air Power Studies. He holds fellowships from the United States Air Force and the Federal Government of Germany.

Controversy over M.A. thesis

Hayward's M.A. thesis was opposed even before it was completed. The university was contacted by members of Hayward's own group, Opposition to Anti-Semitism Inc (OAS) who had in 1991 recorded Hayward making statements which in their view constituted Holocaust denial. OAS stated that Hayward had argued that Hitler did not personally plan the Holocaust and that the "final solution" was a very brutal policy of "forced expulsion".Joel Hayward Working Party, 2000, p. 17.] Their intervention was rejected by the university which went on to assess the M.A. thesis and consider it worthy of the highest grade. Dr. Orange, who both supervised and assessed the dissertation, summarised its conclusion in the words "Hayward’s thesis is that the Nazis did not attempt the systematic extermination of Jews during the Second World War. In particular, he finds the evidence that gas chambers were built and used for this purpose unconvincing."Joel Hayward Working Party, 2000, p. 23.]

The dissertation was made unavailable for public study until 1999. When it became available, it ignited controversy. Hayward was again accused of Holocaust denial.Walsh, Rebecca. (2000-12-22). [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=166126 "A-plus equals anger for Jewish groups."] "New Zealand Herald". Retrieved on 2007-06-18.] In 2000, at the request of the New Zealand Jewish Council, the University of Canterbury convened a "Working Party" which issued a report admonishing the university for inadequately supervising Hayward's work.Joel Hayward Working Party, 2000, §5, pp. 64-69.] The report found that Hayward's thesis was "seriously flawed" but did not "establish dishonesty" on his part.Joel Hayward Working Party, 2000, §6.1, p. 70.] Subsequent to the issuance of the Working Party's report, the university apologized to the New Zealand Jewish community, as Hayward also had earlier in the year.Jones, Jeremy. (2000-12-26). [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-38571052.html "New Zealand school apologizes for Holocaust denial thesis."] "Jerusalem Post" (retrieved from [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-38571052.html highbeam.com] ). Retrieved on 2007-06-18. "Earlier this year, Hayward, who is now a senior lecturer in defense and strategic studies at Massey University, apologized to the Jewish community, saying that he now disagrees strongly with his paper. [...] The university's vice chancellor, Daryl Le Grew, apologized to the Jewish community but said the university had no power to revoke the granting of the degree."] Hayward has repudiated his thesis, but Holocaust deniers continued to cite the thesis as evidence of academic support for their positions. Holocaust denier David Irving once praised Hayward's work as a "landmark in the turning of the tide in the favour of historical revisionism".

Writing

Military history

Hayward has authored or co-authored a number of journal articles pertaining to military matters, including "Stalingrad: An Examination of Hitler’s Decision to Airlift" which the U.S. Air Force published in both English and Spanish. ["Airpower Journal", Vol 11, No. 1, pp. 21-, AFRP 10-1, Spring 1997]

Hayward is the author of four books of military history, including "" (1998 and subsequent editions). An assessment of aerial warfare at the Battle of Stalingrad, "Stopped at Stalingrad" was favorably reviewed in the "Times Literary Supplement" [Omer Bartov, "The Times Literary Supplement", Oct 23, 1998, no. 4986 p. 12(2): "Hayward makes a convincing case"] and the journal "War in History"Overy, Richard. "Stopped at Stalingrad" (Book Review)." "War in History" 8(1): 123–125, Jan. 2001.] Hayward's biography of naval commander Horatio Lord Nelson, "For God and Glory: Lord Nelson and His Way of War" (2003), likewise received positive notices,Seamon, Richard. (2003-10)."For God and Glory: Lord Nelson and His Way of War" (Book)." "U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings" 129(10): 114.] Hattendorf, John B. (2004-01). "For God and Glory: Lord Nelson and His Way of War" (Book)." "Journal of Military History" 68(1): 252–253.] with one reviewer recommending it as "a fresh and original contribution" on Lord Nelson that could also serve as a reference companion for viewers of the film based on the Patrick O'Brian novels set during the "Age of Nelson."Lutton, Wayne. (2004-05-17). "Master and Commander: A Reader's Guide." "Human Events" 60(17): 30.]

A work-in-progress, "A "Bomb and Pray" War: Explaining Yugoslavia's Stubborn Resistance to NATO Coercion in 1999", examining the military concepts of "coercion", "deterrence", and the "effects based approach" through a conflict-specific analysis of the Kosovo War, is due to be published in 2008.

Fiction and poetry

In 2003, Totem Press, a New Zealand publisher based in Palmerston, New Zealand published Hayward's "Jenny Green Teeth and Other Short Stories" (which the "Evening Standard" reviewed as "superb") ["Evening Standard", May 9, 2003: "Superb... Deep, brooding and intense... This is storytelling, and New Zealand fiction, at its best."] as well as a volume of poetry called "Lifeblood" (which the "Evening Standard" reviewed as "memorable and insightful"). ["Evening Standard", May 9, 2003: "Memorable and insightful... Thumbs up for Hayward's work"] Hayward has made both volumes available as free downloads through his website.Hayward, Joel. (2003) " [http://www.joelhayward.org/jennygreenteeth.htm Jenny Green Teeth and other short stories.] " Palmerston North, New Zealand: Totem Press.] Hayward, Joel, (2003). " [http://www.joelhayward.org/lifeblood.htm Lifeblood (A Book of Poems).] " Palmerston North, New Zealand: Totem Press.]

Bibliography

Graduate studies work

* (1993). "The Fate of Jews in German Hands: An Historical Enquiry into the Development and Significance of Holocaust Revisionism." Thesis (M.A.). University of Canterbury, 1993.
* (1996). "Seeking the Philosopher's Stone: Luftwaffe Operations during Hitler's Drive to the East, 1942–1943." Ph.D. thesis. University of Canterbury, 1996.

Journal articles (selection)

This is a selected bibliography of peer-reviewed articles.

* (1995). "Hitler's Quest for Oil: The Impact of Economic Considerations on Military Strategy, 1941–42." "The Journal of Strategic Studies" 18(4): 94-135. December 1995. Reprinted in Jeremy Black, ed., "The Second World War, Volume I: The German War 1939–1942" (London: Ashgate, 2007), pp. 441–482.
* (1997). [http://www.joelhayward.org/stalingradairlift.htm "Stalingrad: An Examination of Hitler’s Decision to Airlift."] "Airpower Journal" 11(1): 21–37. Spring 1997. Also published by the U.S. Air Force in a Portuguese translation as [http://www.joelhayward.org/usaftransinportuguese.htm "Estalingrado: Um Exame da Decisão de Hitler a Respeito do Transporte Aéreo."]
* (1997). "The German Use of Airpower at Kharkov, May 1942." "Air Power History" 44(2): 18–29. Summer 1997.
* (1997). "Von Richthofen's 'giant fire-magic': The Luftwaffe's Contribution to the Battle of Kerch, 1942." "The Journal of Slavic Military Studies" 10(2): 97–124. June 1997.
* (1998). "A Case Study in Effective Command: An Analysis of Field Marshal Richthofen's Character and Career." "New Zealand Army Journal" 18: 7–18. January 1998.
* (1999). [http://www.joelhayward.org/natoswarinthebalkans.htm "NATO's War in the Balkans: A Preliminary Analysis."] "New Zealand Army Journal" 21: 1–17. July 1999.
* (1999). [http://www.joelhayward.org/earlyjointwarfare.htm "A Case Study in Early Joint Warfare: An Analysis of the Wehrmacht's Crimean Campaign of 1942."] "The Journal of Strategic Studies" 22(4): 103–130. December 1999. Also in German translation as [http://www.joelhayward.org/integrietekriegfuehrung.htm "Eine Fallstudie früher integrierter Kriegführung: Eine Analyse des Krimfeldzuges der Wehrmacht im Jahre 1942."] Reprinted in Jeremy Black, ed., "The Second World War, Volume I: The German War 1939–1942" (London: Ashgate, 2007), pp. 483–510.
* (2000). [http://www.joelhayward.org/luftwaffevssovietoil.htm "Too Little, Too Late: An Analysis of Hitler's Failure in August 1942 to Damage Soviet Oil Production."] "The Journal of Military History" 64(3): 769–794. July 2000. Also in Spanish translation as [http://www.delaguerra.es/PDFs/Campana_Bombardeo_Alemana_contra_Petroleo_Sovietico.pdf "Demasiado Poco, Demasiado Tarde: Un Análisis del Fracaso de Hitler en Agos-to de 1942 de Dañar la Producción Pe-trolífera Soviética."] Reprinted in Jeremy Black, ed., "The Second World War, Volume I: The German War 1939–1942" (London: Ashgate, 2007), pp. 511–536.
* (2001). [http://webzoom.freewebs.com/joelhayward3/7166116.pdf "Horatio Lord Nelson's Warfighting Style and the Maneuver Warfare Paradigm."] "Defence Studies" 1(2): 15–37. Summer 2001.
* (2002). [http://www.joelhayward.org/prayersbeforebattle.htm "Prayers Before Battle: The Spiritual Utterances of Three Great Commanders."] "US Army Chaplaincy Journal" (Winter-Spring 2002), pp. 32-40.
* (2002). [http://webzoom.freewebs.com/joelhayward3/adfj155.pdf "Current and Future Command Challenges for New Zealand Defence Force Personnel."] "Australian Defence Force Journal" 155: 39–45. July/August 2002.

Monographs

* (2000). " [http://www.joelhayward.org/adolfhitlerandjointw.htm Adolf Hitler and Joint Warfare.] " "Military Studies Institute Working Papers Series" No. 2/2000. Military Studies Institute, New Zealand Defence Force. (44 pp.)

Books

Military history

* (1998). "" Modern War Studies series. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0700611460.
* (2000). (edited). "A Joint Future? The Move to Jointness and its Implications for the New Zealand Defence Force." Massey University, Centre for Defence Studies.
* (2003). "For God and Glory: Lord Nelson and His Way of War". Annapolis, MD: U.S. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1591143519.
* (2003). (edited with Glyn Harper). "Born to Lead? Portraits of New Zealand Commanders". Auckland: Exisle Publishing. ISBN 0908988338.
* (2006). "Stalingrad". Pen & Sword Battleground series. London: Millennium. ISBN 1844154742.

Works-in-progress

* (Expected Fall or Winter 2008). "A "Bomb and Pray" War: Explaining Yugoslavia's Stubborn Resistance to NATO Coercion in 1999".

Fiction and poetry

* (2003). " [http://www.joelhayward.org/jennygreenteeth.htm Jenny Green Teeth and other short stories.] " Palmerston North, New Zealand: Totem Press. ISBN 0958244634.
* (2003). " [http://www.joelhayward.org/lifeblood.htm Lifeblood (A Book of Poems).] " Palmerston North, New Zealand: Totem Press. ISBN 0958244618.

Conference papers and presentations

* (2006). [http://www.airpowerstudies.co.uk/Hendon-Air-Power-Conference.pdf "The Luftwaffe’s Agility: An Assessment of Relevant Concepts and Practices."] Paper presented at the biennial Air Power Conference, Hendon, London, U.K., 9 and 20 July 2006.
* (2006). [http://www.airpowerstudies.co.uk/Hendon-Hay.pdf "The Luftwaffe’s Agility: Some Relevant Concepts and Practices."] Powerpoint presentation to accompany paper presented at the biennial Air Power Conference, Hendon, London, U.K., 9 and 20 July 2006.

References

External links

* [http://www.joelhayward.org/ Joel Hayward's Books and Articles] — current information on publications; includes text of several journal articles.
* [http://www.joelhayward.com/ Joel Hayward's Old Website] — documents Hayward's view of the controversy over his 1993 M.A. thesis; no longer updated.
* [http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/hayward/ The Joel Hayward Working Party] — Working Party at the University of Canterbury which investigated Hayward's thesis in 2000.