Occupy movement

Occupy movement
Part of response to the late-2000s financial crisis, subprime mortgage crisis and impact of the Arab Spring
Protesters in New York, September 2011
Date September 17, 2011 (2011-09-17) – ongoing (63 days) Location Worldwide (2,600+ towns and cities)[1] Status Ongoing Causes Economic inequality, corporate influence over government, inter alia. Characteristics Non violent protest Civil disobedience Occupation Picketing Demonstrations Internet activism General strike Direct action
Arrests/Injuries/Deaths
Arrests: 3,800+,[2] Injuries: 100+,[3] Deaths: 8[4][5][6]

The Occupy movement is an international protest movement which is primarily directed against economic and social inequality.^[7][8] The movement proper started in Kuala Lumpur on July 30, 2011, with Occupy Dataran,^[9][10] followed by New York City and San Francisco on September 17, 2011, with Occupy Wall Street and Occupy San Francisco. By October 9 Occupy protests had taken place or were ongoing in over 95 cities across 82 countries and over 600 communities in the United States.^{[11][12][13][14][15]} As of November 17 the Meetup page "Occupy Together" listed Occupy communities in 2,609 towns and cities worldwide.^[1]

The movement was initiated by the Canadian activist group Adbusters,^[16][17] and partly inspired by the Arab Spring,^[18][19] especially Cairo's Tahrir Square protests, and the Spanish Indignants.^[20][21][22] The movement commonly uses the slogan We are the 99%, the #Occupy hashtag format, and organizes through websites such as "Occupy Together".^[23] According to the Washington Post, the movement, which has been described as a "democratic awakening" by Cornel West, is difficult to distill to a few demands.^[24][25]

On the afternoon of November 11 in Halifax, Nova Scotia,^[26] and later on the night of November 14, authorities forcefully closed down camps around the world in cities such as New York, Oakland and Zurich. Occupiers immediately regrouped and vowed to continue their protests, often returning to the cleared sites.^[27][28]

Background

On May 30, 2011, a leader in the Spanish Indignants movement, inspired by the Arab Spring,^[29][30] made a call for a worldwide protest on October 15.^[31] In mid-2011, the Canadian-based group Adbusters Media Foundation, best known for its advertisement-free anti-consumerist magazine Adbusters, proposed a peaceful occupation of Wall Street to protest corporate influence on democracy, address a growing disparity in wealth, and the absence of legal repercussions behind the recent global financial crisis.^[16] According to the senior editor of the magazine, "[they] basically floated the idea in mid-July into our [email list] and it was spontaneously taken up by all the people of the world, it just kind of snowballed from there."^[16] One of the inspirations for the movement was the Democracy Village set up in 2010, outside the British Parliament in London. The protest received additional attention when the internet group Anonymous encouraged its followers to take part in the protests, calling protesters to "flood lower Manhattan, set up tents, kitchens, peaceful barricades and Occupy Wall Street".^{[20][32][33][34]} They promoted the protest with a poster featuring a dancer atop Wall Street's iconic Charging Bull.^[35][36] The first protest was held at Zuccotti Park in New York City on September 17, 2011.^[37]

Aims and methods

Initially, journalists such as Shannon Bond for the Financial Times had said it was hard to discern a unified aim for the movement, though by later October Adbusters had been trying to "rally it around a single, clear demand" for a Robin Hood tax, with a global march in support of the tax planned for October 29.^[38][39] However, according to Bloomberg Businessweek, protesters want more and better jobs, more equal distribution of income, bank reform, and a reduction of the influence of corporations on politics.^[40] A November article published in the FT argued that a lack of unified aims is still preventing the movement having much influence on the political mainstream, with recent events at the 2011 G-20 Cannes summit suggesting the banks will succeed in forestalling the implementation of a "Robin Hood" style transaction tax.^[41]

Adbusters have been encouraging protesters to use tactical frivolity by improvising theatrics, pranks and "subversive performances".^[39] The movement has been compared to the Situationists and the Protests of 1968, although according to Adbusters co-founder Kalle Lasn, this time the "stakes are much higher".^[42]

Indeed, the movement has gone further to create a diverse, multi-media culture of art production and distribution, which is being archived and gathered by institutions such as the National Museum of American History and New York Historical Society. The purpose of much of the art produced is to visually impact the mainstream through imagery to create solidarity and unity among the 99%.^[43]

Activists have used web technologies and social media like IRC, Facebook, Twitter, and Meetup to coordinate the events.^[44] Indymedia have been helping the movement with communications, saying there have been conference calls on skype with participants from up to 80 locations. Interactive live streams of events by independent journalists such as Tim Pool have been used to augment Mainstream media coverage. The progressive provider May First/People Link offered cost-free memberships for dozens of groups, including in Iran and Germany, to host websites, emails, and email lists securely.

Structure

Much of the movement's work is performed by "working groups," composed of volunteers, with important decisions being taken at "General assemblies." General assemblies take place at most Occupy sites every evening at 7PM. All decisions are made using the consensus model of direct democracy, waving hands in various simple signals and operating with discussion facilitators rather than leaders, a system that may have originated in the Quaker movement several centuries ago. ^[45] At the assemblies, working group proposals are made to meeting participants, who comment upon them using a process called a "stack," a queue of speakers that anyone can join. In New York, Occupy Wall Street uses what is called a progressive stack, in which people from marginalized groups are sometimes allowed to speak before people from dominant groups, with facilitators, or stack-keepers, urging speakers to "step forward, or step back" based on which group they belong to, meaning that women and minorities get to go to the front of the line, while white males must often wait for a turn to speak.^[46][45] The progressive stack concept is controversial inside the Occupy movement, and has been criticized outside the movement as "forced equality" and "unfair."^[47]

Chronology of events

See also: Timeline of Occupy Wall Street

The Occupy Wall Street protests began in New York City on September 17, 2011.^[48] On 9 October 2011, activists in cities in over 25 countries made calls for global protests on 15 October.^[44][49][50] A list of events for October 15 included 951 cities in 82 countries.^[51] On October 15 events were held in many cities worldwide.^[52] It has since been known that Occupy Dataran in Kuala Lumpur started on 30 July 2011, a month and a half before Occupy Wall Street.^[10]

Weeks 1 - 4 (September 17 – October 14)

On September 17, 1,000 protesters marched through the streets, with an estimated 100 to 200 staying overnight in cardboard boxes. By September 19, seven people had been arrested.^[53]

At least 80 arrests were made on September 24, after protesters started marching uptown and forcing the closure of several streets. Most of the 80 arrests were for blocking traffic, though some were also charged with disorderly conduct and resisting arrest. Police officers have also been using a technique called kettling which involves using orange nets to isolate protesters into smaller groups.^[54]

Videos which showed several penned-in female demonstrators being hit with pepper spray by a police official were widely disseminated, sparking controversy. That police official, later identified as Deputy Inspector Anthony Bologna, was shown in other videos hitting a photographer with a burst of spray.

Protesters rallying near New York police headquarters, St. Andrew's Church in the background.

Initially Police Commissioner Raymond W. Kelly and a representative for Bologna defended his actions, while decrying the disclosure of his personal information. After growing public furor, Kelly announced that Internal Affairs and the Civilian Complaint Review Board were opening investigations, again criticizing Anonymous for "[trying] to intimidate, putting the names of children, where children go to school," and adding that this tactic was "totally inappropriate, despicable. Meanwhile, Manhattan District Attorney Cyrus Vance, Jr. started his own inquiry.

Public attention to the pepper-sprayings resulted in a spike of news media coverage, a pattern that was to be repeated in the coming weeks following confrontations with police. Clyde Haberman, writing in The New York Times, said that "If the Occupy Wall Street protesters ever choose to recognize a person who gave their cause its biggest boost, they may want to pay tribute to Anthony Bologna," calling the event "vital" for the still nascent movement. "After Ron Kuby, an attorney for one of the protesters, demanded Mr. Bologna’s arrest, [Bologna] was instead docked 10 vacation days and given a [...] reassignment to Staten Island, where he lives," according to an account by blogger Daniel Edward Rosen.^[55]

On October 1, 2011, protesters set out to march across the Brooklyn Bridge. The New York Times reported that more than 700 arrests were made. The police used ten buses to carry protesters off the bridge. Some said the police had tricked protesters, allowing them onto the bridge, and even escorting them partway across. Jesse A. Myerson, a media coordinator for Occupy Wall Street said, “The cops watched and did nothing, indeed, seemed to guide us onto the roadway.” However, some statements by protesters supported descriptions of the event given by police: for example, one protester Tweeted that "The police didn't lead us on to the bridge. They were backing the [expletive] up."^[56] A spokesman for the New York Police Department, Paul Browne, said that protesters were given multiple warnings to stay on the sidewalk and not block the street, and were arrested when they refused.^[57] By October 2, all but 20 of the arrestees had been released with citations for disorderly conduct and a criminal court summons. On October 4, a group of protesters who were arrested on the bridge filed a lawsuit against the city, alleging that officers had violated their constitutional rights by luring them into a trap and then arresting them; Mayor Bloomberg, commenting previously on the incident, had said that "[t]he police did exactly what they were supposed to do."^[58]

On October 5, joined by union members, students, and the unemployed, the demonstration swelled to the largest yet with an estimated 15,000 marchers joining the protest. Smaller protests continue in cities and on college campuses across the country.

Thousands of union workers joined protesters marching through the Financial District. The march was mostly peaceful—until after nightfall, when scuffles erupted. About 200 protesters tried to storm barricades blocking them from Wall Street and the Stock Exchange. Police responded with pepper spray and penned the protesters in with orange netting.

Inspired by Occupy Wall Street, British protesters organized an occupation of the London Stock Exchange to bring attention to what they saw as unethical behavior on the part of banks. One of the organizers of the protest said the protests are focused against "increasing social and economic injustice in this country." In his opinion, "the Government has made sure to maintain the status quo and let the people who caused this crisis get off scot-free, whilst conversely ensuring that the people of this country pay the price, in particular those most vulnerable."^[59][60][61]

Week 5 - 7 (October 15 – November 4)

On October 15, tens of thousands of demonstrators staged rallies in 900 cities around the world, including Auckland, Sydney, Hong Kong, Taipei, Tokyo, São Paulo, Paris, Madrid, Berlin, Hamburg, Leipzig, and many other cities. In Frankfurt, 5,000 people protested at the European Central Bank and in Zurich, Switzerland's financial hub, protesters carried banners reading "We won't bail you out yet again" and "We are the 99 percent." Protests were largely peaceful, however a protest in Rome that drew thousands turned violent when "a few thousand thugs from all over Italy, and possibly from all over Europe" caused extensive damage.^[62] Thousands of Occupy Wall Street protesters gathered in Times Square in New York City and rallied for several hours.^[63][64] Several hundred protesters were arrested across the U.S., mostly for refusing to obey police orders to leave public areas. In Chicago there were 175 arrests, about 100 arrests in Arizona (53 in Tucson, 46 in Phoenix), and more than 70 in New York City, including at least 40 in Times Square.^[65] Multiple arrests were reported in Chicago, and about 150 people camped out by city hall in Minneapolis.^[66]

In the early morning hours of October 25, police cleared and closed an Occupy Oakland encampment in Frank Ogawa Park in Oakland, California.^[67][68] The raid on the encampment was described as "violent and chaotic at times," and resulted in over 102 arrests but there were no injuries.^[69][70] A street march that afternoon protesting the closure culminated in a confrontation between police and protesters, who sought to re-establish the Ogawa Plaza encampment. During this confrontation, protester Scott Olsen, a former Marine and Iraq War veteran, suffered a skull fracture allegedly caused by a tear-gas projectile or smoke canister fired by police.^[71][70]

By 29 October 2011, there were about 2300 occupied zones around 2000 cities worldwide.^[72]

On November 2, protesters in Oakland, California shut down the Port of Oakland, the fifth busiest port in the nation. Police estimated that about 3,000 demonstrators were gathered at the port and 4,500 had marched across the city, however a member of the Occupy movement was quoted by the BBC as estimating as many as 30,000 may have taken part.^[73]

Week 9 - 11 (November 5 – November 25)

On November 5th, Frankfurt took the day of the Guy Fawkes Night as occasion for an extra loud and long demonstration, and Occupy Portland made its "Move Your $" campaign. November 11th was another international protest day.

On the night of 14 November, a coordinated crackdown was undertaken by authorities around the world, with several camps being forcibly cleared. Examples of such camps include Zuccotti Park in New York, Oakland, Oregon,^[74] Denver and Zurich. For some of the other camps such as the one at St Pauls in London, no physical action was taken, but on 15 November authorities stepped up legal action to gain authorization for a forcible eviction. Protesters from around the world and commentators such as former Financial Times editor Richard Lambert have suggested that the shift to confrontational tactics by authorities is more likely to spur on the movement rather than cause it to disband.^[75][27][28] John Gapper, chief business commentator at the FT, offers a different view. Gapper says even some protestors admit it may be a good thing that camps are being closed down, as they were beginning to alienate even members of the public who were initially fully sympathetic with the movement. Gapper says some of the key intellectual action in the movement is now taking place not in the camps but in the Alternative Banking Group, which was set up by the diplomat Carne Ross and the rocket scientist Cathy O'Neil.^[76]

Occupy Boston received a major legal victory on November 17 after a judge ordered police to allow protestors to remain encamped in the park. A hearing is scheduled for December 1.

Protests

See also: List of Occupy movement protest locations and 15 October 2011 global protests

Australia

Police evicting Occupy Melbourne protesters

"Occupy" demonstrations have taken place in Canberra, Wollongong,^[77] Perth,^[78] Sydney,^[79] Brisbane,^[80] Adelaide^[81] and Melbourne.^[82] The protests were relatively small, each attracting at most several hundred participants. At the Occupy Melbourne protest on October 21, approximately 100 protesters defied police orders to clear the area, and were subsequently removed with force. Approximately 20 arrests were made.^[83]

Belgium

In Brussels there was a large demonstration following the arrival of the so-called 'indignados' in the city. The demonstration took place on the 15th of October and counted between 6,500 and 8,000 participants (estimations varry). A total of seven people where arrested as a group of protesters began vandalising the Dexia bank headquarters and the financial tower. Except for a few smaller incidents the manifestation went by peacefully.^[84]

The Occupy Antwerp (Antwerpen) movement prepared for a first gathering on Saturday 22 October at the Groenplaats, next to the cathedral. About 150-200 people attended a speakers corner. The small socialist party (PVDA) was present and served free soup as well as propaganda for their milionairs tax.

There have been four occupy protests in Leuven, three took place on the 'Grand Market' in the centre of the city and one took place at a building of the city's catholic university. The number of protesters in these rallies varried from 100 to 250. These protest have not included prolonged camping, but the protesters say that it is a possibility in the future.^[85][86]

Occupy Ghent: "Save us, not the bank!", Ghent, November 2, 2011

Occupy Ghent (Gent) started on Saturday 29 October 2011 with 400 people in the South Park (Zuidpark). They received a visit by supporters attending the 'second day of Socialism' (de Tweede Dag van het Socialisme), also held in Ghent on the same day.^[87]

Canada

Occupy Bay Street in Toronto's financial district.

Occupy Montreal demonstration on 15 October 2011

Main article: Occupy Canada

"Occupy" demonstrations have been taking place in at least 20 Canadian cities since October 15. On that day, 5,000 people gathered in Vancouver to protest social injustice, while 150 stayed the night in front of the Vancouver Art Gallery.^[88][89] 2,000 people marched in Toronto on October 15 and around 100 continued to occupy St James Park,^[90] and 1,000 gathered in Montreal to march down Ste-Catharine Street; 85 tents were set up in Victoria square.^[91] Beginning on or around October 23, 2011 approximately 40 people occupied Memorial Park in downtown Sudbury.^[92]

Events have been concentrated in provincial urban areas, and there have yet to be any demonstrations in the territories of Yukon, Northwest Territories, or Nunavut.^[93][94]

On November 5, 2011, Ashlie Gough, 23, was found dead in one of the tents at Occupy Vancouver.^[95] The cause of death is determined to be overdose of cocaine and heroin. ^[96]

Colombia

800 student protesters started occupying universities all around the country on the 12th of November.^[97]

France

Some 300 protesters started occupying Paris's financial district, La Défense, on November the 4th 2011.^[98] Since then on, their camp has been tore down almost daily by police forces and even blankets and food have been confiscated so they have been sleeping outdoors under low temperatures. On November 11th, following a call made on social networks, some 400 additional people joined the occupation.^[99] and occupations started at Nantes, Lyon, Grenoble and Perpignan.

Germany

See also: Occupy Berlin

In Berlin, Occupy movement together with Occupy Frankfurt and Hamburg initiated its protests outside the Reichstag on Friday 15 October. Occupy Frankfurt has now taken residence in front of the European Central Bank, and a similar action is being prepared on the premises of the St. Mary's Church, Berlin.^[100] On 12 November major Occupy protests took place in Berlin and Frankfurt.^[101][102] Police reported that around 9,000 people peacefully protested near the headquarters of the European Central Bank, and that "several thousand" people took to the streets of Berlin; organisers of the protests claimed that turnout was around 8,000 in Berlin and 10,000 in Frankfurt.^[101][102]

Hong Kong

On October 15 an Occupy camp was established outside the Asian headquarters of HSBC Holdings in Central, Hong Kong.^[103][104] As of November 11 the camp was still in place, with around 20 permanent residents.^[104]

Israel

On October 15 an occupation named "Occupy Rothschild" began in Rothschild Boulevard, Tel Aviv.^[105] The occupation was related to the 2011 Israeli social justice protests which began in Rothschild on July 14. ^[106]

Italy

See also: 2011 Rome demonstration

On October 15, 2011, about 200,000 people^[107] gathered in Rome to protest against economic inequality and the influence of the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund on government.^[108] Many other protests occurred in other Italian cities the same day.^[109]

In Rome masked and hooded militants wearing makeshift body armor, in black bloc fashion, infiltrated the protests centered in St John Lateran square and committed numerous violent acts, throwing Molotov cocktails and other homemade explosives, burning and blowing up cars, burning buildings, and smashing up property such as ATMs and shop windows.^[110] The Roman Catholic church Santi Marcellino e Pietro al Laterano received extensive damage, including a statue of the Virgin Mary being thrown into the street and destroyed.^[110] Several unexploded petrol bombs were reportedly found on several streets by Italian police.^[110] Over 1,000,000 euros of damage (equivalent to over 1.3 million dollars) was recorded.^[110] At least 135 people were injured in the resulting clashes, including 105 police officers, several of whom were left in critical condition,^[111] and two news crews from Sky Italia.^[110][112] Two protesters had their fingers amputated by exploding smoke bombs.^[110] Almost 20 people have been arrested in connection with the violence.^[110]

After the October 15 demonstration, peaceful people occupied the Santa Croce in Gerusalemme square and started camping as in other cities worldwide. The name of this Rome's group, related to international Occupy movement, is Accampata Roma.

Malaysia

See also: Occupy Dataran

The first Occupy Dataran poster on 30 July 2011

The Occupy Dataran movement first held their assembly at Dataran Merdeka (Independence Square) 7 weeks before Occupy Wall Street on July 30, 2011^[113] to create an alternative to the current representative democracy^[114] using the popular assembly model based on principles of participatory democracy.^[115] As part of the 15 October 2011 global protests, over 200 people^[116] took part in 15 October's Occupy Dataran, the largest assembly to date.^[117] In late October, the movement spread to Penang with Occupy Penang^[118] and Kelantan with Occupy Kota Bharu.

Mongolia

S. Ganbaatar, the head of Mongolia's Confederation of Trade Unions (CTU), has announced that the association joins the worldwide occupy protests of Wall Street and other high streets on 20 October 2011.^[119] He claimed that bankers are charging higher interest rates from customers and corporates. In the most recent data in September 2011, the weighted average annual MNT lending rate is 16% in Mongolia.^[120]

New Zealand

Main article: Occupy protests in New Zealand

Six cities across New Zealand have seen "Occupy" protests arise in October, namely Auckland, New Plymouth, Wellington, Christchurch, Dunedin, and Invercargill. Protests in Auckland have drawn up to 3,000 supporters.^[121]

A seventh Occupy protest started on November 19th in the Lower Hutt suburb of Pomare by a group called 'Pomare Community Voice' to highlight what they call the "loss of community" caused by the demolition of state homes in the area. ^{[122] [123]}

Republic of Ireland

Six towns and cities in Ireland are now being occupied; Dublin, Cork, Galway, Waterford, Letterkenny, and Athlone.^[124] It is expected that Roscommon will follow. Protests were held in Dublin,^[125] Cork, and Galway.^[126] The Irish Times described the movement in the following terms: "The group has no hierarchical structure, has set up a Facebook page and Twitter account – with the social media links attracting a very mixed, and sometimes critical, reaction." The protest in Dublin was organized by the "Real Democracy Now! Ireland", and "Occupy Dame Street" protest, set up outside the Central Bank of Ireland in solidarity with the Occupy Wall Street movement in New York. On 22 October is was reported that over 2,000 people took part in the Occupy Dame Street demonstration.^[127]

South Korea

Hundreds of protesters held rallies in the South Korean capital Seoul on October 15 and October 22 under the slogan of "Occupy Seoul". Protesters focused on issues such as a recent free trade agreement with the United States as well as costs of tuition and rent.^{[128][129][130]}

Switzerland

On October 15th Occupy protests, its participants numbering at about 500-1,000 took place in front of the offices of UBS and Credit Suisse on the Paradeplatz in Zurich.^[131] 100 protesters later established an occupation on the nearby Lindenhof, which was evicted by the police on November 15th.

United Kingdom

See also: Occupy London

A tent at the Occupy London encampment in the City of London

As part of the 15 October 2011 global protests, protesters gathered in London, Bristol, Birmingham, Glasgow and Edinburgh.^[132] The London Stock Exchange in Paternoster Square was the initial target for the protesters of Occupy London on October 15, 2011.^[59][61][60] Attempts to occupy the square were thwarted by police.^[60][133] Police sealed off the entrance to the square as it was private property, and a High Court injunction had been granted against public access to the square.^[134] 2500-3000 people gathered nearby outside St Paul's Cathedral, with 250 camping overnight.^[133] The canon of St. Paul's, Reverend Giles Fraser, said he was happy for people to "exercise their right to protest peacefully" outside the cathedral and an indefinite encampment was established.^[133] Additional smaller protests occurred in Birmingham ^[135] and Nottingham.^[136] As of 17 October an indefinite encampment had also been established on College Green in Bristol.^[137] On 29 October a camp was also established in Victoria Gardens, Brighton, and grew from six tents to around twenty within one week.^[138] Further Occupy camps are taking place in Bath, Bradford, Leeds, Sheffield, Newcastle, Plymouth, Exeter, and Norwich.^[139]

In Northern Ireland, Occupy Belfast initiated its protest outside the offices of Invest NI on Friday 21 October. Occupy Belfast has now taken residence at Writer's Square, in the Cathedral Quarter.^[140] It is expected that an Occupy Derry will take place in the near future.

In Scotland camps have been organised around the financial district of St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh since Saturday the 15th October. St. Andrews Square is the home of the Royal Bank of Scotland headquarters in the Dundas House mansion. Protesters from Occupy Glasgow had set up in the civic George Square on 15th October but moved to Kelvingrove Park where the council would provide running water, toilets and safety fences after the council obtained a court order.

On 11/11/2011 police arrested 170 EDL members on Armistice Day when intelligence revealed EDL members planned to attack campers at St Paul's Cathedral.^[141]

On the 15th of November an Occupy camp was established in the centre of Leicester near the Highcross shopping centre.^[142]

United States

The General Assembly meeting in Washington Square Park, New York City on October 8, 2011

Main article: Occupy movement in the United States

See also: List of Occupy movement protest locations in the United States

The Occupy Wall Street protests began in New York City in September 2011.^[15] The Canadian activist group Adbusters initiated the protests which have since become a worldwide movement.^[143] The protests have focused on social and economic inequality, high unemployment, greed and corruption, and the undue influence of corporations—particularly that of the financial services sector—on government.^[144] The protest movement uses the slogan We are the 99% in reference to discrepancies in income or political power between the elites and all the remaining citizens of the United States.^[145] By October 9, similar demonstrations were either ongoing or had been held in 70 major cities and over 600 communities across the U.S.^[15]

Reactions

Political

 Brazil On 15 October 2011, President Dilma Rousseff said, "We agree with some of the expressions that some movements have used around the world [in] demonstrations like the ones we see in the US and other countries."^[146]

 Canada On 15 October 2011, Finance Minister Jim Flaherty expressed sympathy with the protests, stating "There's growing worry about a lack of opportunities for the younger generation — particularly in the United States — and it's up to governments to ensure youth are able to capitalize on their education and find good jobs." He later commented, "I can understand some legitimate frustration arising out of that."^[147]

 India On 19 October 2011, Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India, described the protests as "a warning for all those who are in charge of the processes of governance".^[148]

 United Kingdom On 21 October 2011, Former Prime Minister Gordon Brown said the protests were about fairness. "There are voices in the middle who say, 'Look, we can build a better financial system that is more sustainable, that is based on a better and proportionate sense of what's just and fair and where people don't take reckless risks or, if they do, they're penalized for doing so.'"^[149] On 6 November 2011, Opposition leader Ed Miliband "The challenge is that they reflect a crisis of concern for millions of people about the biggest issue of our time: the gap between their values and the way our country is run." He mentioned that he is "determined that mainstream politics, and the Labour Party in particular, speaks to that crisis and rises to the challenge".^[150]

 United States On 16 October 2011, President Barack Obama spoke in support of the movement, though also asked protesters not to "demonize" finance workers.^[38] Local authorities in the United States have collaborated to develop strategies to respond to the Occupy movement and its encampments, and political leaders in eighteen United States cities consulted on cracking down on the Occupy movement, according to Oakland Mayor Quan, who participated in a conference call.^[151] Within a span of less than 24 hours, municipal authorities in Denver, Salt Lake City, Portland, Oakland and New York City sent in police to crack down on the encampments of the Occupy movement.^[152]

Impact

On November 10th, 2011, The Daily Telegraph reported that occupy had been the "most commonly used English word on the internet and in print" over the past 12 months according to a top ten list published by media analysis company Global Language Monitor.^[153][154]

See also

List of Occupy movement protest locations Timeline of Occupy Wall Street We are the 99% Other U.S. protests 2011 United States public employee protests 2011 Wisconsin protests Tea Party protests

Other international protests 2010–2011 Greek protests 2011 Chilean protests 2011 Israeli social justice protests 2011 United Kingdom anti-austerity protests and 2010 UK student protests Arab Spring Iceland Kitchenware Revolution Spanish 15M Indignants movement

Social movements portal Related articles Bonus Army Corruption Perceptions Index Coxey's Army Grassroots movement Green Feather Movement Hooverville Income inequality in the United States Income tax rates in the United States (1913–2011) List of countries by distribution of wealth List of countries by income equality Plutocracy Protest camp Revolutions of 1848 The One Percent Wealth inequality in the United States

References

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3. ^ "FOTO in VIDEO: 'Elitna skupina moških nadzira finančni sistem'". 24ur.com. http://24ur.com/novice/svet/spopadi-tudi-v-new-yorku.html. Retrieved 2011-10-16. 
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5. ^ "Woman Dies at Occupy Vancouver Site". Associated Press. November 6, 2011. http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/woman-dies-occupy-vancouver-site-14890400. Retrieved November 9, 2011. 
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7. ^ Wall Street protesters: We're in for the long haul Bloomberg Businessweek. Accessed: October 3, 2011.
8. ^ Lessig, Lawrence (October 5, 2011). "#OccupyWallSt, Then #OccupyKSt, Then #OccupyMainSt". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/lawrence-lessig/occupywallst-then-occupyk_b_995547.html. Retrieved October 6, 2011. 
9. ^ "'Occupy Dataran' ends peacefully". The Sun, 16 Oct 2011. http://www.thesundaily.my/news/178302. 
10. ^ ^{a b} Photos of the first Occupy Dataran.
11. ^ Derek Thompson (Oct 15 2011). "Occupy the World: The '99 Percent' Movement Goes Global". The Atlantic. http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/10/occupy-the-world-the-99-percent-movement-goes-global/246757/. Retrieved October 15, 2011. 
12. ^ Shaila Dewan (October 11, 2011). "99 Percenters and 53 Percenters Face Off". The New York Times. http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/11/99-percenters-and-53-percenters-face-off/. Retrieved October 15, 2011. 
13. ^ Karla Adam (October 15, 2011). "Occupy Wall Street protests go global". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/occupy-wall-street-protests-go-global/2011/10/15/gIQAp7kimL_story.html. Retrieved November 8, 2011. 
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29. ^ Frayer, Lauren Inspired by Arab Protests, Spain's Unemployed Rally for Change, in voanews, May 19, 2011
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40. ^ Occupy Wall Street: It’s Not a Hippie Thing By Roger Lowenstein, Bloomberg Businessweek October 27, 2011
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49. ^ 15th october: #United we will re-invent the world.
50. ^ October 15th: Dreaming of a "new global citizen power". Periodismo Humano (Human Journalism). By Juan Luis Sánchez. Translation by Blanca G. Bertolaza. Take The Square. From the article intro: "It does not intend to be just any other demonstration, but to spark off an international social movement. Part of the 15M movement admits to some fragmentation and places hopes of reunification on Saturday."
51. ^ 'Indignant' protests to go global on Saturday. 15 October 2011. AFP via France 24. Article quote: "Protesters will take to the streets worldwide on Saturday, inspired by the 'Occupy Wall Street' and 'Indignants' movements, to vent their anger against alleged corporate greed and government cutbacks."
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55. ^ Rosen, Daniel Edward, "Is Ray Kelly’s NYPD Spinning Out of Control?", The [New York] Observer, 11/01/2011 6:39pm. 2011-11-03.
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58. ^ ELIZABETH A. HARRIS (October 5, 2011). "Citing Police Trap, Protesters File Suit". The New York Times: p. A25. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/05/nyregion/citing-police-trap-protesters-file-suit.html?_r=1. Retrieved October 17, 2011. 
59. ^ ^{a b} "Occupy Wall Street protests come to London". The Guardian. Press Association. 2011-10-12. http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2011/oct/12/occupy-london-stock-exchange-protests. Retrieved October 12, 2011. "Protests against the global financial system which have seen huge demonstrations in New York's Wall Street will spread to the City of London this weekend. ...] the so-called OccupyLSX [...] We stand in solidarity with Occupy Wall Street, protesters in Spain, Greece and the Middle East who started this movement." 
60. ^ ^{a b c} "Anti-corporate protests to hit London". The Sydney Morning Herald. AFP. 2011-10-12. http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/anticorporate-protests-to-hit-london-20111012-1lk1e.html. Retrieved October 12, 2011. "Protests against corporate power that have taken hold in the US are to hit Britain on Saturday with a rally in front of the London Stock Exchange. Occupy London Stock Exchange (OccupyLSX) [...] is backed by British anti-austerity group UK Uncut, the London-based Assembly of the Spanish 15M movement and the People's Assemblies Network Global Day of Action." 
61. ^ ^{a b} "Occupy London Stock Exchange attracts 9,000 followers on Facebook". Metro. 2011-10-12. http://www.metro.co.uk/news/878306-occupy-london-stock-exchange-attracts-9-000-followers-on-facebook. Retrieved October 12, 2011. "A group called Occupy London Stock Exchange said a Facebook page about the protests had attracted more than 9,000 followers with more than 3,500 confirmed attendees. Campaigning organisations, including direct action group UK Uncut, confirmed they will support the action in the heart of the capital's financial centre on Saturday." 
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89. ^ Occupy Vancouver protesters say they aren't moving, The Vancouver Sun, 27 October 2011.
90. ^ Occupy Toronto protesters settle in at St. James Park, The Star, 16 October 2011.
91. ^ Occupy Montreal continues in Victoria Square, CBC News, 17 October 2011.
92. ^ Mulligan, Carol. The Sudbury Star. http://www.thesudburystar.com/ArticleDisplay.aspx?e=3344268. 
93. ^ Occupy Canada rallies spread in economic 'awakening'
94. ^ This is what democracy looks like: Occupying Wall Street and Bay Street
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96. ^ Vancouver occupier Ashlie Gough died of heroin, cocaine overdose: Coroner
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101. ^ ^{a b} "German police say more than 10,000 are protesting against the banks’ dominance". The Washington Post. 12 November 2011. http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/german-police-say-more-than-10000-are-protesting-against-the-banks-dominance/2011/11/12/gIQAvSewEN_story.html. Retrieved 12 November 2011. 
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103. ^ "Occupy Central Hong Kong Protesters Enter Their Second Day". Bloomberg. 16 October 2011. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-10-16/occupy-central-hong-kong-protesters-enter-their-second-day.html. Retrieved 18 November 2011. 
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105. ^ "Occupy Israel: Tents down, struggle continues". RT. 22 October 2011. http://rt.com/news/occupy-israel-people-struggle-475/. Retrieved 15 November 2011. 
106. ^ From Rothschild to Zuccotti, similarities continue
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108. ^ "Rome descends into chaos as protests turn violent". RT. 15 October 2011. http://rt.com/news/occupy-rome-protest-violent-943/. Retrieved 15 October 2011. 
109. ^ "In altre città iniziative pacifiche". ANSA. 15 October 2011. http://www.ansa.it/web/notizie/photostory/primopiano/2011/10/15/visualizza_new.html_671615437.html. Retrieved 15 October 2011. 
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116. ^ "Singapore leads Asian reticence in denouncing corporate greed". Reuters. 16 Oct 2011. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/10/16/us-protests-asia-idUSTRE79F08O20111016. 
117. ^ 'Occupy Dataran' group dispersed by police, Malaysiakini, 16 Oct 2011
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126. ^ Movement spreads to Galway's Eyre Square, The Irish Times, 17 October 2011.
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128. ^ #OccupySeoul
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135. ^ 15/11/2011. "Occupy Birmingham UK - Occupying Birmingham Since 15/10/11". Loccupybirmingham.co.uk. http://www.occupybirmingham.co.uk/. Retrieved 2011-11-15. 
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Further reading

• Berg, A.G. and Ostry, J.D. (September 2011) "Equality and Efficiency" Finance and Development (Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund)

External links

• Occupy Together
• Wiki Occupy
• www.15october.net
• Occupy Together Meetups Everywhere at Meetup
• Occupy movement's channel on YouTube
• National Student Protest Scheduled: 10/13/2011—List of participating colleges, from occupycolleges.org

News media

• Occupy movement collected news and commentary at The Guardian
• Occupy Wall Street collected news and commentary at The New York Times
• Blodget, Henry (October 11, 2011). "Charts: Here's What The Wall Street Protesters Are So Angry About...". Business Insider. http://www.businessinsider.com/what-wall-street-protesters-are-so-angry-about-2011-10?op=1. Retrieved October 22, 2011. 
• "Occupy" photographs from around the nation from the Denver Post

Related websites

• Inequality.org, from Program on Inequality and the Common Good, an Institute for Policy Studies project
• The Equality Trust
• Occupy Sudbury Facebook