Lexington, Massachusetts

Infobox Settlement
official_name = Lexington, Massachusetts
nickname =
motto =

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imagesize = 250px
image_caption = Minuteman Statue and Hayes Memorial Fountain on Lexington Common, by H. H. Kitson.
image_

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mapsize = 250px
map_caption = Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts


mapsize1 =
map_caption1 =
subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = United States
subdivision_type1 = State
subdivision_name1 = Massachusetts
subdivision_type2 = County
subdivision_name2 = Middlesex
established_title = Settled
established_date = 1642
established_title2 = Incorporated
established_date2 = 1713
established_title3 =
established_date3 =
government_type = Representative town meeting
leader_title =
leader_name =
leader_title1 =
leader_name1 =
area_magnitude =
area_total_km2 = 42.8
area_total_sq_mi = 16.5
area_land_km2 = 42.5
area_land_sq_mi = 16.4
area_water_km2 = 0.4
area_water_sq_mi = 0.1
population_as_of = 2007
settlement_type = Town
population_total = 30,332
population_density_km2 = 713.7
population_density_sq_mi = 1,849.5
elevation_m = 64
elevation_ft = 210
timezone = Eastern
utc_offset = -5
timezone_DST = Eastern
utc_offset_DST = -4
latd = 42 |latm = 26 |lats = 50 |latNS = N
longd = 71 |longm = 13 |longs = 30 |longEW = W
website = http://ci.lexington.ma.us/
postal_code_type = ZIP code
postal_code = 02420 / 02421
area_code = 339 / 781
blank_name = FIPS code
blank_info = 25-35215
blank1_name = GNIS feature ID
blank1_info = 0619401
footnotes =

Lexington is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 30,355 at the 2000 census.

The town is famous for being the site of the opening shots of the American Revolution, in the Battle of Lexington on April 19, 1775.

History

Lexington was first settled in 1642 as the Cambridge Farms parish of Cambridge, Massachusetts and was incorporated as a separate town in 1713. [ [http://www.lexingtonchamber.org/history.html Lexington, MA Chamber of Commerce Home Page ] ] How it received its name is the subject of some controversy. Some people believe that it was named in honor of Lord Lexington, a British nobleman. [http://ci.lexington.ma.us/publicdocs/FY%202007/Blue%20Book/Online%20Version/Appendix%20D.pdf] Some, on the other hand, believe that it was named after Lexington (which was pronounced and today spelled Laxton) in Nottinghamshire, England. [ [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9048039/Lexington Lexington - Britannica Online Encyclopedia ] ]

For decades, Lexington showed modest growth while remaining largely a farming community, providing Boston with much of its produce. It always had a bustling downtown area, which remains so to this day. Lexington began to prosper, helped by its close proximity to Boston, and having a rail line (now the Minuteman Bikeway) service its citizens and businesses (this began in the 1840s). For many years, East Lexington was considered a separate entity from the rest of the town, and it still retains its own sense of identity, due in part to some of its blue-collar neighborhoods, a contrast to many of the wealthier parts of town.

Lexington, as well as many of the towns along the Route 128 corridor, experienced a jump in population in the 1960s and 70s, due to the high-tech boom. Property values in the town soared, and the school system became nationally recognized for its excellence. The town participates in the METCO program, which buses minority students from Boston to suburban towns to receive a better education in a safer environment than in Boston Public Schools.

Lexington was the location of the first battle of the American Revolutionary War. Every year, on the third Monday of April, the town observes Patriots' Day. Events begin with Paul Revere's Ride, with a special re-enactment of the Battles of Lexington and Concord. At 6 a.m., there is a re-enactment of the skirmish on the Battle Green, with shots fired from the Battle Green and the nearby Buckman Tavern (to account for the fact that no one knows where the first shot was fired from, or by whom). After the rout, the British march on toward Concord. The battle in Lexington allowed the Concord militia time to organize at the Old North Bridge, where they were able to turn back the British and prevent them from capturing and destroying the militia's arms stores. The actual events occurred on April 19, 1775.

Throughout the rest of the year many tourists enjoy tours of the town's historic landmarks such as Buckman Tavern, Munroe Tavern, and the Hancock-Clarke House, which are maintained by the town's historical society.

Geography

Lexington is located at coor dms|42|26|39|N|71|13|36|W|city (42.444345, -71.226928).GR|1

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 16.5 square miles (42.8 km²), of which, 16.4 square miles (42.5 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.4 km²) of it (0.85%) is water.

Lexington borders the following towns: Burlington, Woburn, Winchester, Arlington, Belmont, Waltham, Lincoln, and Bedford.

Demographics

As of the censusGR|2 of 2000, there were 30,355 people, 11,110 households, and 8,432 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,851.0 people per square mile (714.6/km²). There were 11,333 housing units at an average density of 691.1/sq mi (266.8/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 86.13% White, 10.90% Asian, 3.13% Black or African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.34% from other races, and 1.41% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.41% of the population.

There were 11,110 households out of which 37.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.0% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.1% were non-families. 20.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the town the population was spread out with 26.4% under the age of 18, 3.5% from 18 to 24, 22.7% from 25 to 44, 28.5% from 45 to 64, and 19.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 88.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.5 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $96,825, and the median income for a family was $111,899. Males had a median income of $81,857 versus $50,090 for females. The per capita income for the town was $46,119. About 1.8% of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.2% of those under age 18 and 3.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education

Public schools

Lexington is also renownedFact|date=September 2008 for its public education system, which includes six elementary schools, two middle schools, and a high school. Lexington High School was recently ranked the 304th best high school in the nation by Newsweek. [ [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/education/challenge/2005/challengeindex04.html Best high schools in America, May 23, 2005] .] In addition to Lexington High School, students may also attend Minuteman Regional High School if so desiring.

* Elementary Schools
** Joseph Estabrook Elementary School [http://estabrook.lexingtonma.org/]
** Fiske Elementary School [http://fiske.lexingtonma.org/]
** Maria Hastings Elementary School [http://hastings.lexingtonma.org/]
** Bridge Elementary School [http://bridge.lexingtonma.org/]
** Bowman Elementary School [http://bowman.lexingtonma.org/]
** Harrington Elementary School [http://harrington.lexingtonma.org/]

* Middle Schools
** William Diamond Middle School [http://diamond.lexingtonma.org/]
** Jonas Clarke Middle School [http://clarke.lexingtonma.org/]

* High Schools
**Lexington High School [http://lhs.lexingtonma.org/]
**Minuteman Regional High School [http://www.minuteman.org/]

Private schools

* [http://lca.edu Lexington Christian Academy]
* [http://armeniansistersacademy.org Armenian Sisters Academy]
* [http://www.communitytherapeuticdayschool.org Community Therapeutic Day School]
* [http://www.jri.org/cfys/pelham_academy.htm Pelham Academy (Concord Assabet Family Youth Services)]
* [http://www.lexmontessori.org Lexington Montessori School]
* [http://www.thewaldorfschool.org/home/home.asp The Waldorf School] (Formerly Adams Elementary School)
* Cotting School [http://www.cotting.org] (The Cotting School, America's first day school for children with special needs, moved to Lexington in 1986.)

Points of interest

* Lexington is probably most well-known for its history and is home to many historical buildings, parks, and monuments, most dating from Colonial and Revolutionary times.
*One of the most prominent historical landmarks, located in Lexington Centre, is the Common, or as it later became known, the Battle Green, where the battle was fought, and the Minuteman Statue in front of it.
*Another important historical monument is the Revolutionary Monument, the nation's oldest war memorial (completed on July 4, 1799) and the gravesite of those colonists slain in the Battle of Lexington.
*Other landmarks of historical importance include the Old Burying Ground (with gravestones dating back to 1690), the Old Belfry, Buckman Tavern (circa 1704-1710), Munroe Tavern (circa 1690), the Hancock-Clarke House (circa 1698), the U.S.S. Lexington Memorial, the Old Depot train station, and Follen Church (the oldest standing church building in Lexington, built in 1839).
*Lexington is also home to the 900-acre Minute Man National Historical Park and the National Heritage Museum, which showcases exhibits on American history and popular culture.
* Central to the town is Lexington's town center, home to numerous dining opportunities, fine art galleries, retail shopping, a small cinema, the Cary Memorial Library, the Minuteman Bikeway, Depot Square, and many of the aforementioned historical landmarks.
*The Great Meadow a.k.a Arlington's Great Meadows, is a sprawling meadow and marshland located in East Lexington, but owned by the town of Arlington, Lexington's neighbor to the east.
*Willards Woods Conservation Area, a small forest of conservation land donated years ago by the Willard Sisters. [ [http://www.lexingtonma.org/conservation/Lands/Willards.html Willards Woods Conservation Area] ]
*Wilson Farms, a farm and farm stand in operation since 1884.
*Notable Lexington neighborhoods include Meriam Hill, Irish Village, Loring Hill, Belfry Hill, the Manor Section, and East Village.

Notable residents

* Henry Abraham, Nobel Peace Prize recipient
* Steve Bennett, film producer, pioneer of digital cinema
* Sir Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web
* Stephen Bladd, drummer for the J. Geils Band
* Harold Dow Bugbee, Wesern artist born in Lexington
* Noam Chomsky, professor of linguistics at MIT, creator of the theory of generative grammar and one of the most prominent linguist of the 20th century.
* Francis Judd Cooke, composer
* Robert Dentler, sociologist, special master for the Boston school desegregation case
* John M. Deutch, Deputy Secretary of Defense (1994–1995) and Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) (1995–1996)
* Rachel Dratch, cast member of Saturday Night Live
* David Elkind, child psychologist, author
* Philip Elmer-DeWitt, science editor for Time Magazine
* Jean B. Fletcher, Norman C. Fletcher, "(See John & Sarah Harkness below)"
* Henry Louis Gates, Jr., African-American Studies scholar, co-editor of Encarta Africana encyclopedia
* Dana Greeley, last president of the American Unitarian Association and first president of the Unitarian Universalist Association.
* [http://www.tissahami.com Tissa Hami] , comic
* Rev. John Hancock, grandfather of Mass. Governor, revolutionary and businessman John Hancock
* John C. Harkness and Sarah P. Harkness, founders of The Architects Collaborative in Cambridge, Massachusetts with Bauhaus veteran Walter Gropius
* Bill Janovitz, lead singer and guitarist of the rock and roll band Buffalo Tom
* Tama Janowitz, author, 'Slaves of New York' (1986)
* Dennis Johnson, guard for the Boston Celtics
* Claude Julien, current head coach for the Boston Bruins
* X. J. Kennedy, noted poet and writer
* Joyce Kulhawik, arts and entertainment anchor for WBZ-TV news
* Steve Leach, former NHL Player
* Bill Lichtenstein, journalist, filmmaker, radio producer
* Salvador Luria, Nobel Prize in Medicine
* Rollie Massimino, lead Villanova Wildcats to basketball national championship in 1985, former Lexington High School teacher and coach
* Matt Nathanson, musician
* Eugene Mirman, comedian
* Douglas Melton, pioneer of stem cell research
* Mario Molina, Nobel Prize in Physics
* Joseph Nye, political analyst, author of Soft power
* Amanda Palmer, songwriter, vocalist, pianist of the duo The Dresden Dolls
* Charles Ponzi, con man
* John Rawls, philosopher; known for his theory of justice
* Ruth Sawyer, author, winner of the Newbery Medal
* Clarence Skinner, Dean of Crane School of Theology at Tufts and influential 20th century American Universalist.
* Clifford Shull, Nobel Prize in Physics
* Tom Silva, Building Contractor and co-host of the PBS show "This Old House".
* Sheila E. Widnall, aerospace researcher and educator at MIT, former Secretary of the Air Force
* Edward Osborne Wilson, entomologist and author
* Bill Wright, Former faculty member, Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT and President & CEO Wrightsoft Corp.
* Ethan Zohn, winner of

ister cities

Lexington is a sister city of

References

Further reading

* [http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_results.asp?ImageType=index&atlastype=MassWorld&atlastown=&atlas=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&atlas_desc=MASSACHUSETTS+1871 "1871 Atlas of Massachusetts".] by Wall & Gray. [http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_pages.asp?ImageName=PAGE_0010_0011.jpg&atlastype=MassWorld&atlastown=&atlas=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&atlas_desc=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&pageprefix= Map of Massachusetts.] [http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_pages.asp?ImageName=PAGE_0044_0045.jpg&atlastype=MassWorld&atlastown=&atlas=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&atlas_desc=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&pageprefix= Map of Middlesex County.]
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=QGolOAyd9RMC&dq=intitle:History+intitle:of+intitle:Middlesex+intitle:County+intitle:Massachusetts&lr=&num=50&as_brr=0&source=gbs_other_versions_sidebar_s&cad=5 "History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts", Volume 1 (A-H)] , [http://books.google.com/books?id=hNaAnwRMedUC&pg=PA506&dq=intitle:History+intitle:of+intitle:Middlesex+intitle:County+intitle:Massachusetts&lr=&num=50&as_brr=0#PPA3,M1 Volume 2 (L-W)] compiled by Samuel Adams Drake, published 1879 and 1880. 572 and 505 pages. [http://books.google.com/books?id=hNaAnwRMedUC&pg=PA506&dq=History+of+Middlesex+County,+Massachusetts#PPA10,M1 Lexington section] by Charles Hudson in volume 2 pages 9-33 (note page 9 missing).
* "History of the Town of Lexington, Middlesex County, Massachusetts", [http://books.google.com/books?id=M0EOAAAAIAAJ&printsec=titlepage&dq=History+of+Middlesex+County,+Massachusetts&lr=&source=gbs_summary_r Volume 1 - History,] [http://books.google.com/books?id=BEEOAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=History+of+Middlesex+County,+Massachusetts&lr= Volume2 - Genealogies,] by Charles Hudson, published 1913,

External links

* [http://www.lexingtonma.gov/ Lexington official website]
* [http://www.lexingtonhistory.org/ Lexington Historical Society]
* [http://lps.lexingtonma.org/ Lexington Public Schools]
* [http://www.lexmedia.org/ LexMedia local access television]
* [http://www.viewlexington.com/ Virtual Tour of Lexington]
*