- Medford, Massachusetts
-
Medford, Massachusetts — City — Medford Square
SealLocation in Middlesex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: 42°25′06″N 71°06′24″W / 42.41833°N 71.10667°WCoordinates: 42°25′06″N 71°06′24″W / 42.41833°N 71.10667°W Country United States State Massachusetts County Middlesex Settled 1630 Incorporated 1892 Government - Type Mayor-council city - Mayor Michael J. McGlynn Area - Total 8.6 sq mi (22.4 km2) - Land 8.1 sq mi (21.1 km2) - Water 0.5 sq mi (1.3 km2) Elevation 14 ft (4 m) Population (2010) - Total 56,173 - Density 6,859.9/sq mi (2,633.4/km2) Time zone Eastern (UTC-5) - Summer (DST) Eastern (UTC-4) ZIP code 02153, 02155, 02156 Area code(s) 781 / 339 FIPS code 25-39835 GNIS feature ID 0612778 Website www.medford.org Medford is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, in the United States, on the Mystic River, five miles northwest of downtown Boston. In the 2010 U.S. Census, Medford's population was 56,173. It is the home of Tufts University.
Contents
History
1600s
Medford was settled in 1630 as part of Charlestown, when Thomas Dudley referred to it as "Mistick" (a name which persisted for many decades), which his party renamed "Meadford".[1] In 1634, the land north of the Mystic River became the private plantation of former Governor Matthew Cradock; across the river was Ten Hills Farm, which belonged to John Winthrop, Governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony.[2] The name may have come from a description of the "meadow by the ford" in the Mystic River, or from two locations that Cradock may have been familiar with in England: the hamlet of Mayford or Metford in Staffordshire near Caverswall, or from the parish of Maidford or Medford (now Towcester, Northamptonshire).[3]
In 1637, the first bridge (a toll bridge) across the Mystic River was built at the site of the present-day Cradock Bridge, near Medford Square. It would be the only bridge across the Mystic until 1787, and as such became a major route for traffic coming into Boston from the north (though ferries and fords were also used).[4]
Until 1656, all of northern Medford was owned by Cradock, his heirs, or Edward Collins. Medford was governed as a "peculiar" or private plantation. As the land began to be divided among several people from different families, the new owners began to meet and make decisions locally and increasingly independently from the Charlestown town meeting. In 1674, a Board of Selectmen was elected, in 1684, the colonial legislature granted the ability to raise money independently, and in 1689, a representative to the legislature was chosen. The town got its own religious meeting room in 1690, and a secular meeting house in 1696.[4]
1700s and 1800s
The land south of the Mystic River was known as "Mistick Field". It was transferred from Charlestown to Medford in 1754.[5] This grant also included the "Charlestown Wood Lots" (the Medford part of the Middlesex Fells), and part of what was at the time Woburn (now Winchester).[6] Parts of Medford were transferred to Charlestown in 1811, Winchester in 1850 ("Upper Medford"), and Malden in 1879. Additional land was transferred to Medford from Malden (1817), Everett (1875), and Malden (1877) again.[3][7]
The population of Medford went from 230 in 1700 to 1,114 in 1800. After 1880, the population rapidly expanded, reaching 18,244 by 1900.[8] Farmland was divided into lots and sold to build residential and commercial buildings, starting in the 1840s and 1850s; government services expanded with the population (schools, police, post office) and technological advancement (gas lighting, electricity, telephones, railways).[7] Tufts University was chartered in 1852 and the Crane Theological School at Tufts opened in 1869.
Medford was incorporated as a city in 1892[9] and was a center of industry, including the manufacture of brick[10] and tile, rum,[11] Medford Crackers, and clipper ships [12] such as the White Swallow and the Kingfisher, both built by Hayden & Cudworth.[13]
Transportation
During the 17th century, a handful of major public roads (High Street, Main Street, Salem Street, "the road to Stoneham", and South Street) served the population, but the road network started a long-term expansion in the 18th century.[14] The Medford Turnpike Company was incorporated in 1803, but turned what is now Mystic Avenue over to the city in 1866. The Andover Turnpike Company was incorporated in 1805, but turned what is now Forest Street and Fellsway West over to Medford in 1830.[7]
Other major commercial transportation projects included the Middlesex Canal by 1803,[15] the Boston and Lowell Railroad in West Medford in the 1830s, and the Boston and Maine Railroad to Medford Center in 1847.
A horse-powered street railway began running to Somerville and Charlestown in 1860. The street railway network expanded in the hands of various private companies, and went electric in the late 1890s, when trolleys to Everett and downtown Boston were available.[7] Streetcars were converted to buses in the 20th century. Interstate 93 was constructed between 1956 and 1963.[16]
Gypsy moth
In 1868, a French astronomer and naturalist, Leopold Trouvelot, was attempting to breed a better silkworm using Gypsy moths. Several of the moths escaped from his home, at 27 Myrtle Street. Within ten years, the insect had denuded the vegetation in the neighborhood. It spread over North America.[citation needed]
Holiday songs
In a tavern and boarding house on High Street (Simpson's Tavern) in the late 19th century, local resident James Pierpont wrote "Jingle Bells" after watching a sleigh race from Medford to Malden. Another local resident, Lydia Maria Child (1802–1880), made a poem out of the trip across town to her grandparents' house, now the classic song "Over the River and Through the Woods".
Other notables
Medford was home to Fannie Farmer, author of one of the world's most famous cookbooks—as well as James Plimpton, the man credited with the 1863 invention of the first practical four-wheeled roller skate, which set off a roller craze that quickly spread across the United States and Europe.
George Luther Stearns, an American industrialist and one of John Brown's Secret Six. His passion for the abolitionist cause shaped his life, bringing him into contact with the likes of Abraham Lincoln and Ralph Waldo Emerson and starting The Nation magazine. He was given the rank of major by Massachusetts Governor John Andrew and spent most of the Civil War recruiting for the 54th and 55th Massachusetts regiments and the 5th cavalry.
Amelia Earhart lived in Medford while working as a social worker in 1925.
Elizabeth Short, the victim of an infamous Hollywood murder and who became known as The Black Dahlia, was born in Hyde Park (the southernmost neighborhood of the city of Boston, Massachusetts) but raised in Medford before going to the West Coast looking for fame.
The Peter Tufts House (350 Riverside Ave.) is thought to be the oldest all-brick building in New England. Another important site is the "Slave Wall" on Grove Street, built by "Pomp," a slave owned by the prominent Brooks family. The Isaac Royall House, which once belonged to one of Harvard Law School's founders, Isaac Royall, Jr., is a National Historic Landmark and a local history museum. The house was used by Continental Army troops, including George Washington and John Stark, during the American Revolutionary War.
Medford has sent more than its share of athletes to the National Hockey League; Shawn Bates, though born in Melrose, MA grew up in Medford, as did Keith Tkachuk, Mike Morrison, David Sacco, and Joe Sacco. Former Red Sox pitcher Bill Monbouquette grew up in Medford.
Medford was home to Michael Bloomberg, American businessman, philanthropist, and the founder of Bloomberg L.P., who is currently serving as the Mayor of New York City. Mayor Bloomberg attended Medford High School and resided in Medford until after he graduated from college.[17] His mother remained a resident of Medford until her death in 2011.
The only cryobank of amniotic stem cells in the United States is located in Medford, built by Biocell Center, a biotechnology company led by Giuseppe Simoni.
Medford and the law
Medford is home to some famous crimes:
- A few crooked officers of the Medford Police and Metropolitan District Commission Police forces pulled off one of the biggest bank robberies and jewel heists in world history in 1980, robbing the Depositors Trust bank over the Memorial Day weekend. The book The Cops Are Robbers: A Convicted Cop's True Story of Police Corruption is based upon this event. Salvatore's Restaurant, located at 55 High St in Medford Square, is partially in the same location as the bank that was robbed. The private dining room in the restaurant uses the bank's vault door as an entrance way, and the hole in the corner of the ceiling that the robber's crawled through was left intact for nostagia.
- An admitted Mob execution by Somerville's Irish Winter Hill Gang of Joe Notarangeli took place at the "Pewter Pot" cafe in Medford Square.[18]
- In October 1989, the FBI recorded a Mafia initiation ceremony at a home in Medford.
Geography
Medford is located at 42°25′12″N 71°6′29″W / 42.42°N 71.10806°W (42.419996, −71.107942).[19]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.6 square miles (22 km2), of which, 8.1 square miles (21 km2) of it is land and 0.5 square miles (1.3 km2) of it (5.79%) is water.
A park called the Middlesex Fells Reservation, to the north, is partly within the city. This 2,060-acre (8 km2) preserve is shared by Medford with the municipalities of Winchester, Stoneham, Melrose, and Malden. The Mystic River flows roughly west to southeast through the middle of the city.
Neighborhoods
People from Medford often identify themselves with a particular neighborhood.
- West Medford
- North Medford (a.k.a. The Heights, North, or Fulton Heights)
- Wellington
- Glenwood
- South Medford
- Medford Hillside
- Tufts University (includes Hillside, South Medford)
- Lawrence Estates
Demographics
Historical populations Year Pop. ±% 1790 1,029 — 1800 1,114 +8.3% 1810 1,443 +29.5% 1820 1,474 +2.1% 1830 1,755 +19.1% 1840 2,478 +41.2% 1850 3,749 +51.3% 1860 4,842 +29.2% 1870 5,717 +18.1% 1880 7,573 +32.5% 1890 11,079 +46.3% 1900 18,244 +64.7% 1910 23,150 +26.9% 1920 39,038 +68.6% 1930 59,714 +53.0% 1940 63,083 +5.6% 1950 66,113 +4.8% 1960 64,971 −1.7% 1970 64,397 −0.9% 1980 58,076 −9.8% 1990 57,407 −1.2% 2000 55,765 −2.9% 2001* 55,684 −0.1% 2002* 55,436 −0.4% 2003* 55,517 +0.1% 2004* 55,548 +0.1% 2005* 55,798 +0.5% 2006* 55,621 −0.3% 2007* 55,545 −0.1% 2008* 55,615 +0.1% 2009* 55,578 −0.1% 2010 56,173 +1.1% * = population estimate.
Source: United States Census records and Population Estimates Program data.[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]Irish-Americans are a strong presence in the city and live in all areas. West Medford, the most affluent of Medford's many neighborhoods, was once the bastion of some of Boston's elite families— including Peter Chardon Brooks, one of the wealthiest men in post-colonial America, and father-in-law to Charles Francis Adams — and is also home to an historic African-American neighborhood that dates to the Civil War.[citation needed]
As of the census[31] of 2000, there were 55,765 people, 22,067 households, and 13,505 families residing in the city. The population density was 6,851.3 people per square mile (2,645.1/km²). There were 22,687 housing units at an average density of 2,787.3 per square mile (1,076.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 86.45% White, 6.10% African American, 0.11% Native American, 3.87% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.14% from other races, and 2.30% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.59% of the population.
There were 22,067 households out of which 23.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.6% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.8% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.04.
In the city the population was spread out with 17.9% under the age of 18, 11.0% from 18 to 24, 32.6% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 88.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $52,476, and the median income for a family was $62,409. Males had a median income of $41,704 versus $34,948 for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,707. About 4.1% of families and 6.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.7% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over.
Medford has three Public, educational, and government access (PEG) cable TV channels. The Public-access television channel is TV3, The Educational-access television is channel 15 and 16 is the Government-access television (GATV) municipal channel.
Education
Medford is home to many schools, public and private.
- Elementary
-
- Public
Main article: Medford Public Schools#Elementary Schools- Christopher Columbus Elementary School
- Brooks Elementary School
- John J. McGlynn Elementary School
- Milton Fuller Roberts Elementary School
-
- Private (non-sectarian)
- Eliot-Pearson Children's School (PK-2)[32]
- Gentle-Dragon Preschool (PK)[33]
- Merry-Go-Round Nursery School (PK)
- Play Academy Learning Center (PK-K)[34]
- Oakland Park Children's Center (PK)
- Six Acres Nursery School (PK-K) (non-sectarian, but run through Medford Jewish Community Center)[35]
-
- Private (sectarian)
- Middle School
Main article: Medford Public Schools#Secondary Schools- John J. McGlynn Middle School
- Madeline Dugger Andrews Middle School
- High School
-
- Public
Main article: Medford Public Schools#Secondary Schools- Medford High School
- Medford Vocational Technical High School
- Mascot: Mustang
-
- Private
- Saint Clement's High School (7-12)
Government
County government: Middlesex County Clerk of Courts: Michael A. Sullivan District Attorney: Gerard T. Leone, Jr. Register of Deeds: Richard P. Howe, Jr. (North at Lowell)
Eugene C. Brune (South at Cambridge)Register of Probate: Tara E. DeCristofaro County Sheriff: Peter Koutoujian (D) State government State Representative(s): Paul Donato (D)
Sean Garballey (D)
Carl M. Sciortino, Jr. (D)State Senator(s): Patricia D. Jehlen (D) Governor's Councilor(s): Terrence W. Kennedy (D) Federal government U.S. Representative(s): Edward J. Markey (D-7th District) U.S. Senators: John Kerry (D), Scott Brown (R) Voter registration and party enrollment as of October 15, 2008[39] Party Number of voters Percentage Democratic 16,588 46.80% Republican 2,610 7.36% Unaffiliated 16,054 45.29% Minor Parties 193 0.54% Total 35,445 100% Local government
- Michael J. McGlynn, Mayor
- Edward P. Finn, City Clerk
- Stephanie Muccini Burke, Director of Budget & Personnel
City Council
- Robert A. Maiacco, President
- Frederick N. Dello Russo Jr., Vice President
- Mark J. Arena
- Paul A. Camuso
- Breanna Lungo-Koehn
- Michael J. Marks
- Robert M. Penta
School Committee
- Michael J. McGlynn, Chairman
- George A. Scarpelli, Vice Chairman
- John C. Falco Jr., Secretary
- Ann Marie Cugno
- Sharon K. Guzik
- William J. O'Keefe Jr.
- Paulette Van der Kloot
Transportation
Numerous Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority bus lines go through Medford. On Medford's east side, Wellington station on the Orange Line provides a connection to Boston and the entire rapid transit system. On the west side, the Lowell Commuter Rail Line stops in West Medford Square.
Discussion of bringing the Green Line into Medford, as is mandated by environmental mitigation provisions of the Big Dig project,[40] is ongoing. On February 2, 2009, the state formally endorsed extending the Green Line through Medford, terminating near the intersection of Boston Avenue and Mystic Valley Parkway (Massachusetts Route 16). As proposed, the terminus would not have parking facilities. The extension would serve an additional 10,000 potential Green Line riders.
Joseph's Limousine and Transportation (located in Medford) runs a bus line through the city, and also picks up passengers going to other parts of Greater Boston or out of state.
Interstate 93 travels roughly north–south through the city. State routes passing through Medford include 16, 28, 38, and 60.
Points of interest
- Tufts University: Though mainly located in Medford, the Somerville-Medford border actually runs through Tufts' campus. The school employs many local residents and has many community service projects that serve the city, especially those run through the Leonard Carmichael Society and the Jonathan M. Tisch College of Citizenship and Public Service, the latter of which especially emphasizes public service in Tufts' host communities.
- The Unitarian Universalist Church of Medford: Medford's first religious community since 1690.
- Amelia Earhart residence, 76 Brooks Street
- John Wade House, built 1784, added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975
- Former site of Fannie Farmer's house, corner of Paris & Salem Streets
- Grandfather's House
- Grace Church, designed by H. H. Richardson
- Gravity Research Foundation monument at Tufts University
- Henry Bradlee Jr. House
- Jingle Bells historical marker, High Street
- Salem Street Burying Ground
Notable residents
- Edwin Adams, (1834–1877), stage comedian of the 19th century[41]
- Lou Antonelli, science fiction writer
- Rev. Hosea Ballou II Minister of 1st Universalist and 1st president of Tufts College.
- Shawn Bates, professional hockey player, New York Islanders
- Jessica Biel, actress, resident while attending Tufts University.
- Michael Bloomberg, current mayor of New York City
- Dale Bozzio Lead singer of band Missing Persons, worked with Frank Zappa.
- Terri Lyne Carrington, jazz drummer
- Lydia Maria Child, anti-slave activist, writer of the poem "Over the River and Through the Woods"
- Martha Coakley, attorney general of the State of Massachusetts.
- Thayer David, successful TV and film character actor during 1950s, 60s and 70s
- Rich DiMare, singer, producer of the Matty in the Morning Show on WXKS-FM[42]
- Amelia Earhart, pioneer aviatrix
- Fannie Farmer, culinary expert
- Frank Fontaine, comedian and singer
- Paul Geary former drummer of the hard rock band Extreme, music manager for acts such as Godsmack
- Colonel Edward Needles Hallowell, merchant and commander of the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry in the American Civil War
- John Honeycutt, TV producer for the Discovery Networks
- Robert Kelly, comedian, Tourgasm, Comedy Central
- Brian McGoff, Fetch with Ruff Ruffman cast member
- Laurel McGoff, actress and singer
- Maria Menounos, Miss Massachusetts Teen USA 1996, media personality (Entertainment Tonight), actress
- Bill Monbouquette, former Major League Baseball pitcher 1958-1968 (Red Sox, Tigers, Yankees)
- Priscilla Morrill, actress, played Edie Grant on the Mary Tyler Moore Show
- John Forbes Nash, Princeton professor, winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics
- Julianne Nicholson, actress (Ally McBeal, Conviction)
- Mike Pagliarulo, former Major League Baseball player
- Jerry Pallotta, children's book author
- Rev. John Pierpont
- James Pierpont, writer of "Jingle Bells"
- Ruth Posselt, classical violinist
- William Zebina Ripley, American economist and racial theorist
- Robert D. Richardson Historian grew up in the Osgood House
- Isaac Royall, Jr., 18th century benefactor of Harvard
- Joe Sacco, NHL Hockey player (Toronto, Anaheim, NY Islanders, Washington & Philadelphia), NHL Hockey coach (Colorado)
- David Sacco, NHL Hockey player (Toronto & Anaheim)
- Elizabeth Short, aspiring starlet, brutally mutilated and murdered, dubbed the "Black Dahlia" by the press
- Clifford Shull, Nobel Prize winning American physicist
- Rev. Clarence Skinner Dean of Religion Tufts University, minister of Hillside Universalist Church (1917–1920) Theologian and Pacifist
- George Luther Stearns Leading industrialist, one of John Brown's Secret Six, lead recruiter of the 54th and 55th Regiments.
- Paul Theroux, author
- Keith Tkachuk, NHL Hockey player (Winnipeg, Phoenix, St. Louis & Atlanta)
- Ed Tryon, halfback at Colgate University, elected to College Football Hall of Fame in 1963
- Bob Tufts, Major League Baseball pitcher
See also
- Blessing of the Bay
- List of Registered Historic Places in Medford, Massachusetts
- List of Fletcher (Tufts University) alumni
References
- ^ History of the Town of Medford, p. 30
- ^ History of the Town of Medford, p. 39
- ^ a b History of Middlesex County, p. 158
- ^ a b Medford Historical Society
- ^ History of the Town of Medford, p. 5
- ^ Medicalhistorical.org
- ^ a b c d Medfordhistorical.org
- ^ United States census
- ^ Medford.org
- ^ Medfordhistorical.org
- ^ Medfordhistorical.org
- ^ Medfordhistorical.org
- ^ Gleason, Hall (1937). Old Ships and Ship-Building Days of Medford. Medford, MA: J.C. Miller. p. 76.
- ^ History of the Town of Medford, "Roads" chapter.
- ^ Medfordhistorical.org
- ^ Bostonroads.com
- ^ Town, Your (October 12, 2009). "New Michael Bloomberg biography takes a few jabs at Medford". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/yourtown/news/medford/2009/10/a_new_biography_of_new.html.
- ^ "Black Mass: The Irish Mob, the Boston FBI and a Devil's Deal, "Dick Lehr (author), Gerard O'Neill (author) Publisher and ISBN needed
- ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
- ^ "TOTAL POPULATION (P1), 2010 Census Summary File 1, All County Subdivisions within Massachusetts". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/P1/0400000US25.06000. Retrieved September 13, 2011.
- ^ "Massachusetts by Place and County Subdivision - GCT-T1. Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US25&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-T1&-ds_name=PEP_2009_EST&-_lang=en&-format=ST-9&-_sse=on. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ "1990 Census of Population, General Population Characteristics: Massachusetts". US Census Bureau. December 1990. Table 76: General Characteristics of Persons, Households, and Families: 1990. 1990 CP-1-23. http://www.census.gov/prod/cen1990/cp1/cp-1-23.pdf. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ "1980 Census of the Population, Number of Inhabitants: Massachusetts". US Census Bureau. December 1981. Table 4. Populations of County Subdivisions: 1960 to 1980. PC80-1-A23. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1980a_maABC-01.pdf. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ "1950 Census of Population". Bureau of the Census. 1952. Section 6, Pages 21-10 and 21-11, Massachusetts Table 6. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1930 to 1950. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/23761117v1ch06.pdf. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ "1920 Census of Population". Bureau of the Census. Number of Inhabitants, by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions. Pages 21-5 through 21-7. Massachusetts Table 2. Population of Counties by Minor Civil Divisions: 1920, 1910, and 1920. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/41084506no553ch2.pdf. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ "1890 Census of the Population". Department of the Interior, Census Office. Pages 179 through 182. Massachusetts Table 5. Population of States and Territories by Minor Civil Divisions: 1880 and 1890. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/41084506no553ch2.pdf. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ "1870 Census of the Population". Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1872. Pages 217 through 220. Table IX. Population of Minor Civil Divisions, &c. Massachusetts. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1870e-05.pdf. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ "1860 Census". Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1864. Pages 220 through 226. State of Massachusetts Table No. 3. Populations of Cities, Towns, &c.. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1860a-08.pdf. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ "1850 Census". Department of the Interior, Census Office. 1854. Pages 338 through 393. Populations of Cities, Towns, &c.. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1850c-11.pdf. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ "1950 Census of Population". Bureau of the Census. 1952. Section 6, Pages 21-7 through 21-09, Massachusetts Table 4. Population of Urban Places of 10,000 or more from Earliest Census to 1920. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/23761117v1ch06.pdf. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
- ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ Ase.tufts.edu
- ^ Gentledragonpreschool.org
- ^ Play-academy.com
- ^ 6acres.homestead.com
- ^ Stjosephshoolmedford.com
- ^ Saintclementschool.org
- ^ Saintraphaelparish.org
- ^ "Registration and Party Enrollment Statistics as of October 15, 2008" (PDF). Massachusetts Elections Division. http://www.sec.state.ma.us/ele/elepdf/st_county_town_enroll_breakdown_08.pdf. Retrieved 2010-05-08.
- ^ Green Line stops discussed at Tufts workshop - Medford, MA - Medford Transcript
- ^ Who Was Who in America, Historical Volume, 1607-1896. Marquis Who's Who. 1967. Publisher and ISBN needed
- ^ Richdimare.com
Further reading
- Medford on the Mystic by Carl and Alan Seaburg, Published by Medford Historical Society is the Source of much of the Article
- 1871 Atlas of Massachusetts. by Wall & Gray.Map of Massachusetts. Map of Middlesex County.
- 1880 Map of Medford, Bird's Eye View by C.H Brainard.
- History of the Town of Medford, Middlesex County, Massachusetts by Charles Brooks, published 1855, 576 pages.
- History of Middlesex County, Volume II, p. 158 etc. (Medford, by W. H. Whitmore). 1880, published by Estes and Lauriat; edited by Samual Adams Drake.
External links
- City Hall's website
- Medford Transcript, newspaper
- InsideMedford.com, online newspaper
- Medford History by local schools
- Medford Genealogy by Sharon Guzik
- Medford Historical Society
- Medford Historical Commission
- Thatcher Magoun's Shipbuilding in Medford
- Parks and playgrounds
Municipalities and communities of Middlesex County, Massachusetts Cities Towns Acton | Arlington | Ashby | Ashland | Ayer | Bedford | Belmont | Billerica | Boxborough | Burlington | Carlisle | Chelmsford | Concord | Dracut | Dunstable | Framingham | Groton | Holliston | Hopkinton | Hudson | Lexington | Lincoln | Littleton | Maynard | Natick | North Reading | Pepperell | Reading | Sherborn | Shirley | Stoneham | Stow | Sudbury | Tewksbury | Townsend | Tyngsborough | Wakefield | Wayland | Westford | Weston | Wilmington | Winchester
CDPs Ayer | Cochituate | Fort Devens | East Pepperell | Groton | Hopkinton | Hudson | Littleton Common | Pepperell | Pinehurst | Shirley | Townsend | West Concord
Other
villagesAuburndale | Chestnut Hill | Gleasondale | Nabnasset | Newton Centre | Newton Highlands | Newton Lower Falls | Newton Upper Falls | Newtonville | Nonantum | North Billerica | North Chelmsford | Waban | West Newton
Categories:- Medford, Massachusetts
- Cities in Massachusetts
- Populated places established in 1630
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