- Gibe region
The Gibe region is used to indicate a historic region in modern southwestern
Ethiopia , to the west of the Gibe andOmo River s, and north of the Gojeb. It was the location of the formerOromo and Sidama kingdoms of Gera, Gomma, Garo, Gumma, Jimma, andLimmu-Ennarea .To the north of the Gibe region lay the Macha tribe of the Oromo.
Until the mid 1500s, this region was part of the
Sidama kingdom ofEnnarea ,Hadiya , Janjero and Kaffa, tributary states to the EthiopianSolomonic dynasty . The area was separated however, when the Oromo migrated into the area, destroying Hadiya, isolating Janjero, and reduced the area of Enerea and Kaffa. In the Gibe region, the Oromo came under the cultural influence of the kingdom of Kaffa, from whom they borrowed the concept of hereditary kingship (calledMoti in all of the kingdoms except Limmu-Enerea, where for historical reasons the king was known as the "Supera"), and the practice of delimiting the boundaries or frontier of their states with a system of physical barriers. [Described in detail in G.W.B. Huntingford, "The Galla of Ethiopia; the Kingdoms of Kafa and Janjero" (London: International African Institute, 1955), pp. 55ff]These barriers consisted of palisades or dead hedges, which could extend for miles, separated from the barriers of the neighboring kingdom by a neutral strip (called "moga"), which was left uncultivated and inhabited only by brigands and outlaws. Access into each kingdom was limited to guarded gates known as "kella", where tolls were levied [C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, "Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593-1646" (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lxxviii. Also described in detail in Huntingford, "The Galla of Ethiopia", pp. 57f]
These kingdoms had an economy based on exports of
gold ,civet musk,coffee , and slaves. G.W.B. Huntingford explains that slaves were taken in raids on the Macha tribe to the north, and in raids on the Sidamo kingdoms of Kaffa and Janjero; he also cites evidence to show that 7,000 people a year were sold each year, some to people inside Ethiopia, and some outside that country. [Huntingford, "The Galla of Ethiopia", p. 31]The Gibe region, with the rest of southwestern Ethiopia, was almost entirely annexed between 1886 and 1900 in a series of conquests by the generals of Emperor
Menelik II . The kingdom of Jimma, through skillful diplomacy, managed to delay this fate until the death of its kingAbba Jifar II in 1932.References
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
